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William Kelly

William Kelly (May 1821 – March 27, 1906) was an Irish preacher, biblical scholar, and writer whose prolific ministry within the Plymouth Brethren movement made him a leading figure in 19th-century evangelicalism. Born in Millisle, County Down, Ireland, to a family of landed gentry, Kelly was left fatherless young, prompting him to support himself by tutoring the family of Mr. Cachemaille, Rector of Sark. He graduated with first-class honours in classics from Trinity College, Dublin, intending Anglican ministry, but at 19 in 1840, he converted on Sark through reading Revelation 20:11-12 and soon joined the Brethren, drawn by their emphasis on Scripture and simplicity. Married in Guernsey to a woman whose name remains unrecorded, he lived there for 30 years before moving to Blackheath, London, in the 1870s. Kelly’s preaching career unfolded as an itinerant minister, delivering lectures across Britain that emphasized biblical authority and dispensational theology, often in Brethren assemblies like Bennett Park Hall in Blackheath. A close ally of John Nelson Darby, he edited Darby’s 34-volume Collected Writings and served as editor of The Bible Treasury from 1857 until his death, engaging scholars like Henry Alford and countering German higher criticism with works like his 1860 critical edition of Revelation, praised by Heinrich Ewald. His books—over 100, including Lectures on the Pentateuch and The Inspiration of the Scriptures—covered every Bible book, earning Charles Spurgeon’s quip that Kelly’s mind, “born for the universe,” was “narrowed by Darbyism.” In 1884, he split from Darby’s Exclusive Brethren over assembly governance, forming the “Kelly Brethren.”
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William Kelly delves into the prophecies regarding the Second Coming and Kingdom of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, referencing Luke 21:25-27, Matthew 24:37-41, and Matthew 25:31-46 to illustrate the signs and events leading to Christ's return and His judgment of the nations during His reign. The discussion also includes an analysis of the term 'Rosh' in Ezekiel 38 and 39, exploring various translations and historical references to identify it as a proper name, possibly referring to a Scythian race living near the Araxes River, ancestors of the Russian nation.
On the Lord's Announcement of Gentile Judgments.
Appendix of 'The Second Coming and Kingdom of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. As this, it seems, is liable to be misunderstood, I add a few words here to say that my allusion was especially to Luke 21: 25-27, and 35. "And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring; men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth: for the powers of heaven shall be shaken. And then shall they see the Son of man coming in a cloud with power and great glory. For as a snare shall it come on all them that dwell on the face of the whole earth." The same principle, substantially, is found in Matt. 24: 37-41; which, dealing with the earth, widens out so as to embrace all men, though clearly growing out of the Jewish section of the prophecy. The scene portrayed in Matt. 25: 31-46 is the Lord's judgment of the nations, after He is come and while He is reigning in peace. It is millennial, though its issues are final. On the Rosh of Ezek. 38. & 39. It may interest some readers to discuss a little more fully the right rendering of rosh. Compare Ges. Thes. 2. 1253. Aquila of Pontus, who became a Jewish proselyte, was the first Greek translator to depart from the sense reflected in the versions of the LXX. Symm. and Theod. But he who most influenced others in a similar direction was Jerome, following the Targ. and Pesch. Nevertheless, in the cited version before his comment, even he gives the alternative of the proper name, though preferring to take the word as an appellative. "Fili hominis, pone faciem tuam contra Gog, terram Magog, principem capitis (sive Ros) Mosoch et Thubal, et vaticinare de eo." In his subsequent remarks he owns that the translators Symmachus and Theodotion adhered to the Septuagint, while Aquila, followed by himself, took the word in the sense of "head." His reason was, that Rosh is not to be found as the name of a nation in Genesis or any other book of Scripture, or in Josephus. "Ex quo manifestum est, Ros non gentem significare, sed caput." But the editors of Jerome's works admit in their annotations that the argument is invalid; for many other proper names occur in Ezekiel, and not elsewhere, such as Chebar, Gammadim, Chelmad, Chub, Hethlon, Sibraim, and the like. No doubt it is in Oriental and Byzantine authors that we hear of ??? or Rhos most frequently. The context is decisively in favour of taking Rhos as a proper name. So judged Bochart (Phaleg 3. 13) and Vitringa (Anacris. Apoc. p. 1170); and they have been followed by all scholars of weight down to De Wette in our own day, whose German version (close, though rationalistic) gives this meaning. And such is the rendering of the able Jew, David Levi, in spite of the Chaldee paraphrase. The Byzantine historians abound with proofs of the fact, that ??? is constantly employed as the name of a Scythian race, then living on both sides of the Araxes = Aras, one of the progenitors of the great Russian nation. (See Cedrenus, Const. Porphyrogen., Leo Gram., Zonaras, etc., who distinguish the ??? from the Turks, with whom Mede, Bp. Newton, and others confounded them.) The following extract from the Origines Russes (St. Petersburg, pp. 24-26) of J. Von Hammer, who identifies the Ros or Ras of the Bible with the Ras or Ros of the Coran, sufficiently conveys the opinion of that distinguished Orientalist. "Un autre passage de la Bible dont on n'a pas encore fait usage, à ce que je crois, vient fortement à l'appui de la véritable signification du mot rosh qui doit être entendu comme un nom du people et non pas comme un appellatif. Les trois passages connus d'Ezéchiel sont le 2 et 3 verset du 38 et le 1er du 39 chapitre 'Principem capitis (Ros) Mosoc et Tubal.' Outre que 'princeps capitis' ne forme aucun sens raisonable, nous trouvons les deux peuples Mosoc et Tubal dans un autre passage, savoir dans le 2e verset chap. 10 de la Genèse, associés, comme dans les passages d'Ezéchiel, à Gog et Magog, mais aussi à un troisième peuple: 'Tubal et Mosoc et Tiras.' Or, comme ici Tubal et Mosoc se trouvent associés à un troisième peuple, on est autorisé à croire que le rosh(???) des trois passages d'Ezéchiel est de même un nom de peuple comme il a été traduit par les LXX., et non pas un nom appellatif comme il se trouve traduit dans la Vulgate. Cette probabilité, déjà extrêmement grande, se change en certitude, quand nous retrouvons rosh (??? Ras ou Ros de la Bible aussi dans deux passages du Coran) associés de même à deux noms de peuples, lesquels cependant ne sont pas ceux de Mosoc et Tubal. Il nous paraît hors de doûte que Mohammed qui a eu évidemment connaissance de la Bible ait eu en vue ce passage, et de là 1' ignorance de quelques commentateurs du Coran qui, cherchant les Ras ou Ros dans l'Arabie, ne savaient pas où les trouver, et changèrent le fleuve (Ras) sur lequel ils habitaient dans un puits, jusqu' à ce que des commentateurs plus instruits les replacèrent dans leurs véritables demeures, c'est-à-dire dans l'Azerbeidjean sur les bords de l'Araxes. "Une autre preuve que les Ras ou Ros du Coran ne sont qu'un plagiat des rosh ou Ros de la Bible se trouve dans leur dénomination même d'Asshabir-Ras, c'est-à-dire les maîtres du Ras, dans lequel nous reconnaissons le nasi rosh c'est-à-dire principem Ras (??????? ???) de la Bible, repété dans tous les trois versets d'Ezéchiel comme le Asshabir-Ras dans les deux versets du Coran. "Ayant ainsi mis hors de doûte que les Ras ou Ros du Coran sont les Ros ou Ras de la Bible, et que le mot de rosh dans la Bible est un nom propre du peuple, et non pas un nom appellatif, il nous reste à montrer que les Tiras ?????? [thiras] de la Genèse (malgré la différence des deux s du Sin et Samekh et malgré la première syllabe Ti) sont le même peuple, que les Ras ou Ros qui se trouvent dans les trois passages d'Ezéchiel à Gog et Magog et à Mosoc et Tubal. "Etant constaté que Ros ou Ras associé trois fois dans Ezéchiel aux peuples de Mosoc et Tubal est aussi un nom de peuple, il est d'abord naturel de chercher le nom de ce peuple dans la généalogie des fils de Noé, qui donne l'origine de toutes les nations. C'est cette idée si naturelle qui nous conduit au passage en question (Genèse 10: 2) où nous retrouvons les Tubal et Mosoc réunis, comme dans les trois passages d'Ezéchiel, mais associés aux Tiras au lieu des Ras. "On peut donc inferer de là avec quelque probabilité, que les Ras et Tiras sont le même peuple, et cette probabilité reçoit le plus grand degré de vraisemblance par le passage de Tzetzes déjà cité par Bochart, qui dit qu'on appellait les ??? aussi ??????? (Phaleg 3. 13): ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????." Von H. next refers to some Oriental confirmations in pp. 26-29, which need not be cited. There is a curious passage in the Apocrypha bearing on this subject. The children of Rasses were among those whose lands were laid waste by Holofernes. (Judith 2. 23.) The Vulgate has Tharsis and Ismahel, the old Latin has Thiras and Rasis. In Smith's Dict. of the Bible we are told that Wolff restores the original Chaldee text of the passage as Thars and Rosos, comparing the latter name with Rhosus on the Gulf of Issus. "If the above restoration of the original text is correct, the interchange of Meshech and Rosos, as connected with Thar or Thiras (see Gen. 10: 2), is very remarkable; since, if Meshech be the original of Muscovy, Rosos can hardly be other than that of Russia."
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William Kelly (May 1821 – March 27, 1906) was an Irish preacher, biblical scholar, and writer whose prolific ministry within the Plymouth Brethren movement made him a leading figure in 19th-century evangelicalism. Born in Millisle, County Down, Ireland, to a family of landed gentry, Kelly was left fatherless young, prompting him to support himself by tutoring the family of Mr. Cachemaille, Rector of Sark. He graduated with first-class honours in classics from Trinity College, Dublin, intending Anglican ministry, but at 19 in 1840, he converted on Sark through reading Revelation 20:11-12 and soon joined the Brethren, drawn by their emphasis on Scripture and simplicity. Married in Guernsey to a woman whose name remains unrecorded, he lived there for 30 years before moving to Blackheath, London, in the 1870s. Kelly’s preaching career unfolded as an itinerant minister, delivering lectures across Britain that emphasized biblical authority and dispensational theology, often in Brethren assemblies like Bennett Park Hall in Blackheath. A close ally of John Nelson Darby, he edited Darby’s 34-volume Collected Writings and served as editor of The Bible Treasury from 1857 until his death, engaging scholars like Henry Alford and countering German higher criticism with works like his 1860 critical edition of Revelation, praised by Heinrich Ewald. His books—over 100, including Lectures on the Pentateuch and The Inspiration of the Scriptures—covered every Bible book, earning Charles Spurgeon’s quip that Kelly’s mind, “born for the universe,” was “narrowed by Darbyism.” In 1884, he split from Darby’s Exclusive Brethren over assembly governance, forming the “Kelly Brethren.”