G4388 προτίθεμαι (protíthemai)

Greek 📖 Greek Word Study

Verb

Quick Definition

προτίθεμαι v. I purpose, design beforehand

Strong's Definition

to place before, i.e. (for oneself) to exhibit; (to oneself) to propose (determine)

Derivation: middle voice from G4253 (πρό) and G5087 (τίθημι);

KJV Usage: purpose, set forth

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

προτίθημι (G4388) — προτίθεμαι

verb | τίθημι

30.62 · (προτίθεμαι[a]) · Think · To Intend, To Purpose, To Plan

to plan beforehand, to purpose, to intend to formulate a future course of action

ROM 1:13 · EPH 1:9

13.15 · (προτίθεμαι[b]) · Be, Become, Exist, Happen · State

to cause to be, to bring forth, to offer to cause a manifest state or condition of someone or something

ROM 3:25

¹ προτίθεμαι[a] is similar in meaning to βούλομαι[b] and βουλεύομαι[a] (30.56) with perhaps, however, some additional emphasis upon prior planning. βούλομαι[b] and βουλεύομαι[a] also imply some prior thought by virtue of their meaning to plan.

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

προ-τίθημι : 2 aor. mid. προεθέμην; [fr. Hom. down]; 1. to place before, to set forth, (cf. mpd, ἃ. a.]; spec. to set forth to be looked at, expose to view: Ex. xl.4; 4 Mace. viii. 11; Ael. ν. ἢ. 14, 8; and often in the mid. in this sense: ποτήρια ἀργύρεά τε καὶ χρύσεα, his own cups, Hdt. 3, 148; fo expose to public view, in which sense it is the technical term with profane authors in speaking of the bodies of the dead, [70 let lie in state], (cf. Passow s. v. I. 2; [L. and 8.s. v. II. 1]; Stallbaum on Plat. Phaedo p. 115 e.; [Kriiger on Thue. 2, 34, 1]); the mid. points to the owner of the thing exposed: so with τινά and a pred. ace. Ro. ili. 25 (the mid. seems to denote that it was his own Son whom he thus “set forth”; ef. viii. 32). 2: Mid. to set before one’s self, propose to one’s self; to purpose, determine, (Plato, Polyb., al.) : foll. by the inf. Ro. i. 13; with an ace. of the thing and ἐν αὐτῷ [(sic) ; see αὑτοῦ] added, in himself (W. § 38, 6; [cf. p. 152 (144)]), Eph. i. 9; [al. (reading ἐν αὐτῷ with L T Tr WIT) render ‘in him,’ i. e. (probably) Christ].

Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary

προτίθημι protithēmi 3x

to place before; to set forth, propose publicly, Rom. 3:25; mid. προτίθεμαι, to purpose, determine, design beforehand, Rom. 1:13; Eph. 1:9*

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

προ-τίθημι,

[in LXX: Ex 40:4, 23, Le 24:8 (ערךְ) Ps 53 (54):3 (שׂוּם), etc.;]

to set before, set forth publicly; so also in mid.: c. acc. pers., Ro 3:25 (for a suggested alt. rend., v. MM, xxii).

Mid., to set before oneself, propose, purpose: c. inf., Ro 1:13; c. acc. rei, Eph 1:9.†

Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT

προτίθημι is very common in the papyri = “‘ proclaim,’’ ‘‘set forth” publicly, an edict or notice, e.g. P Oxy I. 34 versoili 14 (ap. 127) προτεθήτω, ‘let this edict be publicly issued ’’ (Edd.), 7. VIIL. 11007 (A.D, 206) διατάγματος προτεθέντος ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἐν τῇ λαμπροτάτ[ῃ πόλει τῶν ᾿Αλεξανδρέων] ἀντίγραφον, 76. XIV. 1633%? (A.D. 275) δημίοσίᾳ) προετέθ(η. Cf. P Tor I. 1.6 (p.c. 116) ἐνέβαλον ἔντευξιν els τὸ προτεθὲν (‘ expositum’’) tm αὐτῶν ἀγγεῖον (‘‘vas’’) ἐν τῇ Διοσπόλει,

Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon

προτίθημι (protithēmi) — to plan/present. προτίθημι (also thematic forms, 3rd.pers. singular προτιθεῖ [Refs 5th c.BC+], 3rd.pers. plural προτιθεῖσι [Refs], future -θήσω[Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist προὔθηκα [Refs 8th c.BC+] —middle (see. below):—passive, aorist 1 προὐτέθην [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but present and imperfect passive are usually supplied by πρόκειμαι:—set before, set out, especially of meals, τραπέζας νίζον καὶ πρότιθεν (Epic dialect for προὐτίθεσαν) [Refs 8th c.BC+]:—middle, set before oneself, have set before one, δαῖτα [Refs 1st c.AD+]; also προτίθεσθαί τισι ἄριστον cause it to be set before them, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __b π. τινὰ κυσίν throw him to the dogs, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τινὰ θηρσὶν ἁρπαγὴν π. [Refs 5th c.BC+] __c hand over for burial, τινά τινι [Refs 5th c.BC+]

2. expose a child, [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, ὁ θανάτῳ προτεθείς [Refs 5th c.BC+]

3. set up, institute, propose, especially of contests, ἅμιλλαν λόγων [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄπορον αἵρεσιν offer a choice, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

3. b set up as a mark or prize, στέφανόν τισι τῶν ἀγώνων [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, προὐτέθην ἐγὼ ἆθλον.. δορός [Refs 5th c.BC+]

3. c set as a penalty, θάνατον ζημίαν π. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τιμωρίας ἔτι μείζους οὐ μέχρι τοῦ δικαίου[Refs 5th c.BC+]

4. fix, set, ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα οὖρον τῆς ζόης ἀνθρώπῳ π. [Refs] —middle; οὖρον π. ἐνιαυτόν[Refs]

5. appoint as a task or duty, τινί τι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δμῳαῖς π. πένθος οἰκεῖον στένειν[Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, propose to oneself as a task or object, ὅπερ προὐθέμεθα σκέψασθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]

5. b middle, with future infinitive, propose to oneself, intend, προτεθειμένου κατοικήσειν ἐνταῦθα [Refs 2nd c.BC+]

6. middle, also, put forth on one's own part, display, show, εὐλάβειαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]

7. middle, θνητοὺς ἐν οἴκτῳ προθέμενος setting before oneself in pity, feeling compassion for, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

8. advance money, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τὸ διδόμενον ἆθλον ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου αὐτὸς προέθηκεν ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου [Refs 1st c.BC+]; τισὶν τῶν πολιτῶν εἰς λύτρα προτιθείς [Refs 2nd c.BC+]

II. π. νεκρόν lay out a dead body, let it lie in state, [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. set out wares for show or sale, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

II.3. display a public notice, τὸ λεύκωμα πρὸ τοῦ ναοῦ [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς τῆς οἰκίας π. ἐν λευκώματι [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; τὸ ὑπογεγραμμένον ἔκθεμα [Refs 1st c.AD+]; notify publicly, τοὺς [προέδρους] προτιθέναι περὶ ὧν δεῖ βουλεύεσθαι [Refs 4th c.BC+]; περὶ ὧν.. οἱ ἄρχοντες προτίθεισι [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὰς πράξεις (exactions).. τῶν προτιθεμένων (passive) κατὰ τὰς ἐγγραφάς [Refs 4th c.BC+]; call a case for trial by means of a public notice, τῶν κατ᾽ αὐτοὺς προτεθέντων [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; οἱ προτεθέντες ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ καὶ μὴ ὑπακούσαντες ἴστωσαν ὅτι.. [Refs 1st c.AD+]; advertise for sale or other purpose, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; τοῖς συλλημψομένοις ὑμῖν γέρα προτιθέντα advertising rewards to those of you who apprehend (robbers), [Refs 3rd c.AD+]

II.4. propose, bring forward a thing to be examined and debated, also give an opportunity for debate, voting, ἐς μέσον σφι π. πρῆγμα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. λόγον (i.e. εἰς ἐκκλησίαν) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γνώμας π. αὖθις Ἀθηναίοις, of the Prytanes, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὴν διαγνώμην αὖθις περὶ Μυτιληναίων[Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. βουλὴν εἴτε.. εἴτε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; προθεῖναι αὖθις περὶ Μυτιληναίων λέγειν propose a discussion about.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. αὐτοῖς κρίσιν appoint a trial for them, [Refs 5th c.BC+] has proposed (or initiated) a recital of what each has done, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with dative person et infinitive, [Refs]: with accusative et infinitive, π. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι τὸν βουλόμενον [Refs]:—middle, ἤν τις προθῆται ψῆφον, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι τὸν νόμον τοῦτον [Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, οὐ προὐτέθη σφίσι λόγος speech was not allowed them, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.5. convene a meeting, προὔθεσαν οἱ πρυτάνεις ἐκκλησίαν [Refs 2nd c.AD+]:—middle, σύγκλητον τήνδε γερόντων προὔθετο λέσχην [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. put forward, as one foot before the other, βραδύπουν ἤλυσιν ἄρθρων [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III.2. hold out as a pretext, αἰτίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, τὴν συγγένειαν [Refs 2nd c.BC+]

IV. put before or first, προτιθέντι ἀνάγκη.. λέγειν, opposed to ἐπιλέγοντι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; set down first in writing, προθεὶς ἄρχοντα Νικόμαχόν φησιν οὕτως· ἐπὶ τούτου κτλ.” [Refs 1st c.BC+] in D.[Refs 2nd c.AD+]:— middle, put in front, τοὺς γροσφομάχους [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; premise, λόγον [Refs]:—passive, τὸ μὴ καὶ τὸ οὒ προτιθέμενα τῶν ἐπιόντων ὀνομάτων [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV.2. put before or over, πρόσθεν ὀμμάτων πέπλον π. [Refs 5th c.BC+]:— middle, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV.3. prefer one to another, τί τινος [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, πάρος τοὐμοῦ πόθου προὔθεντο τὴν τυραννίδα [Refs 5th c.BC+]

STEPBible — Tyndale Abridged Greek Lexicon

προ-τίθημι [in LXX: Exo.40:4, 23, Lev.24:8 (עָרַךְ) Psa.54:3 (שׂוּם), etc. ;] __1. to set before, set forth publicly; so also in mid.: with accusative of person(s), Rom.3:25 (for a suggested alt, rend., see MM, xxii). __2. Mid., to set before oneself, propose, purpose: with inf., Rom.1:13; with accusative of thing(s), Eph.1:9.† (AS)

Bible Occurrences (3)

1:13 3:25

1:9

📖 Greek Word Study — In-Depth Study from Precept Austin

Planned (4388) protithemai

Displayed publicly (4388) (protithemai from pró = before, forth + tÃthemi = place) means literally place before oneself, to set forth, to set before the eyes, to set forth so as to be looked at and to expose to public view. Robertson - God set before himself (purposed) and did it publicly before (pro) the whole world. (Greek Word Studies) In secular Greek this word was the technical term referring to the bodies of the dead that were to be lain in state. Vine comments on protithemai in this verse writing that it... may mean either “to determine,” to “purpose” or “to set forth,” so as to be manifest. Either sense would convey a scriptural view here, but the context bears out the latter meaning. The verb is in the middle voice, which lays stress upon the personal interest which God had in doing what is said, as predetermined in His eternal purpose. The aorist tense indicates the definiteness of the act in the past. (Vine, W. Collected writings of W. E. Vine. Nashville: Thomas Nelson ) Protithemai is found 3 times in the NT (Ro 1:13; 3:25; Eph 1:9) and is translated in the NASB as displayed publicly, 1; planned, 1; purposed, 1 Protithemai is found 8 times in the non-apocryphal Septuagint (LXX) - Ex 29:23; 40:4, 23; Lev 24:8; Ps 54:3; 86:14; 101:3; Pr 29:24. Paul used protithemai earlier in Romans writing... And I do not want you to be unaware, brethren, that often I have planned (protithemai) to come to you (and have been prevented thus far) in order that I might obtain some fruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles. (see note Romans 1:13) In Ephesians Paul writes... He (God the Father) made known to us the mystery of His will (we could never have learned these things. We did not desire to learn these things. In fact, we hated God.), according to His kind intention which He purposed (protithemai) in Him (Eph 1:9-note) Vincent says this word means Publicly, openly, correlated with to declare. He brought Him forth and put Him before the public." Bengel, “placed before the eyes of all;” unlike the ark of the covenant which was veiled and approached only by the high-priest. The word is used by Herodotus of exposing corpses (5:8); by Thucydides of exposing the bones of the dead (2:34). Compare the shew-bread, the loaves of the setting-forth (tes protheseos. See on Mark 2:26. Paul refers not to preaching, but to the work of atonement itself, in which God’s righteousness is displayed. Some render purposed or determined, as Ro 1:13; Eph 1:9, and according to the usual meaning of prothesis, purpose, in the New Testament. But the meaning adopted here is fixed by to declare. The idea is that Christ was placed before the eyes of all unlike the ark of the covenant which was veiled and approached only by the high priest. John Piper writes that: Ro 3:25,26 are, perhaps, the most central or most important words in the Bible - especially if you consider them along with Ro 3:23,24...What happens in Ro 3:25-26 is that we penetrate through the issue of "justification" (v24) and through the issue of "redemption" or ransom (v24) to what C. E. B. Cranfield calls "the innermost meaning of the cross" "Whom God displayed publicly [put forth] as a propitiation [in context means "the turning away of...wrath"] in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His righteousness [Note: this is the purpose of Christ's death that hasn't been mentioned yet - to demonstrate God's righteousness. Now why does God need to demonstrate his righteousness?], because in the forbearance of God He passed over the sins previously committed; [then he repeats this aim lest we miss it] for the demonstration, I say, of His righteousness at the present time, so that He would be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus." Why did God face the problem of needing to give a public vindication of his righteousness? The answer is in the last phrase of v25 and at the end of v26: "because in his divine forbearance he had passed over the sins previously committed;" and because he is "the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus." Now what do those two phrases mean? They mean that now and for centuries God has been doing what Ps 103:10 says, "He does not deal with us according to our sins or repay us according to our iniquities." He has been passing over thousands of sins...not punishing them as fully as they justly deserve. King David is a good example. In 2Sa 12 he is confronted by the prophet Nathan for committing adultery with Bathsheba and then having her husband killed. Nathan says, "Why have you despised the word of the Lord?" (2Sa 12:9). David feels the rebuke of Nathan, and in (2Sa 12:13) he says, "I have sinned against the Lord." To this, Nathan responds, "The Lord also has put away your sin; you shall not die." Just like that! Adultery and murder are "PASSED OVER" It is almost incredible. Our sense of justice screams out, "No! You can't just let it go like that. He deserves to die or be imprisoned for life!" But Nathan does not say that. He says, "The Lord has PUT AWAY your sin; you shall not die." (Read full sermon text Did Christ Die for Us or for God?) The prophet Micah (name = "Who is like Jehovah?") uses the same Hebrew verb (put away) in Mic 7:18 "Who is a God like Thee, who pardons iniquity And PASSES OVER the rebellious act of the remnant of His possession? He does not retain His anger forever, Because He delights in unchanging love" AS A PROPITIATION: hilasterion: (Ex 25:17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22; Lev 16:15; Heb 9:5:; 1Jn 2:2; 4:10) (see dictionary articles Propitiation; Expiation, Propitiation) "WE COME O CHRIST TO YOU" You are the Way to God, Your blood our ransom paid; In You we face our Judge and Maker unafraid. Before the throne absolved we stand, Your love has met Your law's demand. ---E. Margaret Clarkson "Copy and paste the address below into your web browser in order to go to the original page which will allow you to access live links related to the material on this page - these links include Scriptures (which can be read in context), Scripture pop-ups on mouse over, and a variety of related resources such as Bible dictionary articles, commentaries, sermon notes and theological journal articles related to the topic under discussion." http://www.preceptaustin.org/romans_325-26.htm#Displayed

Romans 1:13

I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, how often I planned to come to you ([but] have been prevented [from visiting] until now), in order that I might have a harvest among you -, just as [I have had] among the other Gentiles.

Romans 3:25

God presented [Him] [as an] atoning sacrifice in His blood through faith, in order to demonstrate His righteousness, because in [His] forbearance [He] had passed over the sins committed beforehand.

Ephesians 1:9

[And] He has made known to us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure, which He purposed in [Christ]