1 Chronicles 18:3
1 Chronicles 18:3 in Multiple Translations
As far as Hamath, David also defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah, who had marched out to establish his dominion along the Euphrates River.
¶ And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates.
And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to establish his dominion by the river Euphrates.
Then David overcame Hadadezer, king of Zobah, near Hamath, when he was going to make his power seen by the river Euphrates.
David then defeated Hadadezer, king of Zobah, near Hamath, as he tried to enforce his control along the Euphrates River.
And Dauid smote Hadarezer King of Zobah vnto Hamath, as he went to stablish his border by the riuer Perath.
And David smiteth Hadarezer king of Zobah, at Hamath, in his going to establish his power by the river Phrat,
David defeated Hadadezer king of Zobah, toward Hamath, as he went to establish his dominion by the river Euphrates.
And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah to Hamath, as he went to establish his dominion by the river Euphrates.
At that time David defeated also Adarezer king of Soba of the land of Hemath, when he went to extend his dominions as far as the river Euphrates.
David’s army also fought against the army of Hadadezer, the king of the Zobah region in Syria near Hamath city, when Hadadezer was trying to establish control over the area near the Euphrates River.
Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Chronicles 18:3
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
1 Chronicles 18:3 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יַּ֥ךְ
דָּוִ֛יד
אֶת
הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר
מֶֽלֶךְ
צוֹבָ֖ה
חֲמָ֑תָ/ה
בְּ/לֶכְתּ֕/וֹ
לְ/הַצִּ֥יב
יָד֖/וֹ
בִּֽ/נְהַר
פְּרָֽת
וַ/יַּ֥ךְ
nâkâh
H5221
to smite
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
דָּוִ֛יד
Dâvid
H1732
David
N-proper
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר
Hădadʻezer
H1909
Hadadezer
N-proper
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
N-ms
צוֹבָ֖ה
Tsôwbâʼ
H6678
Zobah
N-proper
חֲמָ֑תָ/ה
Chămâth
H2574
Hamath
N-proper | Suff
בְּ/לֶכְתּ֕/וֹ
yâlak
H3212
to walk
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a | Suff
לְ/הַצִּ֥יב
nâtsab
H5324
to stand
Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a
יָד֖/וֹ
yâd
H3027
hand
N-cs | Suff
בִּֽ/נְהַר
nâhâr
H5104
river
Prep | N-ms
פְּרָֽת
Pᵉrâth
H6578
Euphrates
N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Chronicles 18:3
וַ/יַּ֥ךְ
nâkâh
H5221
"to smite"
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to strike or hit something, and it's used in many different ways, like in Exodus when God strikes down the Egyptians. It can also mean to punish or destroy, as seen in Isaiah. The word is used to describe God's judgment.
Definition: 1) to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill 1a)(Niphal) to be stricken or smitten 1b) (Pual) to be stricken or smitten 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to smite, strike, beat, scourge, clap, applaud, give a thrust 1c2) to smite, kill, slay (man or beast) 1c3) to smite, attack, attack and destroy, conquer, subjugate, ravage 1c4) to smite, chastise, send judgment upon, punish, destroy 1d) (Hophal) to be smitten 1d1) to receive a blow 1d2) to be wounded 1d3) to be beaten 1d4) to be (fatally) smitten, be killed, be slain 1d5) to be attacked and captured 1d6) to be smitten (with disease) 1d7) to be blighted (of plants)
Usage: Occurs in 461 OT verses. KJV: beat, cast forth, clap, give (wounds), [idiom] go forward, [idiom] indeed, kill, make (slaughter), murderer, punish, slaughter, slay(-er, -ing), smite(-r, -ing), strike, be stricken, (give) stripes, [idiom] surely, wound. See also: Genesis 4:15; Joshua 10:20; 1 Samuel 29:5.
דָּוִ֛יד
Dâvid
H1732
"David"
N-proper
David was the youngest son of Jesse and a king of Judah, first mentioned in Ruth 4:17, and an ancestor of Jesus.
Definition: A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17; son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I); brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339); father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N) Also named: Daueid, Dauid, Dabid (Δαυείδ, Δαυίδ, Δαβίδ "David" G1138) § David = "beloved" youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel
Usage: Occurs in 912 OT verses. KJV: David. See also: Ruth 4:17; 1 Samuel 20:41; 1 Samuel 27:9.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר
Hădadʻezer
H1909
"Hadadezer"
N-proper
Hadadezer was a Syrian king who ruled over Zobah, and his name means Hadad is help. He was defeated by David's army, as recorded in 2 Samuel 8:3, and was the son of Rehob.
Definition: A man of Zobah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.3; son of: Rehob (H7340I) § Hadadezer = "Hadad is help" son of Rehob, a king of Syria-Zobah defeated by David's army
Usage: Occurs in 18 OT verses. KJV: Hadadezer. Compare H1928 (הֲדַרְעֶזֶר). See also: 2 Samuel 8:3; 1 Kings 11:23; 1 Chronicles 19:19.
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
צוֹבָ֖ה
Tsôwbâʼ
H6678
"Zobah"
N-proper
Zobah was a region in Syria, mentioned in 1 Samuel 14:47, where King Saul fought battles. It was a separate kingdom during the times of Saul, David, and Solomon.
Definition: Zoba or Zobah = "station" the name of a portion of Syria which formed a separate kingdom in the times of Saul, David, and Solomon; located northeast of Damascus Another name of tso.va (צוֹבָא "Zobah" H6678G)
Usage: Occurs in 12 OT verses. KJV: Zoba, Zobah. See also: 1 Samuel 14:47; 2 Samuel 23:36; 1 Chronicles 19:6.
חֲמָ֑תָ/ה
Chămâth
H2574
"Hamath"
N-proper | Suff
Hamath is an ancient city in Syria, mentioned in 2 Kings as a key location. It was a major city in the region, known for its fortress.
Definition: § Hamath = "fortress" the principle city of upper Syria in the valley of the Orontes
Usage: Occurs in 33 OT verses. KJV: Hamath, Hemath. See also: Numbers 13:21; 1 Chronicles 18:9; Isaiah 10:9.
בְּ/לֶכְתּ֕/וֹ
yâlak
H3212
"to walk"
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a | Suff
To walk or go, this verb means to move from one place to another, used literally or figuratively, as in to live or die, or to lead someone.
Definition: 1) to go, walk, come 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away 1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.) 1b) (Hiphil) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
Usage: Occurs in 936 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] again, away, bear, bring, carry (away), come (away), depart, flow, [phrase] follow(-ing), get (away, hence, him), (cause to, made) go (away, -ing, -ne, one's way, out), grow, lead (forth), let down, march, prosper, [phrase] pursue, cause to run, spread, take away (-journey), vanish, (cause to) walk(-ing), wax, [idiom] be weak. See also: Genesis 3:14; Exodus 5:8; Deuteronomy 28:14.
לְ/הַצִּ֥יב
nâtsab
H5324
"to stand"
Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a
To stand or station oneself, either physically or as an appointed official. This word is used in various contexts, including setting up a monument or establishing a leader. It can also mean to stand firm or be established in a position.
Definition: 1) to stand, take one's stand, stand upright, be set (over), establish 1a) (Niphal) 1a1) to station oneself, take one's stand 1a2) to stand, be stationed 1a3) to stand, take an upright position 1a4) to be stationed, be appointed 1a5) deputy, prefect, appointed, deputed (subst) 1a6) to stand firm 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to station, set 1b2) to set up, erect 1b3) to cause to stand erect 1b4) to fix, establish 1c) (Hophal) to be fixed, be determined, be stationary
Usage: Occurs in 75 OT verses. KJV: appointed, deputy, erect, establish, [idiom] Huzzah (by mistake for a proper name), lay, officer, pillar, present, rear up, set (over, up), settle, sharpen, establish, (make to) stand(-ing, still, up, upright), best state. See also: Genesis 18:2; 1 Samuel 15:12; Psalms 39:6.
יָד֖/וֹ
yâd
H3027
"hand"
N-cs | Suff
In the Bible, 'yad' refers to an open hand, symbolizing power or direction. It can also mean strength or a part of something, like a side or a share. The word is used in many contexts, including anatomy and everyday life.
Definition: : hand/arm[anatomy] 1) hand 1a) hand (of man) 1b) strength, power (fig.) 1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.) 1d) (various special, technical senses) 1d1) sign, monument 1d2) part, fractional part, share 1d3) time, repetition 1d4) axle-trees, axle 1d5) stays, support (for laver) 1d6) tenons (in tabernacle) 1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure) 1d8) wrists
Usage: Occurs in 1446 OT verses. KJV: ([phrase] be) able, [idiom] about, [phrase] armholes, at, axletree, because of, beside, border, [idiom] bounty, [phrase] broad, (broken-) handed, [idiom] by, charge, coast, [phrase] consecrate, [phrase] creditor, custody, debt, dominion, [idiom] enough, [phrase] fellowship, force, [idiom] from, hand(-staves, -y work), [idiom] he, himself, [idiom] in, labour, [phrase] large, ledge, (left-) handed, means, [idiom] mine, ministry, near, [idiom] of, [idiom] order, ordinance, [idiom] our, parts, pain, power, [idiom] presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay, draw with strength, stroke, [phrase] swear, terror, [idiom] thee, [idiom] by them, [idiom] themselves, [idiom] thine own, [idiom] thou, through, [idiom] throwing, [phrase] thumb, times, [idiom] to, [idiom] under, [idiom] us, [idiom] wait on, (way-) side, where, [phrase] wide, [idiom] with (him, me, you), work, [phrase] yield, [idiom] yourselves. See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 7:19; Leviticus 14:22.
בִּֽ/נְהַר
nâhâr
H5104
"river"
Prep | N-ms
In the Bible, a river symbolizes prosperity, like the Nile or Euphrates, and is often used figuratively. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing the life-giving waters of the Promised Land. This word is also used to describe underground streams.
Definition: 1) stream, river 1a) stream, river 1b) (underground) streams Aramaic equivalent: ne.har (נְהַר "river" H5103H)
Usage: Occurs in 108 OT verses. KJV: flood, river. See also: Genesis 2:10; Psalms 93:3; Psalms 24:2.
פְּרָֽת
Pᵉrâth
H6578
"Euphrates"
N-proper
The Euphrates River is the largest and longest in western Asia, flowing from the Armenian mountains to the Persian Gulf. It symbolizes fruitfulness and is mentioned in the Bible as a significant landmark.
Definition: § Euphrates = "fruitfulness" the largest and longest river of western Asia; rises from two chief sources in the Armenian mountains and flows into the Persian Gulf
Usage: Occurs in 19 OT verses. KJV: Euphrates. See also: Genesis 2:14; 1 Chronicles 18:3; Jeremiah 13:4.
Study Notes — 1 Chronicles 18:3
Show Verse Quote Highlights
Context — David’s Triumphs
1Some time later, David defeated the Philistines, subdued them, and took Gath and its villages from the hand of the Philistines.
2David also defeated the Moabites, and they became subject to David and brought him tribute.
3As far as Hamath, David also defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah, who had marched out to establish his dominion along the Euphrates River.
4David captured from him a thousand chariots, seven thousand charioteers, and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and he hamstrung all the horses except a hundred he kept for the chariots. 5When the Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, David struck down twenty-two thousand of their men.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalms 60:1 | You have rejected us, O God; You have broken us; You have been angry; restore us! |
| 2 | 2 Samuel 8:3 | David also defeated Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah, who had marched out to restore his dominion along the Euphrates River. |
| 3 | Genesis 15:18 | On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land—from the river of Egypt to the great River Euphrates— |
| 4 | 2 Samuel 10:6 | When the Ammonites realized that they had become a stench to David, they hired twenty thousand Aramean foot soldiers from Beth-rehob and Zoba, as well as a thousand men from the king of Maacah and twelve thousand men from Tob. |
| 5 | Exodus 23:31 | And I will establish your borders from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the Euphrates. For I will deliver the inhabitants into your hand, and you will drive them out before you. |
| 6 | 1 Samuel 14:47 | After Saul had assumed the kingship over Israel, he fought against all his enemies on every side—the Moabites, the Ammonites, the Edomites, the kings of Zobah, and the Philistines. Wherever he turned, he routed them. |
1 Chronicles 18:3 Summary
This verse tells us that David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah, who had marched out to establish his dominion along the Euphrates River, as seen in 1 Chronicles 18:3. This shows that God was with David and gave him victory over his enemies, just like He promised in Deuteronomy 31:6. It also reminds us that God is sovereign over all nations and is always in control, as seen in Psalm 103:19. As we reflect on this verse, we can trust that God will give us the strength and courage we need to face our own challenges and battles, just like He did for David, as seen in 1 Samuel 30:6.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was King Hadadezer of Zobah and why was he significant in the Bible?
King Hadadezer of Zobah was a powerful king who marched out to establish his dominion along the Euphrates River, but was defeated by David, as seen in 1 Chronicles 18:3, demonstrating God's sovereignty and David's trust in Him, similar to the trust seen in Psalm 20:7.
What was the significance of the Euphrates River in the Bible?
The Euphrates River was a significant location in the Bible, marking the eastern boundary of the Promised Land, as seen in Genesis 15:18, and was also a symbol of God's power and control over all nations, as seen in Revelation 16:12.
Why did David defeat King Hadadezer and what was the outcome?
David defeated King Hadadezer because he had marched out to establish his dominion along the Euphrates River, and the outcome was that David captured many chariots, charioteers, and foot soldiers, as seen in 1 Chronicles 18:4, demonstrating God's favor and blessing on David's military campaigns, similar to the victories seen in 2 Samuel 8:1-14.
How does this verse relate to the overall theme of 1 Chronicles?
This verse relates to the overall theme of 1 Chronicles, which is to show God's sovereignty and faithfulness to His people, particularly in the life of David, as seen in 1 Chronicles 17:1-15, and to demonstrate how God fulfilled His promises to David and the nation of Israel, as seen in 2 Samuel 7:1-17.
Reflection Questions
- What does this verse reveal about David's trust in God and his obedience to God's will?
- How does this verse demonstrate God's power and control over all nations, and what implications does this have for our lives today?
- What can we learn from David's military victories, and how can we apply these lessons to our own spiritual battles, as seen in Ephesians 6:10-18?
- How does this verse fit into the larger narrative of the Bible, and what does it reveal about God's plan of redemption and salvation, as seen in Isaiah 46:10?
Gill's Exposition on 1 Chronicles 18:3
See Gill "1 Chronicles 18:1".
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Chronicles 18:3
And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates.
Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 18:3
(3) Hadarezer.—Samuel, “Hadadezer” (Hadad is help), which is correct. Hadad was a Syrian god, identical with Dadda (Rimmon), worshipped from the Euphrates to Edom and North Arabia. Comp. the royal names Benhadad and Abdadad (i.e., servant of Hadad, like Obadiah, servant of Iahu), which last occurs on Syrian coins, and the Notes on 2 Kings 5:18; 1 Chronicles 1:46. Samuel adds. “son of Rehob.” Zobah unto Hamath.—Rather, Zobah towards Hamath. The word (Hãmáthâh; not in Samuel) defines the position of Zobah. (Comp. 2 Samuel 8:8; Ezekiel 47:16.) The town of Zobah lay somewhere near Emesa (Horns), and not far from the present Yabrûd, north-east of Damascus. (The Assyrian monarch Assurbanipal mentions the towns of Yabrudu and Cubiti—i.e., Zobah—in his Annals.) Its kings are spoken of in 1 Samuel 14:47. Hadadezer appears to have brought the whole country under a single sceptre. Hamath.—See 1 Chronicles 13:5, and 2 Chronicles 8:4. The town lay in the valley of the Upper Orontes, west of Zobah, and north of Hermon and Damascus.
As he (Hadadezer) went.—The occasion intended appears to be that whereof the particulars are given at 1 Chronicles 19:16-19. To stablish his dominion.—Heb., to set up his hand—i.e., “his power.” Samuel has a different word, to recover his power, or repeat his attack. The river Euphrates.—The Hebrew text of Samuel has “the river.” Our text explains.
Cambridge Bible on 1 Chronicles 18:3
3. Hadarezer] So spelt in 2 Samuel 10:16-19, but in 2 Samuel 8:3-12, Hadadezer, the right form (as inscriptions shew). Zobah unto Hamath] Render as R.V. mg. Zobah by Hamath, the position of Zobah being fixed by the note that it was near Hamath. Hamath] The modern Hama on the Orontes, midway between Antioch and Damascus, but somewhat further to the E. than either. Bädeker, p. 396; Kirkpatrick on 2 Samuel 8:9. as he went to stablish his dominion] He refers to David. 2 Samuel 8:3 reads, to recover his dominion (R.V.). Saul had probably gained some dominion on the Euphrates in his war with Zobah (1 Samuel 14:47), which was lost in the confusion which followed his death. David now recovers it.
Sermons on 1 Chronicles 18:3
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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The Testimony of a Fixed Heart by Carter Conlon | In this sermon, the focus is on Psalm 108 and the situation described in it. The speaker highlights the fear and sense of abandonment expressed in the psalm, suggesting that it ref |
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Money, Mules and Travel by Carter Conlon | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of reaching out to the lost and sharing the message of salvation. He highlights that the purpose of the church is to bring pe |
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Oh Restore Us Again by Shane Idleman | Shane Idleman emphasizes the importance of honest communication with God during times of despair, as reflected in Psalms 60 and 61. He encourages believers to express their feeling |
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Exposition on Psalm 61 by St. Augustine | St. Augustine preaches about the unity of believers in Christ, emphasizing that as members of His Body, we should see His voice in the Psalms as our own, crying out from the ends o |
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Psalm 60 by Henry Law | Henry Law preaches on the contrast between prosperity and adversity, emphasizing how past miseries can lead to a deeper appreciation of God's favor and victories. David's prayer re |
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Genesis #13 Ch. 14-15 Contrast of Abraham and Lot by Chuck Missler | In this sermon on Genesis chapters 14 and 15, Chuck Misler explores the relationship between Abraham and Lot. He introduces the concept of the law of first mention, which suggests |
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Abraham - Only God Matters by A.W. Tozer | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the weight and responsibility of preaching the word of God. He expresses the need for prayers and acknowledges the challenges and effort tha |