CHAPTER VI: Renaissance 274-331

Middle Ages, A.D. 430-604
241-273
Historical position 242
1. Conflict between Semi-Pelagianism and Augustinianism 245-261
The monks of Hadrumetum and in South Gaul, Cassian 246
Prosper 249
De vocatione gentium 250
Liber Prædestinatus 251
Faustus of Rhegium 252
Decree de libris recipiendis 255
The Scythian monks, Fulgentius, Hormisdas 255
Cæsarius of Arles, Synods of Valencia and Orange 257
Results 260
2. Gregory the Great 262-273
General characteristics 262
Superstition, Christology, Intercessions 263
Doctrine of Sin and Grace 266
Merits, satisfactions, saints, relics, purgatory 267
Penance 269
Gregory's position between Augustine and the Middle Ages 270

Renaissance 274-331

The importance of the Carlovingian epoch in the History of Dogma and of
the Church
274
1 a. The Adoptian Controversy 278-292
Genesis of the problem 278

Spanish affairs and the dispute in Spain. Teaching of Elipandus, Felix and Beatus is Augustinian 281 Dispute before the Frankish and Roman tribunals 287 Alcuin's teaching. Influence of Greek conception 289 Connection with doctrine of the Lord's Supper 291 Result 292 1 b. Controversy about Predestination 292-302 The monk Gottschalk 293 Rabanus and Ratrainnus, his opponents 295

Controversy among Frankish and Lothringian Bishops. Objective untruthfulness of Gottschalk's opponents. Synod at Chiersey 299 Synod at Valencia 299 Synods at Savonieres and Toucy 300

The theory consonant to Church practice holds the field under
Augustinian formulas
301
2. Dispute as to the filioque and about images 302-308
The filioque, the Franks and the Pope 302
Attitude of the Franks to images 305

The libri Carolini and the self-consciousness of the Frankish Church.
Synod of Frankfurt
306
Later history of images 308
3.

Development of theory and practice of the Mass (the Dogma of the Lord's
Supper) and of Penance
308-331

The three causes of the development of theory of the Lord's Supper in
the West
308
The controversy defartu virgins 310
The Augustinian conception promoted by Beda checked by Alcuin 311
Paschasius Radbertus 312
Rabanus and Ratramnus 318
Ideas of the Mass as part of the institution of expiation 322
Practice of Confession:

a The notion of God at its root
323

b Development of institution of penance from Roman Church and German
premises, Influence of Monachism
324

g Defective theory
326

d Growth of satisfactions and indulgences
327
__________________________________________________________________

Second Part.

DEVELOPMENT OF ECCLESIASTICAL DOGMA. __________________________________________________________________

SECOND BOOK.

Expansion and Remodelling of Dogma into a Doctrine of Sin, Grace and means of Grace on the basis of the Church.

"Domini mors potentior erat quam vita .. . Lex Christianorum crux est sancta Christi."

--Pseudo-Cyprian.

"Die Ehrfurcht vor dem, was unter uns ist, ist ein Letztes wozu die Menschheit gelangen konnte and musste. Aber was gehörte dazu, die Erde nicht allein unter sich liegen zu lassen and sich auf einen höheren Geburtsort zu berufen, sondern auch Niedrigkeit and Armuth, Spott and Verachtung, Schmach and Elend, Leiden and Tod als göttlich anzuerkennen, ja selbst Sünde and Verbrechen nicht als Hindernisse, sondern als Fördernisse des Heiligen zu verehren!"

--Goethe. __________________________________________________________________