Adar

The twelfth month among the Hebrews. See MONTH.

the twelfth month of the ecclesiastical, and the sixth of the civil, year among the Hebrews. It contains but twenty-nine days, and answers to our February, and sometimes enters into March, according to the course of the moon, by which they regulated their seasons.

A´dar (Est 3:7) is the sixth month of the civil and the twelfth of the ecclesiastical year of the Jews. The name was first introduced after the Captivity. The following are the chief days in it which are set apart for commemoration:—The 7th is a fast for the death of Moses (Deu 34:5-6). On the 9th there was a fast in memory of the contention or open rupture of the celebrated schools of Hillel and Shammai, which happened but a few years before the birth of Christ. The 13th is the so-called ’Fast of Esther.’ Iken observes (Antiq. Hebr. p. 150) that this was not an actual fast, but merely a commemoration of Esther’s fast of three days (Est 4:16), and a preparation for the ensuing festival. Nevertheless, as Esther appears, from the date of Haman’s edict, and from the course of the narrative, to have fasted in Nisan, Buxtorf adduces from the Rabbins the following account of the name of this fast, and of the foundation of its observance in Adar, that the Jews assembled together on the 13th, in the time of Esther, and that, after the example of Moses, who fasted when the Israelites were about to engage in battle with the Amalekites, they devoted that day to fasting and prayer, in preparation for the perilous trial which awaited them on the morrow. In this sense, this fast would stand in the most direct relation to the feast of Purim. The 13th was also, ’by a common decree,’ appointed as a festival in memory of the death of Nicanor (2Ma 15:36). The 14th and 15th were devoted to the feast of Purim (Est 9:21). In case the year was an intercalary one, when the month of Adar occurred twice, this feast was first moderately observed in the intercalary Adar, and then celebrated with full splendor in the ensuing Adar. The former of these two celebrations was then called the lesser, and the latter the great Purim.

The twelfth month of the Hebrew ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil year. In this month occurred the celebrated feast of Purim. It nearly answers to our March. As the lunar year, which the Jews follow, is shorter than the solar year by eleven days, which after three years by eleven days, which, after three years, make about a month, they then insert a thirteenth month, which they call Ve- Adar, or a second Adar. See MONTH.\par

A’dar. (high).

1. A place on the south boundary of Judah. Jos 15:3

2. See Month.

Hebrew Addar. (See ADDAR). Southern boundary of Judah and the Holy Land, called also Hazar-Addar: Jos 15:3. (See HAZAR-ADDAR).

the name of a month and also of a place. SEE ADDAR. Also the name of an Assyrian deity (see below).

1. (Heb. and Chald. Adar’, אֲדָר, large; Esther 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1, 15, 17; 19:21; Ezr 6:15; Sept. Α᾿δάρ.) The sixth month of the civil and the twelfth of the ecclesiastical year of the Jews (comp. 1Ma 7:43); from the new moon of March to that of April; or, according to the rabbins, from the new moon of February to that of March. The name was first introduced after the captivity, being the Macedonian Dystrus (Δύστρος). (See Michaelis, Gram. Arab. p. 25; Suppl. p. 25; Golius, in Lex. ad Alferg. p. 17, 34; Hyde, De rel. vet. Pers. p. 63.) The following are the chief days in it which are set apart for commemoration: The 7th is a fast for the death of Moses (Deu 34:5-6). There is some difference, however, in the date assigned to his death by some ancient authorities. Josephus (Ant. 4, 8, 49) states that he died on the first of this month.; which also agrees with Midrash Megillath Esther, cited by Reland (Antiq. Heb 4:1-16; Heb 10:1-39); whereas the Talmudical tracts Kiddushim and Sotah give the seventh as the day. It is at least certain that the latter was the day on which the fast was observed. On the 9th there was a fast in memory of the contention or open rupture of the celebrated schools of Hillel and Shammai, which happened but a few years before the birth of Christ. The cause of the dispute is obscure (Wolf’s Biblioth. Hebr. 2, 826). The 13th is the so-called “Fast of Esther.” Iken observes (Antiq. Hebr. p. 150) that this was not an actual fast, but merely a commemoration of Esther’s fast of three days (Est 4:16), and a preparation for the ensuing festival. Nevertheless, as Esther appears, from the date of Haman’s edict, and from the course of the narrative, to have fasted in Nisan, Buxtorf adduces from the rabbins the following account of the name of this fast, and of the foundation of its observance in Adar (Synag. Jud. p. 554); that the Jews assembled together on the 13th, in the time of Esther, and that, after the example of Moses, who fasted when the Israelites were about to engage in battle with the Amalekites, they devoted that day to fasting and prayer, in preparation for the perilous trial which awaited them on the morrow. In this sense, this fast would stand in the most direct relation to the feast of Purim. The 13th was also, “by a common decree,” appointed as a festival in memory of the death of Nicanor (2Ma 15:36). The 14th and 15th were devoted to the feast of Purim (Est 9:21). SEE PURIM.

In case the year was an intercalary one; when the month of Adar occurred twice, this feast was first moderately observed in the intercalary Adar, — and then celebrated with full splendor in the ensuing Adar. SEE VE-ADAR. The former of these two celebrations was then called the lesser, and the latter the great Purim. Home has erroneously stated (Introduction, 3, 177) that these designations apply to the two days of the festival in an ordinary year. For the Scripture lessons of this month, see Otho, Lex. Rabb. p. 8. SEE CALENDAR; SEE MONTH.

2. (Heb. Addar’, אִדָּר, splendor, otherwise threshing-floor; Sept. Α᾿δδαρά, apparently mistaking the appended הlocal for a part of the word; Vulg. Addar) a contracted form (Jos 15:3) of the name elsewhere (Num 34:4) written HAZAR-ADDAR (q.v.). SEE ATAROTH-ADAR.

Adar,

an Assyrian deity, the god of the thunderbolt and storm-cloud, was called " the Sun of the South," and was also the deity of physical power, corresponding to the Greek Hercules. He was frequently also called Bar and Ninip.

In the Persian religion, Adar is the breath of the holy fire, also the spirit which animates it. Of the holy fire there are many kinds:

(1) Berezeseny, fire in the earth, proved by the burning naphtha springs; a purified form was worshipped in three different holy places of Persia;

(2) Wefreitn, fire in living beings: (animal. heat ),

(3) Qruzesht, the fire in plants;

(4) Wazesht, the fire in the clouds ( lightning);

(5) Spenesht, the fire in houses, kitchens, etc.;

(6) Ormuzd, the pure fire burning on the altars, whose highest potency was the Brahma fire;

(7) Ferobun, worshipped under Jemshid;

(8) Gochasp, adored under Chosroes; and

(9) Burzin Matun, worshipped under Zerdusht. To touch the holy fire with the hand was forbidden, and was punishable by death, even though a priest became guilty of it, SEE FIRE.

Adar (â’dar). 1. A place on the south boundary of Judah. Jos 15:3. 2. The 12th month of the Jewish sacred year. See Month.

[A’dar] See MONTHS.

[A’dar]

Place on the southern border of Palestine, in the lot of Judah. Jos 15:3. In Num 34:4 it is called HAZAR-ADDAR. It is unknown.

(Assyrian, Ad-da-ru):

By: Kaufmann Kohler

The twelfth ecclesiastical and sixth civil month (Esth. iii. 7, ix. 1; Ezra, vi. 15). It has usually twenty-nine days, of which the following have been set apart for commemoration: The seventh day is observed as the anniversary of the death of Moses. The ninth of Adar was made a fast-day, because, says the Megillat Ta'anit, the Hillelites and Shammaites strongly opposed each other on the seventh of Adar (compare Shab. 17a). The thirteenth day was originally a festival, called Nicanor Day, commemorating the death of Nicanor (see Adarsa), the Syrian general in the Maccabean war, who aroused the indignation of the people by his insulting language concerning the sanctuary (II Macc. xv. 36; Ta'anit, 18b; Megillat Ta'anit). Subsequently the thirteenth of the month was made a day of fasting in memory of Esther's fast (Esth. iv. 16), and it was called the Fast of Esther. It was the preparatory day to the festival of Purim, celebrated on the fourteenth day, and in Shushan also on the fifteenth day. At present Adar coincides approximately with March.

ADAR (Ezr 6:15, Est 3:7; Est 3:13; Est 8:12; Est 9:1; Est 9:15 ff., 1Ma 7:43; 1Ma 7:49, 2Ma 15:36, Est 10:13; Est 13:6, Est 16:20).—The 12th month in the later Jewish Calendar. See Time.

(1) A frontier town in the South of Chanaan (Numbers 34:4; Joshua 15:3). It has not been identified.(2) King of Edom, Gen., xxxvi, 39, called Adad (R. V., Hadad), I Par., i, 50.(3) The twelfth month of the Jewish year, corresponding approximately to the latter half of February and the first half of March.(4) A Chaldean god. The name is found in the compound word Adramelech (Adar is Wing) in IV K., xvii, 31.-----------------------------------W.S. REILLY The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume ICopyright © 1907 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York

ā-´dar (אדר, ’ădhār, meaning uncertain): The Babylonian name of the twelfth month of the year. Used in the Bible only in Ezr 6:15 and eight times in Esther. At first the author in Esther defines Adar as the twelfth month, but afterward omits the numeral. In order to maintain the relation of the year to the seasons it was customary to add a second Adar, as often as was needed, as an intercalary month.

The twelfth month of the Jewish year, occurring in February/March. See Months of the Jewish Year.