Muslims

The term "Muslims" does not appear in the Bible, as Islam emerged in the 7th century AD, long after the biblical texts were written. However, the Bible does reference various peoples and nations that can be interpreted in relation to historical contexts that include the rise of Islam. For instance, the descendants of Ishmael, Abraham's son through Hagar, are often associated with Arab peoples, and by extension, Muslims, given that Islam identifies itself with Abraham through Ishmael (Genesis 16:10-12; Genesis 21:9-21).Furthermore, some scholars draw parallels between biblical prophecies and the rise of Islam, viewing the expansion of Islamic empires as significant in the context of biblical eschatology. For instance, certain interpretations of Daniel's visions about kingdoms and empires can be seen as encompassing the Islamic conquests that reshaped the Middle Eastern landscape. While the Bible does not directly address Muslims, the narrative of God's relationship with humanity includes various nations and peoples, including those who would later identify with Islam.