Psalms 136:23 — Word Study
WLCשֶׁ֭בְּשִׁפְלֵנוּ זָ֣כַר לָ֑נוּ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃
BSAHe rememberedzâkar■ [kept in mind, did not forget] in our low estateshephel [humiliation, poverty, base condition] His loving devotionchêçêd [kindness, mercy, faithful love] endures foreverʻôwlâm [lasts, continues, for all eternity, always]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שֶׁ֭בְּשִׁפְלֵנוּ | who in low condition our | Particle, preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| זָ֣כַר | he remembered | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| לָ֑נוּ | us | Preposition, suffix |
| כִּ֖י | for | Particle |
| לְעוֹלָ֣ם | [is] for ever | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ | covenant loyalty his | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He remembered us in our low estate His loving devotion endures forever. |
| KJV | Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for ever: |
| ASV | Who remembered us in our low estate; For his lovingkindness endureth for ever; |
| YLT | Who in our lowliness hath remembered us, For to the age [is] His kindness. |
| WEB | who remembered us in our low estate, for his loving kindness endures forever; |
| BBE | Who kept us in mind when we were in trouble: for his mercy is unchanging for ever. |
Translations agree on the essence of God's remembrance and loving devotion.
The sentence has a main clause with two phrases providing context about the condition and duration of God's loving devotion.






7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
verbזָכַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 136:23
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Enduring Lovegenerated
Psalms 136:23 reflects on God's unwavering commitment to His people, especially during their times of need. The psalmist emphasizes that even when Israel finds itself in a lowly state, God remembers them with kindness and mercy. This theme of divine remembrance is echoed throughout the psalm, highlighting God's faithfulness across generations, as seen in the preceding and following verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 102:17 | He will turn toward the prayer of the destitute; He will not despise their prayer. |
| 2 | Psalm 106:43–45 | Many times He rescued them, but they were bent on rebellion and sank down in their iniquity. |
| 3 | Genesis 8:1 | But God remembered Noah and all the animals and livestock that were with him in the ark. And God sent a wind over the earth, and the waters began to subside. |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 32:36 | For the LORD will vindicate His people and have compassion on His servants when He sees that their strength is gone and no one remains, slave or free. |
| 5 | Isaiah 63:9 | In all their distress, He too was afflicted, and the Angel of His Presence saved them. In His love and compassion He redeemed them; He lifted them up and carried them all the days of old. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שֶׁ֭בְּשִׁפְלֵנוּ, she.be.shif.le.nugenerated
The word שֵׁ֫פֶל (shephel) indicates a state of lowliness or humility, often associated with poverty or a low social rank. It is derived from a root meaning 'to be low', emphasizing a humble condition.
In this verse, it underscores the plight of the people, reminding us that God is aware of their struggles and does not forget them. The parsing as a noun in the construct state with a suffix indicates that it refers specifically to 'our low estate', making it personal and communal.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the phrase He remembered us in our low estate.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb זָ֣כַר, he remembered, governs the clause, indicating the action of God towards His people. The structure includes a noun phrase שֶׁ֭בְּשִׁפְלֵנוּ that specifies the condition of the people, followed by a prepositional phrase לְעוֹלָ֣ם that describes the duration of God's loving devotion.
The sentence emphasizes God's action in remembering His people and the lasting nature of His kindness, reflecting a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew זָ֣כַר is translated as ἐμνήσθη, which also means 'he remembered'. This choice aligns well with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the focus on God's active remembrance.
The Greek term ἡμῶν corresponds to the suffix in the Hebrew לָ֑נוּ, indicating the personal nature of God's remembrance towards His people.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 136:23 tells us that God remembers His people, especially when they are in a low state. His loving devotion lasts forever, showing His unwavering kindness and mercy towards them.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that God is aware of our struggles and does not forget us, showing His kindness and mercy even in difficult times.
This verse highlights God's faithfulness and loving devotion, assuring us that He cares for us and remembers us in our times of need.
Remembrance signifies active engagement; it shows that God's love is not passive but involves caring for and acting on behalf of His people.
We learn that God's promises endure forever, and He remains faithful to His word, providing hope and assurance to His people.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to remember God's faithfulness, especially in low times?
- How can I reflect God's loving devotion to others in my community?
- What does it mean for me personally that God remembers me?
- How can I encourage others who feel forgotten or in a low estate?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers, such as Augustine of Hippo, reference this verse to illustrate God's redemptive actions toward His people, emphasizing His loving kindness.
"Who remembered us in our low estate" [Psalms 136:23], "and redeemed us from our enemies" [Psalms 136:24] by the Blood…Early Church Fathers on Psalms 136 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 136:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWho remembered us in our low estate,.... The Israelites; either in Egypt, as Jarchi, when in bondage and distress there, and sent them a deliverer; or in the times of the Judges, whom God raised up
Read John Gill on Psalms 136 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWho remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for ever: Who remembered us in our low estate - namely, in Babylon, from which He has lately delivered us (Psalms 115:12; Psalms 113:7).
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 136 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 136:23 Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy [endureth] for ever:Ver. 23. Who remembered us in our low estate] Still God helpeth those who are forsaken of their hopes, et vindictae gladium miserationis oleo emollit, as Nicephorus saith.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 136 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 23. Who remembered us in our low estate] He has done much for our forefathers; and he has done much for us, in delivering us, when we had no helper, from our long captivity in Babylon.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 136 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges23–26. Jehovah the Deliverer of Israel and the Supporter of all things living.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 136 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWho remembered us in our low estate - When we were few in number; when we were a feeble people; when we were a people unable to contend with such mighty foes.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 136 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible23. The remainder of the psalm recites their recent history. Our low estate—An evident allusion to their Babylonian exile; as is also redeemed us from our enemies, Psalms 136:24
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 136 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He remembered us in our low estate His loving devotion endures forever.
who remembered us in our low estate, for his loving kindness endures forever;
He remembered us in our low estate His loving devotion endures forever.
to the one who remembered us when we were down, for his loyal love endures,
Tyndale line
Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for ever:
Who remembered us in our low estate; For his lovingkindness endureth for ever;
Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for ever:
Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for ever:
Which remembred vs in our base estate: for his mercie endureth for euer:
Strictly literal
Who hath remembered us in our low estate, for his loving-kindness [endureth] for ever;
Who in our lowliness hath remembered us, For to the age [is] His kindness.
Who has remembered us in our lowliness, || For His kindness [is] for all time.
Who hath in our low estate remembered us; for to eternity endureth his kindness;
to him who called us to mind and helped us in our humiliation, for his covenant faithfulness endures forever.
Simplified
He remembered us even in our humiliation. For his trustworthy love lasts forever.
Who kept us in mind when we were in trouble: for his mercy is unchanging for ever.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with all six words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls show partial restoration but maintain the core message, affirming God's remembrance and kindness.
שֶׁ֭בְּשִׁפְלֵנוּ זָ֣כַר לָ֑נוּ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[שבשפל׳נו] זכר ל׳נו כי לעולם [חסד׳ו]
2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 2 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 136:23
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שֵׁ֫פֶל (shephel) refers to a low estate or condition, often associated with humility or poverty. It is derived from a root meaning 'to be low' and is used to describe a humble rank or base state.
שֵׁ֫פֶל n.[m.] low estate, condition
base
H8216 שֵׁ֫פֶל, שֶׁפֶל
8216 shephel shay'-fel
from 8213; an humble rank:--low estate (place).
see HEBREW for 08213
שֵׁ֫פֶל (she.phel) — poverty.
lowliness, low estate or condition
Rel | Prep | N-ms | Suff — Particle · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHTr/R/Ncmsc/Sp1bp
The Hebrew word זָכַר (zakar) means 'to remember' and is built from a primitive root implying recognition. It covers a range of meanings, including recalling thoughts, commemorating days, and causing others to remember. The entries also note its use in various grammatical forms, such as being remembered or making a memorial.
זָכַר vb. remember
Qal
Human subj.
remember, recall, call to mind, usu. as affecting present feeling, thought or action
remember persons (human subj.)
remember י׳
remember
think of or on, call to mind something present or future
remember a day, to observe, commemorate it
remember, with implied mention of, obj.
Subj. י׳ (אלהִם)
remember persons
remember the distress of his servants
their devotion
remember his own covenant (with them)
his mercy
extenuating circumstances
remember sins, idolatries
Niph.
be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usu. c. neg.
neg. be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation
be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated
Hiph.
cause to remember, remind
cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
mention
record, only pt.
of sacrifice, make a memorial
base
H2142 זָכַר remember .. Human subj. . remember, recall, call to mind, usu. as affecting present feeling, thought or action
. remember persons (human subj.)
. remember י׳
. remember
. think of or on, call to mind something present or future
. remember a day, to observe, commemorate it
. remember, with implied mention of, obj.
. Subj. י׳ (אלהִם) . remember persons
. . remember the distress of his servants
. their devotion
. . remember his own covenant (with them)
. his mercy
. extenuating circumstances
. remember sins, idolatries
. . be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usu. c. neg.
. neg. be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation
. be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated
. . cause to remember, remind
. cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
. mention
. record, only pt.
. of sacrifice, make a memorial
2142 zakar zaw-kar'
a primitive root; properly, to mark (so as to be recognized),
i.e. to remember; by implication, to mention; also (as
denominative from 2145) to be male:--X burn (incense), X
earnestly, be male, (make) mention (of), be mindful, recount,
record(-er), remember, make to be remembered, bring (call,
come, keep, put) to (in) remembrance, X still, think on, X
well.
see HEBREW for 02145
זָכַר (za.khar) — to remember.
1) to remember, recall, call to mind
1a) (Qal) to remember, recall
1b) (Niphal) to be brought to remembrance, be remembered, be thought of, be brought to mind
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to remember, remind
1c2) to cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
1c3) to mention
1c4) to record
1c5) to make a memorial, make remembrance
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
נוּ (nu) — us.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural
HR/Sp1bp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bp
US, pronoun objective case of we.
Give us this day our daily bread.
Us , pron. [OE. us, AS. s; akin to OFries. & OS. s, D. ons, G. uns, Icel. & Sw. oss, Dan. os, Goth. uns, L. nos we, us, Gr. we, Skr. nas us. . Cf. Nostrum, Our.] The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; — the objective case of we. See We. “Tell us a tale.” Chaucer.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.
Us, pron. oblique case of we
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
HTc — ParticleHTc
for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…
עוֹלָם (owlam) refers to concepts of long duration, antiquity, and futurity, encompassing meanings like eternity and perpetual existence. It is derived from a root meaning 'concealed' or 'the vanishing point.' The term is used to describe both ancient times and an indefinite future, indicating continuity and everlastingness.
עוֹלָם 439 n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity
base
H5769 עוֹלָם long duration, antiquity, futurity
5769 `owlam o-lawm'
or lolam {o-lawm'}; from 5956; properly, concealed, i.e. the
vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future),
i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
(especially with prepositional prefix) always:--alway(-s),
ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for,
(n-))ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of)
old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world
(+ without end). Compare 5331, 5703.
see HEBREW for 05956
see HEBREW for 05331
see HEBREW for 05703
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: enduring.
: enduring/eternal
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — Everlasting.
This name means long duration, everlasting, perpetual
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: any time.
: any_time
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: antiquity.
: old/ancient
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) primarily means kindness or goodness, often referring to the kindness of people towards one another, especially towards the needy. It can also denote God's lovingkindness and mercy. Additionally, it has a secondary meaning of shame or reproach. The entries reflect a range of uses, from human interactions to divine attributes.
חֶ֫סֶד 247 n.m. goodness, kindness
of man:
kindness of men toward men, in doing favours and benefits
kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy
(rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety
lovely appearance
of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures.
base
חֶ֫סֶד n.m. shame, reproach
base
H2617a חֶ֫סֶד goodness, kindness . of man: . kindness of men toward men, in doing favours and benefits
. kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy
. (rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety
. lovely appearance
. of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures.
H2617b חֶ֫סֶד shame, reproach
2617 checed kheh'-sed
from 2616; kindness; by implication (towards God) piety:
rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty:--favour,
good deed(-liness, -ness), kindly, (loving-)kindness, merciful
(kindness), mercy, pity, reproach, wicked thing.
see HEBREW for 02616
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) — kindness.
goodness, kindness, faithfulness
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) — shame.
a reproach, shame
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
