ἄρα (1), an illative particle (akin, as it seems, to the verbal root ἈΡΩ to join, to be fitted (cf. Curtius, § 488; Vanicek, p. 47)), whose use among native Greeks is illustrated fully by Kühner, ii., §§ 509, 545; (Jelf, §§ 787-789), and Klotz ad Devar. ii., pp. 160-180, among others; (for a statement of diverse views see Bäumlein, Griech. Partikeln, p. 19f). It intimates that, under these circumstances something either is so or becomes so (Klotz, the passage cited, p. 167): Latinigitur, consequently (differing from οὖν in 'denoting a subjective impression rather than a positive conclusion.' Liddell and Scott (see 5 below)). In the N. T. it is used frequently by Paul, but in the writings of John and in the so-called Catholic Epistles it does not occur. On its use in the N. T. cf. Winer's Grammar, §§ 53, 8 a. and 61, 6. It is found: 1. subjoined to another word: Rom_7:21; Rom_8:1; Gal_3:7; ἐπεί ἄρα since, if it were otherwise, 1Co_7:14; (, cf. Buttmann, § 149, 5). When placed after pronouns and interrogative particles, it refers to a preceding assertion or fact, or even to something existing only in the mind: τίς ἄρα who then? Mat_18:1 (i. e. one certainly will be the greater, who then?); Mat_19:25 (i. e. certainly some will be saved; you say that the rich will not; who then?); Mat_19:27; Mat_24:45 (I bid you be ready; who then etc.? the question follows from this command of mine); Mar_4:41; Luk_1:66 (from all these things doubtless something follows; what, then?); Luk_8:25; Luk_12:42; Luk_22:23 (it will be one of us, which then?); Act_12:18 (Peter has disappeared; what, then, has become of him?). εἰ ἄρα, Mar_11:13 (whether, since the tree had leaves, he might also find some fruit on it); Act_7:1 (Rec.) (ἄρα equivalent to 'since the witnesses testify thus'); Act_8:22 (if, since thy sin is so grievous, perhaps the thought etc.); εἴπερ ἄρα, 1Co_15:15, (ΰΔνΞπΘΰ, εἰ ἄρα, Gen_18:3). Οὐκ ἄρα, Act_21:38 (thou hast a knowledge of Greek; art thou not then the Egyptian, as I suspected?); μήτι ἄρα (Latinnumigitur), did I then etc., 2Co_1:17. 2. By a use doubtful in Greek writings (cf. Buttmann, 371 (318); (Winers Grammar, 558 (519))) it is placed at the beginning of a sentence; and so, so then, accordingly, equivalent to ὥστε with a finite verb: ἄρα μαρτυρεῖτε (μάρτυρες ἐστε T Tr WH), Luk_11:48 (Mat_23:31 ὥστε μαρτυρεῖτε); Rom_10:17; 1Co_15:18; 2Co_5:14 (15) (in L T Tr WH no conditional protasis preceding); 2Co_7:12; Gal_4:31 (L T Tr WH διό); Heb_4:9. 3. in an apodosis, after a protasis with εἰ, in order to bring out what follows as a matter of course (German soistja the obvious inference is): Luk_11:20; Mat_12:28; 2Co_5:14(15) (R G, a protasis with εἰ preceding); Gal_2:21; Gal_3:29; Gal_5:11; Heb_12:8; joined to another word, 1Co_15:14. 4. with γέ, rendering it more pointed, ἄραγε (L Tr uniformly ἄρα γέ; so R WH in Act_17:27; cf. Winers Grammar, p. 45; Lipsius Gram. Untersuch., p. 123), surely then, so then (Latinitaqueergo): Mat_7:20; Mat_17:26; Act_11:18 (L T Tr WH omit γέ); and subjoined to a word, Act_17:27 (Winer's Grammar, 299 (281)). 5. ἄρα οὖν, a combination peculiar to Paul, at the beginning of a sentence (Winers Grammar, 445 (414); Buttmann, 371 (318) ("ἄραadinternampotiuscaussamspectat, οὖνmagisadexternam." Klotz ad Devar. ii., p. 717; ἄρα is the more logical, οὖν the more formal connective; "ἄρα is illative, οὖν continuative," Winers, the passage cited; cf. also Kühner, § 545, 3)) (R. V.) so then (Latinhincigitur): Rom_5:18; Rom_7:3; Rom_7:25; Rom_8:12; Rom_9:16; Rom_9:18; Rom_14:12 (L Tr omit WH brackets οὖν); 19 (L marginal reading ἄρα); Gal_6:10; Eph_2:19; 1Th_5:6; 2Th_2:15. STRONGS NT 686: ἄραγε [ἄραγε, see ἄρα, 4.] [a&rage, see ἄρα, 1.]

ἄρα ara 49x a particle which denotes, first, transition from one thing to another by natural sequence; secondly, logical inference; in which case the premises are either expressed, Mat_12:28 , or to be variously supplied, therefore, then, consequently; as a result, Act_17:27

ἄρα , illative particle, expressing a more subjective or informal inference than οὖν , then: prop . (as in c1 .), the second word in the sentence, Rom_7:21 ; Rom_8:1 , Gal_3:7 ; ἐπεί ἄρα , 1Co_7:14 (with another word between) 1Co_5:10 ; as the first word, Luk_11:48 , Act_11:18 , Rom_10:17 , 1Co_15:18 , 2Co_5:15 ; 2Co_7:12 , Heb_4:9 ; so prop , in apodosis after protasis with εἰ , Mat_12:28 , Luk_11:20 , Gal_2:21 ; Gal_3:29 ; Gal_5:11 , Heb_12:8 (κενὸν ἄρα ), 1Co_15:14 ; often in interro\-gations, direct and indirect, τίς (τί ) ἄρα , Mat_18:1 ; Mat_19:25 ; Mat_19:27 ; Mat_24:45 , Mar_4:41 , Luk_1:66 ; Luk_8:25 ; Luk_12:42 ; Luk_22:23 , Act_12:18 ; εἰ ἄρα , Mar_11:13 , Act_8:22 ; εἴπερ ἄρα , 1Co_15:15 ; οὐκ ἄρα , Act_21:38 ; μήτι ἄρα , 2Co_1:17 ; in strengthened forms, ἄρα γε , ἄραγε , Mat_7:20 ; Mat_17:26 , Act_17:27 , and more freq . ἄρα οὖν (Epp. Paul.), so then, Rom_5:18 ; Rom_7:3 ; Rom_7:25 ; Rom_8:12 ; Rom_9:16 ; Rom_9:18 ; Rom_14:12 ; Rom_14:19 Gal_6:10 , Eph_2:19 , 1Th_5:6 , 2Th_2:15 (Bl., § 77, 2; 78, 5; MM , s.v. ).† ἄραγε , see ἄρα .

ἀρά (~ἄρα ) [page 73] A sepulchral inscr. from S.W. Phrygia, C. and B. no. 466 (ii. p. 565), which Ramsay thinks Christian, mainly because of the name Amerimnos, has ἐὰν δέ τις αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῇ τούτων τῶν καταρῶν , τὸ ἀρᾶς δρέπανον εἰσέλθοιτο εἰς τὰς οἰκήσις αὐτῶν καὶ μηδίναν ἐνκαταλείψετο . Here ἀρά might represent κατάρα , by the principle illustrated for verbs in Proleg. p. 115; but this does not apply in the closely similar no. 563 (Akmonia), where Jewish origin is argued. The noun may be quoted from a source where no suspicion of Jewish or Christian influence can come in the end of the great inscr. of Antiochus I. of Commagene, OGIS 383 .236 (i/B.C.), παρανόμωι δὲ γνώμηι κατὰ δαιμόνων τιμῆς καὶ χωρὶς ἡμετέρας ἀρᾶς παρὰ θεῶν ἐχθρὰ πάντα : cf. Magn 105 .53 (ii/B.C.) νό [μοις γ ]ὰρ ἱεροῖς καὶ ἀραῖς καὶ ἐπιτίμοις ἄνωθ̣ε̣ν διεκεκ̣ώλ [υ ]το ἵνα μηθ̣εὶς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ [Διὸς ] . . . [μ ]ήτε ἐννέμῃ κτλ . For ἀρατός see Syll 303 .17 (ii/B.C.), ἀρατὴν ἅμα καὶ σωτήριον [περὶ τῶ ]ν ἀπορουμένων ἀεὶ π [ρο ]τιθέντες γνώμην .

ἄρα, illative particle, expressing a more subjective or informal inference than οὖν, then: prop. (as in cl.), the second word in the sentence, Rom.7:21 8:1, Gal.3:7; ἐπεὶ ἄρα, 1Co.7:14 (with another word between) 5:10; as the first word, Luk.11:48, Act.11:18, Rom.10:17, 1Co.15:18, 2Co.5:15 7:12, Heb.4:9; so prop. in apodosis after protasis with εἰ, Mat.12:28, Luk.11:20, Gal.2:21 3:29 5:11, Heb.12:8 (κενὸν ἄρα), 1Co.15:14; often in interrogations, direct and indirect, τίς (τί) ἄρα, Mat.18:1 19:25, 27 24:45, Mrk.4:41, Luk.1:66 8:25 12:42 22:23, Act.12:18; εἰ ἄρα, Mrk.11:13, Act.8:22; εἴπερ ἄρα, 1Co.15:15; οὐκ ἄρα, Act.21:38; μήτι ἄρα, 2Co.1:17; in strengthened forms, ἄρα γε, ἄραγε, Mat.7:20 17:26, Act.17:27, and more frequently ἄρα οὖν (Epp. Paul.), so then, Rom.5:18 7:3, 25 8:12 9:16, 18 14:19, Gal.6:10, Eph.2:19, 1Th.5:6, 2Th.2:15 (Bl., §77, 2; 78, 5; MM, see word).† (AS)