CHAPTER IV: 95-240

Piety
61-94
General Characteristics 61
Augustine's new Christian self-criticism 66
Pre-Augustinian and Augustinian Piety 67
Sin and Grace the decisive factors in Augustine 69
The changed tone of Piety 72
Criticism of this Piety 75
Four elements constituting the Catholic stamp of Piety 77
a Authority of Church for Faith 78
b God and Means of Grace 83
g Faith, Forgiveness of Sins, and Merit 87
d Pessimistic view of Present State 91
Concluding remarks 93

95-240 The new Dogmatic Scheme 95 The connection with the Symbol 95 Discord between Symbol and Holy Scripture 98 Discord between Scripture and the principle of Salvation 99 Discord between Religion and Philosophy 100 Discord between Doctrine of Grace and Ecclesiasticism 101 Contradictions within these series of conceptions 101 Impossibility of an Augustinian system 102 Universal influence of Augustine 103 Method of presenting Augustinianism; Dogma and Augustine 104
1. Augustine's Doctrines of the First and Last Things l06-140

Augustine's Theology and Psychology ("Aristoteles Alter") were born of
Piety
106
Dissolution of the ancient feeling 108
Psychological and Neo-Platonic view of the soul 111
The ethical views interwoven with this (God, world, soul, will, love)
113
Influence of Christian ecclesiasticism 124
[On reason, revelation, faith, and knowledge] 125
Authority of Christ and Christology 125
Final aims in the other and this world 134
Concluding observation 138
2.

The Donatist Controversy. The Work: De civitate Dei. Doctrine of the
Church and Means of Grace
140-168
Introduction 140
The Church as Doctrinal Authority 143
Unity of the Church 144
Its Holiness 146
Catholicity 149
Apostolicity and other attributes 149
Church and Kingdom of God 151
Word and Sacrament 155
The Sacraments 156
Lord's Supper 158
Baptism 159
Ordination 161
The Church as societas sacramentorum 163
As a heavenly communion 164
As primeval 164
As communio fidelium 165
As numerus electorum 166
Closing observations 167
3. The Pelagian Controversy. Doctrine of Grace and Sin 168-221
Augustine's Doctrine before the controversy 168

General characteristics of Augustinianism and Pelagianism, as of
Pelagius, Cælestius, and Julian
168
Origin and nature of Pelagianism 172

§ 1. The outward course of the dispute
173
Pelagius and Cælestius in Rome and Carthage
173
Events in Palestine
177
Events in North Africa and Rome
181
Condemnation in Rome; Julian of Eclanum
186
Final Stages
187
§ 2. The Pelagian Doctrine
188
Agreement and differences between the leaders
189
The chief doctrines
191

The separate doctrines in their degree of conformity to tradition 196

§ 3. The Augustinian doctrine
203

The doctrine of grace, predestination, redemption, and justification 204

Doctrine of sin, original sin, and the primitive state 210

Criticism of Augustinianism
217
4.

Augustine's explanation of the Symbol (Enchiridion ad Laurentium). New
system of religion
222-240
Exposition of Article I. 223
Article II. 225
Article III. 228
Criticism of this exposition; old and new system of religion 234