Psalms 88:12 — Word Study
WLCהֲיִוָּדַ֣ע בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ פִּלְאֶ֑ךָ וְ֝צִדְקָתְךָ֗ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ נְשִׁיָּֽה׃
BSAto recountçâphar graveqeber kindnesschêçêd faithfulnessʼĕmûwnâh Abaddonʼăbaddôwn
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הֲיִוָּדַ֣ע | ¿ will it be known | Particle, verb niphal imperfect third person masculine singular |
| בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ | in the darkness | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| פִּלְאֶ֑ךָ | wonder[s] your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וְ֝צִדְקָתְךָ֗ | and righteousness your | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| בְּאֶ֣רֶץ | in [the] land of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| נְשִׁיָּֽה׃ | forgetting | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Will Your wonders be known in the darkness, or Your righteousness in the land of oblivion? |
| KJV | Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness? |
| ASV | Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? And thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness? |
| YLT | Are Thy wonders known in the darkness? And Thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness? |
| WEB | Are your wonders made known in the dark? Or your righteousness in the land of forgetfulness? |
| BBE | May there be knowledge of your wonders in the dark? or of your righteousness where memory is dead? |
Where they part company is נְשִׁיָּֽה — see How Translations Differ.
Two main clauses with subordinate phrases, highlighting the psalmist's questioning of God's visibility in darkness.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 6 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 88:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament in Darknessgenerated
Psalm 88:12 is part of a lament where the psalmist expresses feelings of abandonment and questions the visibility of God's miraculous acts and righteousness in a state of darkness and forgetfulness. This reflects a deep struggle with faith and understanding in times of despair, as seen in the preceding verses, which articulate a cry for help and a sense of isolation from God.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 143:3 | For the enemy has pursued my soul, crushing my life to the ground, making me dwell in darkness like those long since dead. |
| 2 | Job 10:21–22 | before I go—never to return— to a land of darkness and gloom, |
| 3 | Isaiah 8:22 | Then they will look to the earth and see only distress and darkness and the gloom of anguish. And they will be driven into utter darkness. |
| 4 | Matthew 8:12 | But the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” |
| 5 | Jude 1:13 | They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פִּלְאֶ֑ךָ, pil.'E.khagenerated
The noun פֶּ֫לֶא (pele') refers to a wonder or miracle, often describing extraordinary acts of God. It emphasizes events that are hard to understand or extraordinary, reflecting God's power and intervention in the world.
In this verse, the psalmist uses פֶּ֫לֶא to question whether God's wonders can be known in darkness, highlighting the tension between divine action and human perception. The word's connection to miraculous occurrences underscores the psalmist's plea for recognition of God's deeds even in dire circumstances.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around two main clauses, both questioning: הֲיִוָּדַ֣ע (Will it be known) introduces the inquiry about God's wonders, while וְ֝צִדְקָתְךָ֗ (and Your righteousness) follows up with a similar question about God's righteousness. This parallel structure emphasizes the psalmist's deep concern about God's visibility in darkness.
The syntax highlights a contrast between the wonders and righteousness of God and the darkness and forgetfulness described. The use of prepositional phrases adds depth, illustrating the psalmist's plea for recognition of divine acts in dire circumstances.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, הֲיִוָּדַ֣ע is rendered as μὴ, which suggests a negation, indicating a strong emphasis on the uncertainty of God's wonders being known. This choice reflects a more definitive questioning of God's presence in darkness compared to the Hebrew text.
The translation of בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ as τάφῳ (grave) further emphasizes the themes of death and oblivion, aligning with the psalmist's lament about the lack of acknowledgment of God's acts in a state of forgetfulness.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 88:12 questions whether God's wonders and righteousness can be known in darkness and forgetfulness. The psalmist expresses a deep sense of despair, seeking understanding of God's actions in times of trouble, reflecting a struggle with faith and hope.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The psalmist refers to God's miraculous acts that demonstrate His power and intervention in the world, often seen as extraordinary events.
Darkness symbolizes a lack of hope, understanding, and the absence of God's presence, making the question of recognizing His wonders more poignant.
The 'land of oblivion' signifies a state of forgetfulness or being overlooked, highlighting the psalmist's fear that God's righteousness may not be acknowledged.
The verse reveals the psalmist's feelings of despair and abandonment, questioning God's visibility and involvement in his suffering.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I feel like God's wonders are hidden in darkness?
- How can I recognize and acknowledge God's righteousness even in difficult times?
- What does it mean for me to seek God's presence in moments of forgetfulness?
- How can I share the wonders of God with others who may feel forgotten or abandoned?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Augustine of Hippo comments on this verse, arguing from it to highlight the visibility of God's works even in darkness.
"Shall your wondrous works be known in the dark, and your righteousness in the land where all things are forgotten?" [Psalms 88:12],Early Church Fathers on Psalms 88 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 88:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleShall thy wonders be known in the dark?.... A description of the grave again; see Job 10:21, The sense may be, should he continue in the dark and silent grave, how would the wonders of the grace of
Read John Gill on Psalms 88 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and praise thee? Selah.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 88 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleIn the dark; in the grave, which is called the land of darkness, ,22. In the land of forgetfulness; in the grave; so called, either, first, Actively, because there men forget and neglect all the concerns of this life, being indeed but dead carcasses without any sense or remembrance. Or rather, secondly, Passively, because there men are forgotten not only by men, as is noted, , but by God himself, as he complained, .
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 88 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 88:12 Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?Ver. 12. In the land of forgetfulness] So the state and place of the dead is called; and why:
Read John Trapp on Psalms 88 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10-12) These verses probably contain the prayer tittered with the “stretched-out hands.”
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 88 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. The land of forgetfulness?] The place of separate spirits, or the invisible world. The heathens had some notion of this state. They feigned a river in the invisible world, called Lethe, ληθη, which signifies oblivion, and that those who drank of it remembered no more any thing relative to their former state. ----------Animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur, lethaei ad fluminis undam Securos latices et longa oblivia potant. VIRG. AEn. vi. 713. To all those souls who round the river wait New mortal bodies are decreed by fate; To yon dark stream the gliding ghosts repair, And quaff deep draughts of long oblivion there.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 88 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. Nay, God’s wonders will not even be known in Darkness, nor His righteousness, His faithfulness to His covenant (Psalms 71:2, and often), in the land of Oblivion: where men neither remember God (Psalms 6:5) nor are remembered by Him (Psalms 88:5); where thought feeling and action are at an end. See Ecclesiastes 9:5-6; Ecclesiastes 9:10; and even in Sir 17:27-28, Bar 2:17, we hear the echo of Isa 38:18 f.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 88 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleShall thy wonders be known in the dark? - In the dark world; in “the land of darkness and the shadow of death; a land of darkness, as darkness itself, and where the light is as darkness.” Job 10:21-22.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 88 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Will Your wonders be known in the darkness, or Your righteousness in the land of oblivion?
Are your wonders made known in the dark? Or your righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
Will Your wonders be known in the darkness, or Your righteousness in the land of oblivion?
Are your amazing deeds experienced in the dark region, or your deliverance in the land of oblivion?
Tyndale line
Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? And thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
Shall thy wonderous workes be knowen in the darke? and thy righteousnes in the land of obliuion?
Strictly literal
Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
Are Thy wonders known in the darkness? And Thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
Are Your wonders known in the darkness? And Your righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
(88:13) Shall thy wonders be acknowledged in the darkness? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?
Will your wonderful deeds be known in the darkness, or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness?
From the Latin
Thine are the heavens, and thine is the earth: the world and the fulness thereof thou hast founded:
Simplified
Are the wonderful things you do known in the darkness? Is your goodness known in the land of forgetfulness?
May there be knowledge of your wonders in the dark? or of your righteousness where memory is dead?
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Psalms 88:12 reads, "הֲיִוָּדַ֣ע בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ פִּלְאֶ֑ךָ וְ֝צִדְקָתְךָ֗ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ נְשִׁיָּֽה׃" which translates to, "Will Your wonders be known in the darkness, or Your righteousness in the land of oblivion?" The Septuagint, while not providing a direct translation of this verse, has a word-by-word correspondence that matches 4 of the 6 words in the Masoretic Text, indicating some level of agreement in content, though the exact phrasing and structure differ. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variants for this verse, so the primary difference noted here is in the Septuagint's handling of the text, which does not fully align with the Masoretic Text in terms of wording or syntax.
הֲיִוָּדַ֣ע בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ פִּלְאֶ֑ךָ וְ֝צִדְקָתְךָ֗ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ נְשִׁיָּֽה׃
4 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 88:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
יָדַע 943 vb. know
Qal
know, learn to know
perceive
perceive and see; find out and discern
discriminate, distinguish
know by experience
recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
consider
not know = not expect
know a person, be acquainted with
know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
be skilful in
abs. have knowledge, be wise
Niph.
be made known, be or become known, of things
make oneself known of pers.
be perceived
be instructed
Pi. cause to know
Pu. known
Hiph. make known, declare
Hoph. made known
Hithp. make oneself known
base
H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know
. perceive
. perceive and see; find out and discern
. discriminate, distinguish
. know by experience
. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
. consider
. not know = not expect
. know a person, be acquainted with
. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
. be skilful in
. abs. have knowledge, be wise
. . be made known, be or become known, of things
. make oneself known of pers.
. be perceived
. be instructed
. cause to know
. known
. make known, declare
. made known
. make oneself known
3045 yada` yaw-dah'
a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);
used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,
euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,
care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,
punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted
with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,
(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X
could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)
discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,
can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause
to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have
(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be
learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X
prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man
of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,
יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.
1) to know
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to know
1a1a) to know, learn to know
1a1b) to perceive
1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern
1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish
1a1e) to know by experience
1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess
1a1g) to consider
1a2) to know, be acquainted with
1a3) to know (a person carnally)
1a4) to know how, be skilful in
1a5) to have knowledge, be wise
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed
1b2) to make oneself known
1b3) to be perceived
1b4) to be instructed
1c) (Piel) to cause to know
1d) (Poal) to cause to know
1e) (Pual)
1e1) to be known
1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)
1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare
1g) (Hophal) to be made known
1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself
Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)
HTi/VNi3ms — Particle · verb niphal imperfect third person masculine singularHTi/VNi3ms
חֹ֫שֶׁךְ (choshek) refers to darkness or obscurity, both in a literal sense and in various figurative contexts such as distress, ignorance, and evil. It can also denote secret or hiding places. The word is built from a root meaning 'dark' and encompasses a range of meanings related to judgment and confusion.
חֹ֫שֶׁךְ n.m. darkness, obscurity
darkness (opp. אוֹר)
= secret place(s); = hiding-place
fig.
= distress
= dread, terror, symbol. of judgment
= mourning
= perplexity; confusion
= ignorance
= evil, sin
= obscurity
base
H2822 חֹ֫שֶׁךְ darkness, obscurity . darkness (opp. אוֹר)
. = secret place(s); = hiding-place
. fig. . = distress
. = dread, terror, symbol. of judgment
. = mourning
. = perplexity; confusion
. = ignorance
. = evil, sin
. = obscurity
2822 choshek kho-shek'
from 2821; the dark; hence (literally) darkness;
figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow,
wickedness:--dark(-ness), night, obscurity.
see HEBREW for 02821
חֹ֫שֶׁךְ (cho.shekh) — darkness.
1) darkness, obscurity
1a) darkness
1b) secret place
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
Darkness
The plague (the ninth) of darkness in Egypt (Ex. 10:21) is described as darkness “which may be felt.” It covered “all the land of Egypt,” so that “they saw not one another.” It did not extend to the land of Goshen (ver. 23).
When Jesus hung upon the cross (Matt. 27:45; Luke 23:44), from the “sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.”
is spoken of as encompassing the actual presence of God, as that out of which he speaks, --the envelope, as it were, of divine glory. (Exodus 20:21; 1 Kings 8:12) The plague of darkness in Egypt was miraculous. The darkness "over all the land," (Matthew 27:45) attending the crucifixion has been attributed to an eclipse, but was undoubtedly miraculous, as no eclipse of the sun could have taken place at that time, the moon being at the full at the time of the passover. Darkness is also, as in the expression "land of darkness," used for the state of the dead, (Job 10:21,22) and frequently, figuratively, for ignorance and unbelief, as the privation of spiritual light. (
The absence of natural light, Ge 1:2, and hence figuratively a state of misery and adversity, Job 18:6 Ps 107:10 Isa 8:22 9:1; also the absence of the sun and stars, and hence the fall of chief men and national convulsions, Isa 13:10 Ac 2:20. "Works of darkness," are the impure mysteries practiced in heathen worship, Eph 5:11. "Outer darkness" illustrates the gloom of those on whom the gates of heaven are closed, Mt 8:12. The darkness in Egypt,
פֶּ֫לֶא (pele') means 'wonder' or 'marvel,' referring to extraordinary or hard-to-understand events, often associated with God's acts of judgment and redemption. It is derived from a root meaning 'to be extraordinary.' The entries consistently emphasize its connection to miraculous occurrences.
פֶּ֫לֶא n.m. wonder (NH id.; as unusual, extraordinary)
base
H6382 פֶּ֫לֶא wonder
6382 pele' peh'-leh
from 6381; a miracle:--marvellous thing,
wonder(-ful, -fully).
see HEBREW for 06381
פֶּ֫לֶא (pe.le) — wonder.
1) wonder, marvel
1a) wonder (extraordinary, hard to understand thing)
1b) wonder (of God's acts of judgment and redemption)
HNcmsc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
צְדָקָה (tsdaqah) means 'righteousness' and encompasses various aspects such as justice, truthfulness, and ethical rightness. It can refer to God's attribute of sovereignty, righteousness in governance, and even justification or salvation. The term also implies righteous acts and has an Aramaic equivalent, צִדְקָה (tsid.qah).
צְדָקָה 157 n.f. righteousness
righteousness, in government
God's attribute as sovereign
righteousness, in a case or cause
righteousness = truthfulness
righteousness, as ethically right
righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.
pl. righteous acts
base
H6666 צְדָקָה righteousness . righteousness, in government
. God's attribute as sovereign
. righteousness, in a case or cause
. righteousness = truthfulness
. righteousness, as ethically right
. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.
. pl. righteous acts
6666 tsdaqah tsed-aw-kaw'
from 6663; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude),
objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively
(prosperity):--justice, moderately, right(-eous)
(act, -ly, -ness).
see HEBREW for 06663
צְדָקָה (tse.da.qah) — righteousness.
1) justice, righteousness
1a) righteousness (in government)
1a1) of judge, ruler, king
1a2) of law
1a3) of Davidic king Messiah
1b) righteousness (of God's attribute)
1c) righteousness (in a case or cause)
1d) righteousness, truthfulness
1e) righteousness (as ethically right)
1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification, salvation
1f1) of God
1f2) prosperity (of people)
1g) righteous acts
Aramaic equivalent: tsid.qah (צִדְקָה "righteousness" H6665)
HC/Ncfsc/Sp2ms — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp2ms
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
HR/Ncfsc — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נְשִׁיָּה (nshiyah) means forgetfulness or oblivion, derived from the root word for 'to forget.' It is mentioned in Psalm 88:13, indicating a state of being forgotten or overlooked.
נְשִׁיָּה n.f. forgetfulness, oblivion, ψ 88:13
ref
H5388 נְשִׁיָּה
5388 nshiyah nesh-ee-yaw'
from 5382; oblivion; --forgetfulness.
see HEBREW for 05382
נְשִׁיָּה (ne.shiy.yah) — forgetfulness.
forgetfulness, oblivion
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa