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Home › Strong's Concordance › Strong's Greek Dictionary › G5467: χαλεπός (chalepós)

G5467 χαλεπός (chalepós)

Greek 📖 Greek Word Study
Adjective
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Quick Definition

χαλεπός, ή, όν Adj hard, harsh, fierce

Strong's Definition

difficult, i.e. dangerous, or (by implication) furious

Derivation: perhaps from G5465 (χαλάω) through the idea of reducing the strength;

KJV Usage: fierce, perilous

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

χαλεπός (G5467)

adjc. | -ή, -όν

22.29 · Trouble, Hardship, Relief, Favorable Circumstances · Difficult, Hard

troublous, distressful, violent pertaining to that which causes trouble and hardship, with an implication of violence It may be very difficult in some languages to speak of ‘troublous times,’ for ‘trouble’ seems to relate to human experience and not to circumstances. Therefore, this expression in 2TI 3:1 can perhaps be best rendered in some languages as ‘in the last days, people will suffer very much.’

2TI 3:1

20.2 · Violence, Harm, Destroy, Kill · Violence

dangerous, fierce pertaining to one who is inclined to violent and dangerous activity

MAT 8:28

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

χαλεπός, -7, -dv, (fr. χαλέπτω to oppress, annoy, [(?)]), fr. Hom. down, hard (Lat. difficilis) ; a. hard to do, b. hard to bear, troublesome, καιροὶ χαλεποί, [R.V. grievous], 2 Tim. iii. 1 ; harsh, fierce, savage: of men, Mt. viii. 28 (Is. xviii. 2 and often in prof. auth. fr. Hom. down).

Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary

χαλεπός chalepos 2x

hard, rugged; furious, ferocious, Mt. 8:28; difficult, trying, 2 Tim. 3:1*

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

χαλεπός, -ή, -όν

[in LXX: Is 18:2 (נוֺרָא), Wi 3:19, Si 3:21, al. ;]

hard;

hard to do or deal with, difficult;

hard to bear, painful, grievous: καιροί, II Ti 3:1;

of persons, hard to deal with, harsh, fierce, savage: Mt 8:28.†

Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT

χαλεπός, “hard,” ‘‘ difficult,” : cf. P Oxy X. 124235 (early iii/a.D.), an account of an audience granted by Trajan to certain Greek and Jewish envoys from Alexandria, when the Emperor does not return the salute of the Alexandrian envoys but exclaims—xauper(feré pe ὡς ἄξειοι τυγχάνοντ[ες] τοῦ χαίρειν, τοιαῦτα χαλεπὰ τολμήσαντε[-ς] ᾿Ιουδαίοις ; ‘do you give me greeting like men deserving to receive one, when you are guilty of such outrages to the Jews?” (Edd.) : see also Sy// 356 (=* 780)3 (c. B.C. 6) αὐτοῖς ἐδόξ[ατε χαλεποὶ γεγονέναι, where the adj. = “harsh,’’ “ fierce,” as in Mt 838,

Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon

χαλεπός (chalepos) — harsh. χαλεπ-ός, ή, όν, difficult (ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I. in reference to the feelings, hard to bear, painful, grievous (so frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - ώτερα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; νόσος, πλάνη, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο [Refs 5th c.BC+]; [θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ., of ill-fitting cuirasses, [Refs 5th c.BC+] the severity of the wind, [Refs]; τὰ χ. hardships, opposed to τὰ τερπνά, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: comparative, more unpleasant, [Refs 4th c.AD+]

I.2. hard to do or deal with, difficult, irksome, -ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά proverbial cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+], attributed to Solon by Scholia (at [prev. work]); χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος [Refs 5th c.BC+]infinitive active or middle, χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι, = {χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι}, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; χαλεπὸν δέ τ᾽ ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ] [Refs 8th c.BC+]; χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: also with infinitive passive, χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλεπόν [ἐστι] with infinitive, 'tis hard, difficult to do, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; with accusative et infinitive, 'tis difficult for one to do.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with dative et infinitive, [Refs 8th c.BC+]

I.3. dangerous, λιμένες [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.4. of ground, difficult, rugged, χωρία χ. καὶ πετρώδη [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χωρίον -ώτατον a place most difficult to take, [Refs]

II. of persons, hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern (opposed to πρᾷος, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; -ώτερος a more bitter enemy, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; -ώτατοι most difficult to deal with, most dangerous or troublesome, [Refs 4th c.BC+]: with dative person, cruel or harsh towards one, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II. b of words, χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; χ. ὀνείδεα, ὁμοκλαί, [Refs 8th c.BC+]

II. c especially of judges, ἦν τὸ δίκαιον φυλάσσων χ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; νόμοι [Refs 4th c.BC+]

II. d savage, fierce, κύνες [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of bees, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; [θηρία] χ. τὰς φύσεις [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. ill-tempered, testy, χ. ὢν καὶ δύσκολος [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλεπῇ τῇ χειρί with a rough hand, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. of plants, hurtful to the soil, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B adverb -πῶς hardly, with difficulty, διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον [Refs 8th c.BC+] οὐ or μὴ χ. without much ado, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.2 hardly, scarcely, δοκέω.. χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρσῃσι μάχεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.3 χ. ἔχει, ={χαλεπόν ἐστι}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.4 painfully, miserably, -ώτερον ζῆν [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.II of persons, angrily, cruelly, harshly, χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χ. φέρειν τι take it ill, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the laws [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.II.2 frequently in the phrase χ. ἔχειν to be angry, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τινι with one, [Refs 5th c.BC+] χ. ἔχειν τισὶν ἐπί τινι with persons for a thing, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.II.2.b χ. ἔχειν, also, to be in a bad way, χ. ἔχω ὑπὸ τοῦ πότου [Refs 5th c.BC+]— Beside the regular comparative χαλεπώτερον [Refs 5th c.BC+] we have -ωτέρως[Refs 5th c.BC+]: superlative -ώτατα[Refs 5th c.BC+]

STEPBible — Tyndale Abridged Greek Lexicon

χαλεπός, -ή, -όν [in LXX: Isa.18:2 (יָרֵא), Wis.3:19, Sir.3:21, al. ;] hard; __(a) hard to do or deal with, difficult; __(b) hard to bear, painful, grievous: καιροί, 2Ti.3:1; __(with) of persons, hard to deal with, harsh, fierce, savage: Mat.8:28.† (AS)

Bible Occurrences (2)

8:28
3:1

📖 Greek Word Study — In-Depth Study from Precept Austin

Difficult (5467) chalepos

Difficult (5467) (chalepos Thayer says is from chalepto = to oppress, annoy) when referring to times means difficult, hard to bear, troublesome, hard, perilous and when referring people means fierce, violent dangerous, savage. This second use (the only other NT use) by Luke describes two demon possessed men as violent ("fierce", "savage", "dangerous") (Mt 8:28)! Webster says "fierce" is violently hostile or aggressive in temperament, given to fighting or killing, extremely vexatious, furiously active or determined, wild or menacing appearance, and applies to humans and animals that inspire terror because of their wild and menacing aspect or fury in attack. This picture should give one a good sense of the character of the "times" and they will only go from bad to worse so don't be shocked! Wiersbe offers the interesting thought that the use of chalepos to describe demons and last days "suggests that the violence of the last times will be energized by demons." (1Ti4:1) Ancient secular writers used chalepos to describe an ill-fitting cuirass (piece of armor covering the body from neck to waist), the "severity" of the wind, and of "hardships" or "sufferings". One ancient writer used chalepos to describe "life" saying "life is a hard thing"! Other secular uses described individuals as hard to deal with, harsh, severe, stern or strict, or a a judge as severe or an animal as savage. Plutarch used chalepos to describe an ugly, infected, and dangerous wound! Timothy (and all saints) needed to know that the world would become increasingly violent, hard to bear, dangerous and even savage. Vance Havner says that our day is one of anarchy in the world, of apostasy in the church and of apathy in the individual believer. Vine says that "In the present passage it (chalepos) intimates the difficulty of keeping to the path of rectitude." Hard, difficult to bear, distressing and grievous seasons are coming Timothy. To expect these times is to become not a pessimist but a realist. Calvin reminds us that what Paul is describing is not so much bad times but bad people, writing that “We should note what the hardness or danger of this time is in Paul’s view to be, not war, not famine or diseases, nor any of the other calamities or ills that befall the body, but the wicked and depraved ways of men.... He goes on to say that "Paul, therefore informs (Timothy), that the Church will be subject to terrible diseases, which will require in the pastors uncommon fidelity, diligence, watchfulness, prudence, and unwearied constancy; as if he enjoined Timothy to prepare for arduous and deeply anxious contests which awaited him. And hence we learn, that, so far from giving way, or being terrified, on account of any difficulties whatsoever, we ought, on the contrary. to arouse our hearts for resistance. In short, the “last days” will be fierce, violent, dangerous and frightening. The last days will be savage times when men cast off all moral restraint and society begins to disintegrate. Will come (enistemi from en = in + hÃstemi = stand) means to set in, to be at hand, to happen, with the implication of there being a particular set of circumstances (“shall be imminent” “shall come unexpectedly”). The idea is that these difficult times will "settle in upon" Timothy and upon all saints in these "last days"..

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