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Psalms 68:24 — Word Study

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WLCרָא֣וּ הֲלִיכוֹתֶ֣יךָ אֱלֹהִ֑ים הֲלִ֘יכ֤וֹת אֵלִ֖י מַלְכִּ֣י בַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃

BSAbecausemaʻan to woundmâchats footregel blooddâm tonguelâshôwn dogkeleb enemyʼôyêb frommin

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 68
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 24 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (va.Ko.desh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 68:24quick helps
In a sentenceThe people have witnessed God's majestic procession into the sanctuary.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, celebrating God's presence.
Where we areIn a poetic description of God's triumphant entry.
The hard wordהֲלִיכוֹתֶיךָ
Take awayGod's presence is both visible and powerful.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbלְמַעַן The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 68:24

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Procession of Godgenerated

23that your foot may be dipped in the blood of your foes— the tongues of your dogs in the same.”
24They have seen Your procession, O God— the march of my God and King into the sanctuary.
25The singers lead the way, the musicians follow after, among the maidens playing tambourines.
26Bless God in the great congregation; bless the LORD from the fountain of Israel.

Psalms 68:24 describes a scene where the people have seen the glorious procession of God, indicating His presence and majesty as He enters the sanctuary, a sacred space. This imagery evokes the celebration of God's might and the joy of His followers as they witness this divine event, reminiscent of the Israelites' journeys and God's guidance throughout their history.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 24:7–10Lift up your heads, O gates! Be lifted up, O ancient doors, that the King of Glory may enter!
2Psalm 47:5–7God has ascended amid shouts of joy, the LORD with the sound of the horn.
32 Samuel 6:12–17Now it was reported to King David, “The LORD has blessed the house of Obed-edom and all that belongs to him, because of the ark of God.” So David went and had the ark of God brought up from the house of Obed-edom into the City of David with rejoicing.
41 Chronicles 13:8David and all the Israelites were celebrating before God with all their might, with songs and on harps and lyres, with tambourines, cymbals, and trumpets.
51 Chronicles 15:16–24David also told the leaders of the Levites to appoint their relatives as singers to lift up their voices with joy, accompanied by musical instruments—harps, lyres, and cymbals.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word הֲלִיכוֹתֶיךָ, ha.li.kho.Tei.khagenerated

The word הֲלִיכוֹת (haliykot) is a feminine noun derived from the root for walking, indicating processions or journeys. It encompasses the idea of movement, particularly in a group, and is often used in biblical contexts to describe the travels of the Israelites or divine movements.

In this verse, it signifies the act of God moving into the sanctuary, emphasizing the communal aspect of worship and the significance of God's presence among His people.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb in this verse is רָא֣וּ, they have seen, which governs the entire sentence. The structure includes a noun phrase that serves as the object, specifying what was seen, followed by a prepositional phrase that describes the setting of the action.

The order emphasizes the act of seeing first, drawing attention to the people's experience of witnessing God's procession into the sanctuary.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates הֲלִיכוֹתֶיךָ as πούς (pous), which means 'foot' or 'step.' This choice highlights the physical aspect of God's movement, suggesting a more intimate connection with His presence as He walks among His people.

This translation implies a focus on the act of walking, reinforcing the idea of God's active involvement in the lives of His followers.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 68:24 describes how the people have witnessed God's majestic procession into the sanctuary. This moment highlights the significance of God's presence and the joy of His followers as they celebrate His might and glory.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that the people have seen God's procession?

It signifies that the people have witnessed God's powerful presence as He enters the sacred space, emphasizing His majesty and the importance of worship.

Why is the sanctuary significant in this verse?

The sanctuary represents a holy place where God dwells and is worshipped, highlighting the reverence and awe associated with His presence.

What does the word 'procession' imply about God's movement?

The term 'procession' suggests a grand and celebratory movement, indicating the importance of God's entry and His relationship with His people.

How does this verse connect to the journeys of the Israelites?

It reflects the historical context of the Israelites' travels and God's guidance, reinforcing the theme of His constant presence and care for His people.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I recognize and celebrate God's presence in my life, similar to the people in this verse?
  2. What are some ways I can honor God in my own 'sanctuary' or place of worship?
  3. How does understanding God's procession impact my view of His majesty and power?
  4. In what ways can I share the joy of witnessing God's presence with others?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Augustine of Hippo references this verse in his exposition, discussing the significance of God's steps and presence in the world.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 68 354–430
"There have been seen Your steps, O God" [Psalms 68:24]. The steps are those wherewith You have come through the world,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 68 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 68:24 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

They have seen thy goings, O God,.... In saving his people, and destroying his enemies; [even] the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary; the walk and conversation of Christ, when he was made

Read John Gill on Psalms 68 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary. They have seen. The crowding spectators have seen, as distinguished from those forming the procession.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 68 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

They have seen: it is an indefinite expression; men saw and observed it, thy people to their comfort, and thine enemies with terror and astonishment. Thy goings; either, 1. How thou didst march before them through the Red Sea and the wilderness, even until thou didst bring them into Canaan, and afterward, as occasion was, and how thou didst subdue their enemies before them. Or rather, 2. The procession of the ark to Zion, the solemnity whereof is particularly described in the following verses. In the sanctuary; or, in holiness; for it was not a light and carnal, but a holy pomp; or, in the holy place; as the ark, in and with which God is supposed to go, might very fitly and truly be called.…

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 68 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 68:24 They have seen thy goings, O God; [even] the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary.Ver. 24. They have seen thy goings, O God] Namely, the holy manner of conducting the ark with even and proportionable restings and settings down (Diod.). See 2 Samuel 6:13. The ark is here and elsewhere called God, because a symbol of his special presence. When we are called to hear God’ s word, and pray publicly, though we see not God, yet we may see his goings Deus enim ipse chorum agit, et primas tenet in illo incessu (Vatab.). Of my God, my King] David, though he were a king, yet held himself but God’ s mandatory, or substitute.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 68 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(24-27) These hopes of national deliverance are kept alive in the worship of the sanctuary, which the poet now proceeds to describe. A solemn procession advances to the Temple, and we have a description of it by one evidently as interested in this ritual as familiar with it.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 68 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 24. They have seen thy goings] These kings of the Amorites have seen thy terrible majesty in their discomfiture, and the slaughter of their subjects.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 68 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

24–27. These verses describe a solemn procession of thanksgiving to the Temple. But is it past, present, or future? Delitzsch is right when he says that it is “not the rejoicing over a victory lately won, not the rejoicing over the deliverance at the Red Sea in the days of old, but the rejoicing of Israel when it shall have seen the judicial and redemptive act of its God and King.” It is an ‘ideal’ description. The poet’s imagination springs forward to the great celebration of the victory described in Psalms 68:21-23. It rises before his eyes as an actual fact.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 68 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

They have seen thy goings, O God - That is, the lookers on in the solemn procession referred to in Psalms 68:25; or, in other words, Thy goings have been attended by pomp and magnificence, and have been witnessed by multitudes.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 68 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

They have seen Your procession, O God— the march of my God and King into the sanctuary.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

They have seen your processions, God, even the processions of my God, my King, into the sanctuary.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

They have seen Your procession, O God—the march of my God and King into the sanctuary.

NETBNew English Translation2006

They see your processions, O God – the processions of my God, my king, who marches along in holy splendor.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

They have seen thy goings, O God, Even the goings of my God, my King, into the sanctuary.

RVARevised Version, American1894

They have seen thy goings, O God, even the goings of my God, my King, into the sanctuary.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

They haue seene, O God, thy goings, the goings of my God, and my King, which art in the Sanctuarie.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

They have seen thy goings, O God, the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

They have seen Thy goings, O God, Goings of my God, my king, in the sanctuary.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

They have seen Your goings, O God, || Goings of my God, my king, in the sanctuary.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(68:25) Men see thy goings forth, O God! the goings forth of my God, my King, into the sanctuary.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

They have seen your processions, God, the processions of my God, my King, into the holy place.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Let their eyes be darkened that they see not; and their back bend thou down always.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

People watch your processions, God—the processions of my God and King as they go into the Temple.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

We see your going, O God: even the going of my God, my King, into the holy place.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseverbרָא֣וּpeople.have.seennoun phrase · objectהֲלִיכוֹתֶ֣יprocessionsךָyourclauseאֱלֹהִ֑יםO.Godclausenoun phrase · objectnoun phraseהֲלִ֘יכ֤וֹתthe.processionsnoun phrasenoun phraseאֵלִ֖my.Godיmynoun phraseמַלְכִּ֣kingיmyprepositional phraseבַinnoun phrasethe.holyקֹּֽדֶשׁplace

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with all seven words matching in the Hebrew and Greek. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the imagery and themes present in the text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

רָא֣וּ הֲלִיכוֹתֶ֣יךָ אֱלֹהִ֑ים הֲלִ֘יכ֤וֹת אֵלִ֖י מַלְכִּ֣י בַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
רָא֣וּὅπωςהֲלִיכוֹתֶ֣יךָπούςאֱלֹהִ֑יםσουהֲלִ֘יכ֤וֹתἐνאֵלִ֖יγλῶσσαמַלְכִּ֣יσουבַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ἐξθρῶν

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 68:24רָאָהpeople havepeople have seeרָאָההֲלִיכָהprocessionsprocessions youהֲלִיכָהאֱלֹהִיםO GodO Godאֱלֹהִיםהֲלִיכָה[the] proce[the] processioהֲלִיכָהאֵלGod myGod myאֵלמֶ֫לֶךְking myking myמֶ֫לֶךְקֹ֫דֶשׁin the holyin the holy plaקֹ֫דֶשׁהָלִיךְstepstepהָלִיךְאַ֫יִלramramאַ֫יִלמָלַךְto reignto reignמָלַךְקָדַשׁto consecrto consecrate: קָדַשׁאֱלֹהַּgodgodאֱלֹהַּאֵלgodgodאֵלעֳנִיafflictionafflictionעֳנִינָבַטto lookto lookנָבַטאַחֵרanotheranotherאַחֵראֲרוֹןarkarkאֲרוֹןקַנָּאjealousjealousקַנָּאשַׁדַּיAlmightyAlmightyשַׁדַּינְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּרNebuchadneNebuchadnezzarנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּראַשּׁוּרAsshurAsshurאַשּׁוּרמִקְרָאassemblyassemblyמִקְרָאשֶׁ֫קֶלshekelshekelשֶׁ֫קֶל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 68:24

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

people have seen processions your O God [the] processions of God my king my in the holy place
רָא֣וּra.'U people have seen H7200 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
1,300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Tyndale gloss
Provider
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָאָה 1315 vb. see

Qal 1141

see, subj.

see, c. acc. rei

see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design

see, so as to learn to know

abs. see, have (power of) vision

see = perceive

look at, see, by direct volition

of mental observation

c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

see, c. acc. rei

Niph.

appear

be seen

be visible

Pu. appar. his bones are not detected

Hithp. recipr. look at each other

Hiph.

cause one to see something, shew

cause to experience something

cause to look intently at, to behold

Hoph.

be caused to see, be shewn

be exhibited to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.

. see, c. acc. rei

. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design

. see, so as to learn to know

. abs. see, have (power of) vision

. see = perceive

. look at, see, by direct volition

. of mental observation

. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

. see, c. acc. rei

. . appear

. be seen

. be visible

. appar. his bones are not detected

. recipr. look at each other

. . . cause one to see something, shew

. cause to experience something

. cause to look intently at, to behold

. . be caused to see, be shewn

. be exhibited to

H7200b רְאוּת look

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7200 ra'ah raw-aw'

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in

numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,

intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,

behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have

experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look

(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,

upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,

regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one

another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X

surely, X think, view, visions.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.

: see/show

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out

1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish

1a6) to look at, gaze at

1a7) to provide, choose

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to appear, present oneself

1b2) to be seen

1b3) to be visible

1c) (Pual) to be seen

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to see, show

1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be caused to see, be shown

1e2) to be exhibited to

1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.

: examine/consider

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp
people have seen processions your O God [the] processions of God my king my in the holy place
הֲלִיכוֹתֶ֣יךָha.li.kho.Tei.kha processions your H1979 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Refers to the act of walking or traveling, often in a group or procession. It can also describe a company of people on the move. Used in the Bible to describe the Israelites' journeys.
Tyndale gloss
walk
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֲלִיכָה (haliykah) is a feminine noun derived from the root word for walking. It encompasses meanings related to movement, such as a way, a march, or a travelling company. The term can refer to various forms of movement or procession, including a caravan.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[הֲלִיכָה] n.f. a going, way, travelling-company

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1979 הֲלִיכָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1979 haliykah hal-ee-kaw'

feminine of 1978; a walking; by implication, a procession or

march, a caravan:--company, going, walk, way.

see HEBREW for 01978

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֲלִיכָה (ha.li.khah) — walk.

1) going, doing, travelling company, way

1a) going, walk, marching, doings

1b) travelling company, caravan

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpc/Sp2ms — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp2ms
people have seen processions your O God [the] processions of God my king my in the holy place
אֱלֹהִ֑ים'E.lo.Him O God H430 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
2,603× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for God, elohim, refers to the one supreme God, and is sometimes used to show respect to judges or magistrates. It is also used to describe angels or mighty beings. This word is closely related to the name of the Lord, Yahweh, and is often translated as God or gods in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
God
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֱלֹהִים (elohiym) is a plural noun meaning 'gods' or 'God,' often referring to the supreme deity in the Old Testament. It encompasses divine beings, rulers, and judges, reflecting divine majesty and power. The term can also denote angels and is used in a superlative sense. Notably, it is sometimes combined with יהוה (YHWH), the personal name of God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱלֹהִים 2570 n.m.pl.

pl. in number.

rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

angels

gods

pl. intensive

god or goddess

godlike one

works of God, or things belongng to him

God

הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

אֱלֹהִים = God

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H430 אֱלֹהִים n. m. pl. . pl. in number. . rulers, judges, either asdivine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

. angels

. gods

. pl. intensive . god or goddess

. godlike one

. works of God, or things belongng to him

. God

. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

. אֱלֹהִים = God

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

430 'elohiym el-o-heem'

plural of 433; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically

used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the

supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to

magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:--angels, X

exceeding, God (gods)(-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X

mighty.

see HEBREW for 0433

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — God.

This name means "gods" (plural intensive-singular meaning), "God"

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (LORD)-Elohe.

Combined with ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (Gibeath)-elohim.

Combined with giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeath" H1389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

god ('Elohim, 'El, [`Elyon], Shadday, Yahweh; Theos):

I. INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL IDEA

1. The Idea in Experience and in Thought

2. Definition of the Idea

3. The Knowledge of God

4. Ethnic Ideas of God

(1) Animism

(2) Fetishism

(3) Idolatry

(4) Polytheism

(5) Henotheism

(6) Pantheism

(7) Deism

(8) Semitic Monolatry

(9) Monotheism

II. THE IDEA OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

1. The Course of Its Development

2. Forms of Its Manifestation

(1) The Face or Countenance of God

(2) The Voice and Word of God

(3) The Glory of God

(4) The Angel of God

(5) The Spirit of God

(6) The Name of God

(7) Occasional Forms

3. The Names of God

(1) Generic

(2) Attributive

(3) Yahweh

4. Pre-prophetic Conceptions of God

(1) Yahweh Alone Is the God of Israel

(a) His Early Worship

(b) Popular Religion

(c) Polytheistic Tendencies

(i) Coordination

(ii) Assimilation

(iii) Disintegration

(d) No Hebrew Goddesses

(e) Human Sacrifices

Easton's Bible Dictionary

God

(A.S. and Dutch God; Dan. Gud; Ger. Gott), the name of the Divine Being. It is the rendering (1) of the Hebrew ’El, from a word meaning to be strong; (2) of ’Eloah_, plural _’Elohim. The singular form, Eloah, is used only in poetry. The plural form is more commonly used in all parts of the Bible, The Hebrew word Jehovah (q.v.), the only other word generally employed to denote the Supreme Being, is uniformly rendered in the Authorized Version by “LORD,” printed in small capitals. The existence of God is taken for granted in the Bible. There is nowhere any argument to prove it. He who disbelieves this truth is spoken of as one devoid of understanding (Ps. 14:1).

The arguments generally adduced by theologians in proof of the being of God are:

(1.) The a priori argument, which is the testimony afforded by reason.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being--ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and JEHOVAH, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength , as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (Genesis 17:1; 28:3; Exodus 6:3) The etymology is uncertain, but it is generally agreed that the primary idea is that of strength, power of effect , and that it properly describes God in that character in which he is exhibited to all men in his works, as the creator, sustainer and supreme governor of the world. The plural form of Elohim has given rise to much discussion. The fanciful idea that it…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

This name, the derivation of which is uncertain, we give to that eternal, infinite, perfect, and incomprehensible Being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs all by his almighty power and wisdom, and is the only proper object of worship. The proper Hebrew name for God is JEHOVAH, which signifies He is. But the Jews, from a feeling of reverence, avoid pronouncing this name, substituting for it, wherever it occurs in the sacred test, the word ADONAI, Lord; except in the expression, ADONAI JEHOVAH, Lord Jehovah, for which they put, ADONAI ELOHIM, Lord God. This usage, which is not without an element of superstition, is very ancient, dating its origin some centuries before Christ; but there is no good ground for assuming its existence in the days of the inspired Old Testament writers. The proper word for God is ELOHIM, which is plural in its form, being thus used to signify…

people have seen processions your O God [the] processions of God my king my in the holy place
הֲלִ֘יכ֤וֹתha.Li.Khot [the] processions of H1979 Noun common · feminine plural construct
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Refers to the act of walking or traveling, often in a group or procession. It can also describe a company of people on the move. Used in the Bible to describe the Israelites' journeys.
Tyndale gloss
walk
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֲלִיכָה (haliykah) is a feminine noun derived from the root word for walking. It encompasses meanings related to movement, such as a way, a march, or a travelling company. The term can refer to various forms of movement or procession, including a caravan.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[הֲלִיכָה] n.f. a going, way, travelling-company

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1979 הֲלִיכָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1979 haliykah hal-ee-kaw'

feminine of 1978; a walking; by implication, a procession or

march, a caravan:--company, going, walk, way.

see HEBREW for 01978

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֲלִיכָה (ha.li.khah) — walk.

1) going, doing, travelling company, way

1a) going, walk, marching, doings

1b) travelling company, caravan

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpc — Noun common · feminine plural construct
HNcfpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

people have seen processions your O God [the] processions of God my king my in the holy place
אֵלִ֖י'e.Li God my H410 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
241× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, 'el means strength or power, and is often used to refer to God or false gods. It describes something or someone as mighty or powerful, like the Almighty. This concept is central to understanding the Bible's view of God.
Tyndale gloss
god
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֵל (*'el*) primarily means 'god' and conveys the idea of might or strength. It can refer to the one true God of Israel, as well as to other deities, angels, and mighty men. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including nature and power, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵל n.m. god, but with various subordinate applications to express the idea of might

applied to men of might and rank

angels

gods of the nations

Ēl

as characterizing mighty things in nature

God, the one only and true God of Israel

אֵל strength, power

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H410 אֵל god, but with various subordinate applications to express the idea of might . applied to men of might and rank

. angels

. gods of the nations

. Ēl

. as characterizing mighty things in nature

. God, the one only and true God of Israel

. אֵל strength, power

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

410 'el ale

shortened from 352; strength; as adjective, mighty;

especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity):--God

(god), X goodly, X great, idol, might(-y one), power, strong.

Compare names in "-el."

see HEBREW for 0352

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵל (el) — God.

This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

אֵל (el) — El (Berith).

This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power

Combined with "Berith" (berith בְּרִית H1286)

אֵל (el) — El (Elohe).

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power

Combined with "God" (elohim אֱלֹהִים H0430)

אֵל (el) — El (Most High).

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power

Combined with "Most High" (el.yon עֶלְיוֹן H5945B)

אֵל (el) — god.

: god

1) god, god-like one, mighty one

1a) mighty men, men of rank, mighty heroes

1b) angels

1c) god, false god, (demons, imaginations)

1d) God, the one true God, Jehovah

2) mighty things in nature

3) strength, power

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp1bs
people have seen processions your O God [the] processions of God my king my in the holy place
מַלְכִּ֣יmal.Ki king my H4428 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
2,526× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Tyndale gloss
King's
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4428 melek meh'-lek

from 4427; a king:--king, royal.

see HEBREW for 04427

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.

1) king

Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)

הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.

'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.

Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp1bs
people have seen processions your O God [the] processions of God my king my in the holy place
בַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃va.Ko.desh in the holy place H6944 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
469× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Holy Place refers to a sacred or set-apart area, like the temple in Jerusalem. It is a place of sanctity and holiness, where God is worshipped. The Bible describes it as a place of reverence and awe.
Tyndale gloss
Holy Place
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קֹ֫דֶשׁ (qodesh) refers to the concepts of apartness, sacredness, and holiness. It can denote a sacred place or thing, such as the Most Holy Place or a sanctuary. The term emphasizes the idea of being set apart, whether in relation to God, places, or objects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קֹ֫דֶשׁ 469 n.m. apartness, sacredness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6944 קֹ֫דֶשׁ apartness, sacredness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6944 qodesh ko'-desh

from 6942; a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract,

sanctity:--consecrated (thing), dedicated (thing), hallowed

(thing), holiness, (X most) holy (X day, portion, thing),

saint, sanctuary.

see HEBREW for 06942

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קֹ֫דֶשׁ (qo.desh) — holiness.

1) apartness, holiness, sacredness, separateness

1a) apartness, sacredness, holiness

1a1) of God

1a2) of places

1a3) of things

1b) set-apartness, separateness

קֹ֫דֶשׁ (qo.desh) — Most Holy Place.

This name means apartness, holiness, sacredness

Also named: hagion (ἅγιον "Most Holy Place" G0039H)

קֹ֫דֶשׁ (qo.desh) — (Way of) Holiness.

Combined with de.rekh (דֶּ֫רֶךְ "Way" H1870H)

This name means apartness, holiness, sacredness

קֹ֫דֶשׁ (qo.desh) — Holy Place.

This name means apartness, holiness, sacredness

Also named: hagion (ἅγιον "Holy Place" G0039)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

plas: Normally for maqom, Old Testament, and topos, New Testament, but in the King James Version "place" represents a great number of Hebrew and Greek words, often used with no difference in force (e.g. 2Ch 35:10,15). the Revised Version (British and American) has made few changes, but occasionally has attempted to specialize the meaning (Ge 40:13; Job 37:8; Ac 8:32; Jas 3:11, etc.).

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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