Menu

1 Samuel 25:33

1 Samuel 25:33 in Multiple Translations

Blessed is your discernment, and blessed are you, because today you kept me from bloodshed and from avenging myself by my own hand.

And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.

and blessed be thy discretion, and blessed be thou, that hast kept me this day from bloodguiltiness, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.

A blessing on your good sense and on you, who have kept me today from the crime of blood and from taking into my hands the punishment for my wrongs.

May you be rewarded for your wise decisions, for preventing me from shedding blood today and taking my own revenge.

And blessed be thy counsel, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from comming to shed blood, and that mine hand hath not saued me.

and blessed [is] thy discretion, and blessed [art] thou in that thou hast restrained me this day from coming in with blood, and to restrain my hand to myself.

Blessed is your discretion, and blessed are you, who have kept me today from blood guiltiness, and from avenging myself with my own hand.

And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, who hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with my own hand.

And blessed be thou, who hast kept me today, from coming to blood, and revenging me with my own hand.

I hope/desire that Yahweh will bless you for being very wise. You have prevented me from taking revenge myself and killing many people [MTY] today.

You thought carefully about it, then you came and met me here. So now I ask God to be good to you. Yes, I came to fight, but you stopped me, so I didn’t kill lots of people dead.

Study Highlights

Key words in the translations above are automatically highlighted. Names of God and Jesus are marked in purple, the Holy Spirit in orange, divine action verbs are underlined, and repeated key words are highlighted in yellow.

Enable Study Highlights
God & Jesus
Holy Spirit
Divine Actions
Repeated Words

Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Samuel 25:33

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

1 Samuel 25:33 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וּ/בָר֥וּךְ טַעְמֵ֖/ךְ וּ/בְרוּכָ֣ה אָ֑תְּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר כְּלִתִ֜/נִי הַ/יּ֤וֹם הַ/זֶּה֙ מִ/בּ֣וֹא בְ/דָמִ֔ים וְ/הֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדִ֖/י לִֽ/י
וּ/בָר֥וּךְ bârak H1288 to bless Conj | V-Qal-Inf-c
טַעְמֵ֖/ךְ ṭaʻam H2940 taste N-ms | Suff
וּ/בְרוּכָ֣ה bârak H1288 to bless Conj | V-Qal-Inf-c
אָ֑תְּ ʼattâh H859 you(m.s.) Pron
אֲשֶׁ֨ר ʼăsher H834 which Rel
כְּלִתִ֜/נִי kâlâʼ H3607 to restrain V-Qal-Perf-2fs | Suff
הַ/יּ֤וֹם yôwm H3117 day Art | N-ms
הַ/זֶּה֙ zeh H2088 this Art | Pron
מִ/בּ֣וֹא bôwʼ H935 Lebo Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
בְ/דָמִ֔ים dâm H1818 blood Prep | N-mp
וְ/הֹשֵׁ֥עַ yâshaʻ H3467 to save Conj | V-Hiphil-Ptc
יָדִ֖/י yâd H3027 hand N-cs | Suff
לִֽ/י Prep | Suff
Hebrew Word Study

Select any word above to explore its original meaning, root, and usage across Scripture.

Use arrow keys to navigate between words.

Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Samuel 25:33

וּ/בָר֥וּךְ bârak H1288 "to bless" Conj | V-Qal-Inf-c
To bless means to praise or honor God, often by kneeling in worship. In the Bible, people bless God and God blesses people, showing favor and care for them, as seen in the story of Abraham and his descendants.
Definition: 1) to bless, kneel 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to kneel 1a2) to bless 1b) (Niphal) to be blessed, bless oneself 1c) (Piel) to bless 1d) (Pual) to be blessed, be adored 1e) (Hiphil) to cause to kneel 1f) (Hithpael) to bless oneself 2) (TWOT) to praise, salute, curse Aramaic equivalent: be.rakh (בְּרַךְ "to bless" H1289)
Usage: Occurs in 289 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] abundantly, [idiom] altogether, [idiom] at all, blaspheme, bless, congratulate, curse, [idiom] greatly, [idiom] indeed, kneel (down), praise, salute, [idiom] still, thank. See also: Genesis 1:22; Deuteronomy 24:19; Job 2:9.
טַעְמֵ֖/ךְ ṭaʻam H2940 "taste" N-ms | Suff
This Hebrew word means to have a taste or perception of something, and is often used to describe judgment or intelligence. It appears in Proverbs 1:7, where wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord. In the Bible, it can also mean a decree or decision.
Definition: 1) taste, judgment 1a) taste 1b) judgment (fig.) 1c) decision, decree
Usage: Occurs in 12 OT verses. KJV: advice, behaviour, decree, discretion, judgment, reason, taste, understanding. See also: Exodus 16:31; Psalms 34:1; Psalms 119:66.
וּ/בְרוּכָ֣ה bârak H1288 "to bless" Conj | V-Qal-Inf-c
To bless means to praise or honor God, often by kneeling in worship. In the Bible, people bless God and God blesses people, showing favor and care for them, as seen in the story of Abraham and his descendants.
Definition: 1) to bless, kneel 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to kneel 1a2) to bless 1b) (Niphal) to be blessed, bless oneself 1c) (Piel) to bless 1d) (Pual) to be blessed, be adored 1e) (Hiphil) to cause to kneel 1f) (Hithpael) to bless oneself 2) (TWOT) to praise, salute, curse Aramaic equivalent: be.rakh (בְּרַךְ "to bless" H1289)
Usage: Occurs in 289 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] abundantly, [idiom] altogether, [idiom] at all, blaspheme, bless, congratulate, curse, [idiom] greatly, [idiom] indeed, kneel (down), praise, salute, [idiom] still, thank. See also: Genesis 1:22; Deuteronomy 24:19; Job 2:9.
אָ֑תְּ ʼattâh H859 "you(m.s.)" Pron
You is the translation of a Hebrew word used to address someone directly, like when God says you to someone in the Bible. It can be singular or plural, and is often translated as thee, thou, or ye.
Definition: you (second pers. sing. masc.)
Usage: Occurs in 997 OT verses. KJV: thee, thou, ye, you. See also: Genesis 3:11; Exodus 23:9; Deuteronomy 14:1.
אֲשֶׁ֨ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
כְּלִתִ֜/נִי kâlâʼ H3607 "to restrain" V-Qal-Perf-2fs | Suff
This Hebrew word means to hold something back or restrict it, often used in the Bible to describe God's control over human actions. It appears in books like Leviticus and Psalms, where it talks about restraining evil or withholding punishment. English Bibles translate it as 'restrain' or 'withhold'.
Definition: 1) to restrict, restrain, withhold, shut up, keep back, refrain, forbid 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to shut up 1a2) to restrain 1a3) to withhold 1b) (Niphal) to be restrained 1c) (Piel) to finish
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: finish, forbid, keep (back), refrain, restrain, retain, shut up, be stayed, withhold. See also: Genesis 8:2; Psalms 88:9; Psalms 40:10.
הַ/יּ֤וֹם yôwm H3117 "day" Art | N-ms
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
הַ/זֶּה֙ zeh H2088 "this" Art | Pron
This word is a pronoun meaning this or that, used to point out a specific person or thing. It appears in many contexts, including Genesis and Psalms, to indicate something specific. The KJV translates it as he, here, or it.
Definition: 1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, another, such 1a) (alone) 1a1) this one 1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another 1b) (appos to subst) 1b1) this 1c) (as predicate) 1c1) this, such 1d) (enclitically) 1d1) then 1d2) who, whom 1d3) how now, what now 1d4) what now 1d5) wherefore now 1d6) behold here 1d7) just now 1d8) now, now already 1e) (poetry) 1e1) wherein, which, those who 1f) (with prefixes) 1f1) in this (place) here, then 1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter 1f3) thus and thus 1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus 1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side 1f6) on this account 1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how
Usage: Occurs in 1061 OT verses. KJV: he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare H2063 (זֹאת), H2090 (זֹה), H2097 (זוֹ), H2098 (זוּ). See also: Genesis 5:1; Exodus 10:17; Numbers 14:16.
מִ/בּ֣וֹא bôwʼ H935 "Lebo" Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Definition: A shortened name of Lebo Hamath complined withcha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574) This name means to go in, enter
Usage: Occurs in 2307 OT verses. KJV: abide, apply, attain, [idiom] be, befall, [phrase] besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, [idiom] certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, [idiom] doubtless again, [phrase] eat, [phrase] employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, [phrase] follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, [phrase] have, [idiom] indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, [idiom] (well) stricken (in age), [idiom] surely, take (in), way. See also: Genesis 2:19; Genesis 32:7; Exodus 1:19.
בְ/דָמִ֔ים dâm H1818 "blood" Prep | N-mp
Blood refers to the liquid that flows through the body, essential for life. In the Bible, blood is often used to symbolize life, guilt, or sacrifice, as seen in the story of Jesus' crucifixion.
Definition: 1) blood 1a) of wine (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 295 OT verses. KJV: blood(-y, -guiltiness, (-thirsty), [phrase] innocent. See also: Genesis 4:10; Numbers 19:5; Psalms 5:7.
וְ/הֹשֵׁ֥עַ yâshaʻ H3467 "to save" Conj | V-Hiphil-Ptc
Means to save or be delivered, used in the Bible to describe being freed from danger or trouble, like in battle or from moral struggles, as seen in the Psalms and Proverbs.
Definition: 1) to save, be saved, be delivered 1a) (Niphal) 1a1) to be liberated, be saved, be delivered 1a2) to be saved (in battle), be victorious 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to save, deliver 1b2) to save from moral troubles 1b3) to give victory to
Usage: Occurs in 198 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] at all, avenging, defend, deliver(-er), help, preserve, rescue, be safe, bring (having) salvation, save(-iour), get victory. See also: Exodus 2:17; Psalms 55:17; Psalms 3:8.
יָדִ֖/י yâd H3027 "hand" N-cs | Suff
In the Bible, 'yad' refers to an open hand, symbolizing power or direction. It can also mean strength or a part of something, like a side or a share. The word is used in many contexts, including anatomy and everyday life.
Definition: : hand/arm[anatomy] 1) hand 1a) hand (of man) 1b) strength, power (fig.) 1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.) 1d) (various special, technical senses) 1d1) sign, monument 1d2) part, fractional part, share 1d3) time, repetition 1d4) axle-trees, axle 1d5) stays, support (for laver) 1d6) tenons (in tabernacle) 1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure) 1d8) wrists
Usage: Occurs in 1446 OT verses. KJV: ([phrase] be) able, [idiom] about, [phrase] armholes, at, axletree, because of, beside, border, [idiom] bounty, [phrase] broad, (broken-) handed, [idiom] by, charge, coast, [phrase] consecrate, [phrase] creditor, custody, debt, dominion, [idiom] enough, [phrase] fellowship, force, [idiom] from, hand(-staves, -y work), [idiom] he, himself, [idiom] in, labour, [phrase] large, ledge, (left-) handed, means, [idiom] mine, ministry, near, [idiom] of, [idiom] order, ordinance, [idiom] our, parts, pain, power, [idiom] presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay, draw with strength, stroke, [phrase] swear, terror, [idiom] thee, [idiom] by them, [idiom] themselves, [idiom] thine own, [idiom] thou, through, [idiom] throwing, [phrase] thumb, times, [idiom] to, [idiom] under, [idiom] us, [idiom] wait on, (way-) side, where, [phrase] wide, [idiom] with (him, me, you), work, [phrase] yield, [idiom] yourselves. See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 7:19; Leviticus 14:22.
לִֽ/י "" Prep | Suff

Study Notes — 1 Samuel 25:33

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 1 Samuel 25:26 Now, my lord, as surely as the LORD lives and you yourself live, the LORD has held you back from coming to bloodshed and avenging yourself with your own hand. May your enemies and those who seek harm for my lord be like Nabal.
2 Proverbs 28:23 He who rebukes a man will later find more favor than one who flatters with his tongue.
3 Proverbs 9:9 Instruct a wise man, and he will be wiser still; teach a righteous man, and he will increase his learning.
4 Psalms 141:5 Let the righteous man strike me; let his rebuke be an act of loving devotion. It is oil for my head; let me not refuse it. For my prayer is ever against the deeds of the wicked.
5 Proverbs 25:12 Like an earring of gold or an ornament of fine gold is a wise man’s rebuke to a listening ear.
6 Proverbs 27:21 A crucible for silver and a furnace for gold, but a man is tested by the praise accorded him.
7 Proverbs 17:10 A rebuke cuts into a man of discernment deeper than a hundred lashes cut into a fool.
8 1 Samuel 24:19 When a man finds his enemy, does he let him go away unharmed? May the LORD reward you with good for what you have done for me this day.
9 1 Samuel 26:9–10 But David said to Abishai, “Do not destroy him, for who can lift a hand against the LORD’s anointed and be guiltless?” David added, “As surely as the LORD lives, the LORD Himself will strike him down; either his day will come and he will die, or he will go into battle and perish.
10 1 Samuel 25:31 then my lord will have no remorse or guilt of conscience over needless bloodshed and revenge. And when the LORD has dealt well with my lord, may you remember your maidservant.”

1 Samuel 25:33 Summary

In 1 Samuel 25:33, David is praising Abigail for her wise and quick thinking, which prevented him from doing something he would later regret. Abigail's discernment and bravery helped to avoid bloodshed and promoted peace, demonstrating a heart that trusts in God's sovereignty, as seen in Proverbs 3:5-6. This verse teaches us that trusting in God and seeking wisdom can help us make better choices and avoid harm, and it encourages us to trust in God's justice and timing, rather than taking matters into our own hands, as warned against in Romans 12:19. By trusting in God and seeking wisdom, we can navigate difficult situations and promote peace, just like Abigail did, as encouraged in Matthew 5:9.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does it mean to have discernment in this verse?

In 1 Samuel 25:33, discernment refers to Abigail's ability to wisely judge the situation and intervene to prevent bloodshed, as seen in her quick thinking and actions to meet David and persuade him to spare Nabal's household, much like the discernment encouraged in Proverbs 10:13 and Proverbs 11:12.

Why did David praise Abigail for keeping him from avenging himself?

David recognized that taking revenge into his own hands would have been sinful, as seen in Romans 12:19, which says 'do not avenge yourselves', and instead, he allowed God to handle the situation, trusting in His sovereignty and justice, as expressed in Deuteronomy 32:35 and Hebrews 10:30.

How does this verse relate to God's sovereignty?

In 1 Samuel 25:33, we see God's sovereignty at work through Abigail's actions, as she was used by God to prevent bloodshed and guide David towards a path of righteousness, illustrating the concept in Proverbs 21:1 that 'the king's heart is in the hand of the Lord'

What can we learn from Abigail's example in this verse?

Abigail's example teaches us the importance of seeking wisdom, being courageous, and trusting in God's sovereignty, as seen in Psalm 37:3-7, which encourages us to trust in the Lord, do good, and rest in Him, and her actions demonstrate a heart that fears the Lord, as described in Proverbs 31:30

Reflection Questions

  1. How can I, like Abigail, use my discernment to prevent harmful situations and promote peace in my own life and the lives of those around me?
  2. In what ways can I trust God's sovereignty in my life, even when faced with difficult or uncertain circumstances, and how can I apply the principles from this verse to my everyday life?
  3. What are some areas in my life where I need to let go of my desire for revenge or control and instead trust in God's justice and timing, as seen in this verse and supported by Scripture in Deuteronomy 32:35?
  4. How can I cultivate a heart of wisdom, courage, and trust in God, like Abigail, and apply these qualities to my relationships and decisions, as encouraged in Proverbs 9:10 and Psalm 111:10?

Gill's Exposition on 1 Samuel 25:33

And blessed [be] thy advice,.... Thanks be to God, and to thee for it, being wise, good, and seasonable; or "thy taste" (g), thy good sense, knowledge, as the Targum, discretion, prudence, and

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 25:33

And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Samuel 25:33

Blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, i.e. the Lord bless and recompense thee for this thy good advice. From coming to shed blood, which I had sworn to do. Hereby it plainly appears that oaths whereby men bind themselves to any sin are null and void; and as it was a sin to make them, so it is adding sin to sin to perform them.

Trapp's Commentary on 1 Samuel 25:33

1 Samuel 25:33 And blessed [be] thy advice, and blessed [be] thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to [shed] blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.Ver. 33. And blessed be thou.] Whom God hath made instrumental to my great good; and therefore I may not defraud thee of thy due commendation. If Solomon have his thousand, yet the vinedressers, his labourers, may well have two hundred. We send thanks to the donor: we also thank and pay the messenger that bringeth a present to us.

Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Samuel 25:33

(33) And blessed be thy advice.—David, with his usual frank generosity, allows he has been in the wrong in giving way to wild, ungovernable passion, and openly confesses that if Abigail had not met him and reasoned with him, he would have carried out his purpose, and stained his fair fame for ever with a terrible crime. His dark purpose was to cut off, root and branch, the whole house of Nabal, amongst others the woman standing before him there. It is noticeable how, in this age of deeper religion and of higher culture, the old superstitious reverence for vows, taken in moments of frenzy or of extreme excitement, had given place to a calmer and more reasonable spirit. Never had a more solemn vow been taken than David’s that morning, when he took a solemn oath that he would murder the whole house of Nabal; and yet, before the sun set he is convinced of the wickedness of his purpose, and sooner than carry it out he deliberately breaks the oath. Some years before, Saul—had he not been forcibly hindered by the people—would, by the murder of his son, the hero-prince Jonathan, have fulfilled the rash oath which he swore at the battle of Michmash (1 Samuel 14:24; 1 Samuel 14:45); and Jephthah, the judge of Israel, we know, in the person of his loved daughter, ruthlessly carried out his wild, useless oath (Judges 11:34; Judges 11:40).

Cambridge Bible on 1 Samuel 25:33

33. advice] Better, discretion.from coming to shed blood] From coming into blood-guiltiness, as in 1 Samuel 25:26.

Sermons on 1 Samuel 25:33

SermonDescription
Milton Green (Saved Through the Fire) 15 - the Escaped Remnant by Milton Green In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of personal growth and spiritual transformation. He shares his own experiences of being separated from friends and going throu
St. John Chrysostom Homily 6 on Matthew by St. John Chrysostom John Chrysostom preaches on the significance of the wise men from the East seeking Jesus, emphasizing the divine intervention through the star to lead them to the newborn King of t
John Follette Teachers by John Follette John Follette emphasizes the profound role of teaching in Paul's ministry, highlighting how Paul's missionary work was driven by his passion as a teacher. Early teachers introduced
W.R. Inge Precept and Practice by W.R. Inge W.R. Inge emphasizes the value of having one master who embodies a life of wisdom and virtue over a thousand masters who are experts in reading and knowledge. He points out that wh
David Wilkerson Zadok and Abaithar Priesthoods - Part 2 by David Wilkerson In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of being a Bible preacher and encourages others to do the same. He highlights the power of using both the eye and ear to conv
Zac Poonen God Is a Good Father - 3. a Father Who Rebukes and Disciplines Us by Zac Poonen This sermon emphasizes the importance of receiving God's discipline and rebuke as a means to partake in His holiness. It contrasts self-manufactured holiness, which can lead to pri
James Malachi Jennings Uzziah's Pride - Famous King to Excluded Leper by James Jennings by James Malachi Jennings This sermon delves into the life of King Uzziah from 2 Chronicles 26, highlighting his journey from seeking God and prospering to falling into pride and facing the consequences. It

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate