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Proverbs 24:9 — Word Study

Depth

WLCזִמַּ֣ת אִוֶּ֣לֶת חַטָּ֑את וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת לְאָדָ֣ם לֵֽץ׃

BSAA foolishʼivveleth [wicked, sinful] schemezimmâh [plan, thought of foolishness] is sinchaṭṭâʼâh [guilt, punishment for sin] and a mockerlûwts [scoffer, one who despises authority] is detestabletôwʻêbah [an abomination, disgusting] to menʼâdâm [humanity, people]

Word
Listen & take awayProverbs 24
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 9 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Letz) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Proverbs 24:9quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse states that a wicked plan is sinful, and that a mocker is detestable to people.
Who is speakingThe author of Proverbs, addressing the nature of foolishness and mockery.
Where we areThis verse is part of a larger discourse on wisdom and folly.
The hard wordחַטָּאת
Take awayFoolish schemes lead to sin and mockery is viewed negatively.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectלֵץ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Proverbs 24:9

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Wisdom and Folly in Proverbsgenerated

8He who plots evil will be called a schemer.
9A foolish scheme is sin, and a mocker is detestable to men.
10If you faint in the day of distress, how small is your strength!
11Rescue those being led away to death, and restrain those stumbling toward the slaughter.

Proverbs 24:9 discusses the nature of foolishness and mockery, contrasting wise behavior with sinful schemes. The surrounding verses highlight the consequences of plotting evil and the importance of moral integrity. This theme is consistent throughout the book of Proverbs, which often contrasts wisdom with folly, urging readers to choose righteousness over wickedness.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Proverbs 24:8He who plots evil will be called a schemer.
2Proverbs 23:7for he is keeping track, inwardly counting the cost. “Eat and drink,” he says to you, but his heart is not with you.
3Genesis 6:5Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time.
4Genesis 8:21When the LORD smelled the pleasing aroma, He said in His heart, “Never again will I curse the ground because of man, even though every inclination of his heart is evil from his youth. And never again will I destroy all living creatures as I have done.
5Psalm 119:113The double-minded I despise, but Your law I love.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word זִמָּה, zi.Matgenerated

The word זִמָּה (zimmah) refers to a wicked or evil plan. It encompasses intentions that are morally wrong, including acts like adultery and idolatry. The parsing as a feminine singular construct indicates it is a specific type of plan, one that is not just bad but inherently evil.

This term captures the essence of malicious scheming, emphasizing that such plans are not merely foolish but sinful. The use of this word in Proverbs highlights the serious moral implications of devising wickedness.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, we reference the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), which uses the term foolish scheme. Other translations like the KJV and ASV also convey a similar meaning with slight variations.

Where translations differ, they do so primarily in the rendering of לֵץ (Letz) — the BSB and others use a mocker, while the ASV opts for scoffer.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is implicit in the structure, with the phrase חַטָּאת (is sin) serving as a predicate to describe the subject לֵץ (a mocker). This structure emphasizes the relationship between the actions and their moral implications.

The sentence is constructed with a noun phrase subject and two predicate clauses, linking the ideas of foolishness and mockery directly to their sinful nature.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates אִוֶּלֶת as ἄφρων (aphron), which means 'foolish' or 'without understanding'. This choice indicates a focus on the lack of wisdom inherent in foolish schemes.

The use of ἁμαρτίαις for חַטָּאת highlights the connection between foolish plans and sin, reinforcing the moral teaching found in the Hebrew text.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Proverbs 24:9 tells us that a foolish scheme is considered sin, and that a mocker is detestable to people. This verse warns against the consequences of wicked plans and attitudes, emphasizing the importance of wisdom and moral integrity.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does a foolish scheme lead to?

A foolish scheme is considered sin, indicating that such plans have moral consequences.

Why is a mocker considered detestable?

A mocker is seen as someone who despises authority and mocks others, which is viewed negatively in society.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Proverbs?

This verse fits within the broader context of Proverbs, which contrasts wisdom with folly and highlights the moral implications of one's actions.

What are the consequences of plotting evil?

Plotting evil is condemned in Proverbs, as it leads to being labeled a schemer and ultimately results in negative outcomes.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I seen foolishness lead to negative consequences in my life?
  2. How can I avoid being a mocker or scoffer in my interactions with others?
  3. What steps can I take to develop wisdom and discernment in my decisions?
  4. How does understanding the nature of sin help me in my daily choices?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Proverbs 24:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

The thoughts of foolishness [is] sin,.... The thought of sin is sin (e), before it comes into action; the motions of sin in the mind, the workings of corrupt nature in the heart, the sinful desires

Read John Gill on Proverbs 24 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The thought of foolishness is sin: and the scorner is an abomination to men. The thought (Hebrew, zimat (H2154); literally, evil or mischievous counsel) of foolishness (i:e., of the man of foolishness) (is) sin.

Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 24 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The thought of foolishness is sin; the very inward thought or contrivance of evil, of which he spake , even before it break forth into action, it is a sin in God’ s sight, and it is hateful to God. Or foolishness is put for foolish or wicked men, by comparing this with the next clause where the scorner is opposed to it. So the sense is, All the thoughts of wicked men are only evil, and that continually, as is said of man in his corrupt estate, , and therefore abominable to God. The scorner; he who not only deviseth and practiseth wickedness, but obstinately persists in it, and rejects all admonitions against it. Is an abomination to men; is abominable not only to God, as all sinners are…

Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 24 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Proverbs 24:9 The thought of foolishness [is] sin: and the scorner [is] an abomination to men.Ver. 9. The thought of foolishness is sin.] The schools do well observe, that outward sins are maioris infamiae, of greater infamy; but inward heart sins are maioris reatus, of greater guilt, as we see in devils. And the scorner is an abomination to men.] Witness Julian, Lucian, Porphyry, Julius Scaliger, that proud hypercritic ( qui neminem prae se duxit hominem), Laurentius Valla, who jeered at other logicians, and extolled his own logic as the only best, calling it Logicam Laurentinam. “ Iupiter hunc coeli dignatus honore fuisset, Censorem linguae sed timet ipse suae. ” - Trithem. But what an…

Read John Trapp on Proverbs 24 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(9) The thought of foolishness is sin.—Rather, Sin is the contrivance (plotting) of self-will. Sin is the “transgression of the law” of God (1 John 3:4), when we desert the plain rule of duty, and plot how we can indulge our own self-will.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 24 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 9. The thought of foolishness is sin] זמת אולת חטאת zimmath ivveleth chattath. "The device of folly is transgression;" or, "an evil purpose is sinful;" or, perhaps more literally, "the device of the foolish is sin." It has been variously understood by the versions. "The cunning: of the fool is sin." - Targum. "The imprudent man (or fool, αφρων) shall die in sins." - Septuagint. So the Arabic. The thinkynge of the fool is synne. - Old MS. Bible. Fool is here taken for a wicked man, who is not only evil in his actions, but every thought of his heart is evil, and that continually. A simple thought about foolishness, or about sin itself, is not sinful; it is the purpose or device, the…

Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 24 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

9. foolishness] i.e. fools: abstract for concrete. and] “Or, but the scorner. Perhaps the meaning is that the very purpose of evil is sinful in the sight of God; but the bold and insolent transgressor is not only offensive to God but odious to men.” Rel. Tr. Soc. Commentary.

Read Cambridge on Proverbs 24 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

9. The thought (device or purpose) of foolishness is sin — A wicked device is sinful. A man is accountable for his thoughts, plans, purposes, as well as for his deeds.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 24 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

A foolish scheme is sin, and a mocker is detestable to men.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The schemes of folly are sin. The mocker is detested by men.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

A foolish scheme is sin, and a mocker is detestable to men.

NETBNew English Translation2006

A foolish scheme is sin, and the scorner is an abomination to people.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The thought of foolishness is sin: and the scorner is an abomination to men.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

The thought of foolishness is sin; And the scoffer is an abomination to men.

RVARevised Version, American1894

The thought of the foolish is sin: and the scorner is an abomination to men.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The thought of foolishness is sin: and the scorner is an abomination to men.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The wicked thought of a foole is sinne, and the scorner is an abomination vnto men.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

The purpose of folly is sin, and the scorner is an abomination to men.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

The thought of folly [is] sin, And an abomination to man [is] a scorner.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

The thought of folly [is] sin, || And a scorner [is] an abomination to man.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

The counsel of folly is sin; and an abomination to men is the scorner.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

A foolish plan is sin and men despise a mocker.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The thought of a fool is sin: and the detracter is the abomination of men.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Plans thought up by stupid people are sinful. Everyone hates those who are scornful of others.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The purpose of the foolish is sin: and the hater of authority is disgusting to others.

Word by word, the decisions they made

לֵֽץ׃Letz a mocker H3887 2 different renderings
a mockerBSB MSB ULB
scofferASV

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · subjectזִמַּ֣תa.planאִוֶּ֣לֶתof.foolishnesspredicateחַטָּ֑את[is].sinוְand.[is]clausepredicateתוֹעֲבַ֖תan.abominationprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְtoאָדָ֣םhumankindsubjectלֵֽץa.mocker

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text of Proverbs 24:9 reads, "זִמַּ֣ת אִוֶּ֣לֶת חַטָּ֑את וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת לְאָדָ֣ם לֵֽץ׃" which translates to "A foolish scheme is sin, and a mocker is detestable to men." The Septuagint closely matches this text, with five out of six words aligning, indicating a strong agreement in the overall meaning. However, the exact wording and structure may differ due to the nature of translation and the Greek language's syntax. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variations for this verse, confirming the consistency of the Masoretic Text with these ancient witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

זִמַּ֣ת אִוֶּ֣לֶת חַטָּ֑את וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת לְאָדָ֣ם לֵֽץ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
אִוֶּ֣לֶתἄφρωνחַטָּ֑אתἁμαρτίαιςוְתוֹעֲבַ֖תδὲלְאָדָ֣םἀνδρὶלֵֽץ׃λοιμῷ

5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Proverbs 24:9זִמָּהa plan ofa plan ofזִמָּהאִוֶּ֫לֶתfoolishnessfoolishnessאִוֶּ֫לֶתחַטָּאָה[is] sin[is] sinחַטָּאָהתּוֹעֵבַהand [is] anand [is] an aboתּוֹעֵבַהאָדָםto humankinto humankindאָדָםלִיץa mockera mockerלִיץזָמַםto planto planזָמַםחָטָאto sinto sinחָטָאאָדֹםto reddento reddenאָדֹםאֱוִילfool(ish)fool(ish)אֱוִילתַּעָבto abhorto abhorתַּעָבזְנוּתfornicatiofornicationזְנוּתעֶרְוָהnakednessnakednessעֶרְוָהכְּסִילfoolfoolכְּסִילמוּסָרdisciplinedisciplineמוּסָרשָׂעִרhairyhairyשָׂעִרעֵזgoatgoatעֵזשִׁקּוּץabominatioabominationשִׁקּוּץבּוֹשׁbe ashamedbe ashamedבּוֹשׁדְּמוּתlikenesslikenessדְּמוּתבְּהֵמָהanimalanimalבְּהֵמָהפֶּ֫תִיsimplesimpleפֶּ֫תִיזֵדarrogantarrogantזֵד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 24:9

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

a plan of foolishness [is] sin and [is] an abomination to humankind a mocker
זִמַּ֣תzi.Mat a plan of H2154 Noun common · feminine singular construct
29× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a wicked or evil plan, and can include things like adultery, incest, and idolatry. It is used to describe the bad intentions or schemes of people in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
plan, thought of foolishness
Tyndale gloss
wickedness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זִמָּה (zimmah) refers to a plan or device, particularly one that is wicked or malicious. It encompasses meanings related to evil intentions, such as lewdness and mischief. The term is derived from a root meaning to plot or devise, and it captures various forms of moral wrongdoing, including adultery and idolatry.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זִמָּה n.f. plan, device, wickedness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2154 זִמָּה plan, device, wickedness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2154 zimmah zim-maw'

or zammah {zam-maw'}; from 2161; a plan, especially a bad

one:--heinous crime, lewd(-ly, -ness), mischief, purpose,

thought, wicked (device, mind, -ness).

see HEBREW for 02161

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זִמָּה (zim.mah) — wickedness.

1) plan, device, wickedness, evil plan, mischievous purpose

1a) plan, purpose

1b) evil device, wickedness

1c) not chaste, incest, licentiousness, adultery, idolatry, harlotry

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

a plan of foolishness [is] sin and [is] an abomination to humankind a mocker
אִוֶּ֣לֶת'i.Ve.let foolishness H200 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
25× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means foolishness or silliness, describing someone's ridiculous behavior. It is used to convey a sense of absurdity or nonsense, as seen in the KJV translations of folly and foolishness.
Amplified meaning
wicked, sinful
Tyndale gloss
folly
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִוֶּ֫לֶת (ivveleth) refers to folly or foolishness. It is derived from a root meaning silliness, and is categorized as a feminine noun. The term appears in contexts discussing foolish behavior or actions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִוֶּ֫לֶת 25 n.f. folly

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H200 אִוֶּ֫לֶת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

200 'ivveleth iv-veh'-leth

from the same as 191; silliness:--folly, foolishly(-ness).

see HEBREW for 0191

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִוֶּ֫לֶת (iv.ve.let) — folly.

foolishness, folly

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
a plan of foolishness [is] sin and [is] an abomination to humankind a mocker
חַטָּ֑אתcha.Tat [is] sin H2403 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
295× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes sin, guilt, or punishment for sin, and also the sacrifice or purification made to atone for it. It is used in the Bible to describe the consequences and solutions for sin. The KJV translates it as 'punishment' or 'sin'.
Amplified meaning
guilt, punishment for sin
Tyndale gloss
sin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חַטָּאָה (chatta'ah) refers to sin and encompasses various aspects such as the condition of sin, guilt, punishment, and sin-offering. It can denote both the act of sinning and the consequences, including purification from ceremonial uncleanness. The term is built from the root word for offense and is used in contexts relating to sin and its expiation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַטָּאָה n.f. sinful thing, sin, Ex 34:7 (J E) Is 5:18.

done

חַטָּאת n.f. sin, sin-offering

sin

condition of sin, guilt of sin

punishment for sin

sin-offering

purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2403a חַטָּאָה sin, sin-offering(?) . sin

. sin-offering

H2403b חַטָּאת sin, sin-offering . sin

. condition of sin, guilt of sin

. punishment for sin

. sin-offering

. purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2403 chatta'ah khat-taw-aw'

or chattacth {khat-tawth'}; from 2398; an offence (sometimes

habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or

expiation; also (concretely) an offender:--punishment (of

sin), purifying(-fication for sin), sin(-ner, offering).

see HEBREW for 02398

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַטָּאָה (chat.ta.ah) — sin.

sin, sinful thing

חַטָּאת (chat.tat) — sin.

: sin

1) sin, sin offering

1a) sin

1b) condition of sin, guilt of sin

1c) punishment for sin

1d) sin-offering

1e) purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness

חַטָּאת (chat.tat) — sin: sin offering.

: sin_offering

1) sin, sin offering

1a) sin

1b) condition of sin, guilt of sin

1c) punishment for sin

1d) sin-offering

1e) purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness

חַטָּאת (chat.tat) — sin: punishment.

: punishment/purification

1) sin, sin offering

1a) sin

1b) condition of sin, guilt of sin

1c) punishment for sin

1d) sin-offering

1e) purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Sin

Is “any want of conformity unto or transgression of the law of God” (1 John 3:4; Rom. 4:15), in the inward state and habit of the soul, as well as in the outward conduct of the life, whether by omission or commission (Rom. 6:12-17; 7:5-24). It is “not a mere violation of the law of our constitution, nor of the system of things, but an offence against a personal lawgiver and moral governor who vindicates his law with penalties. The soul that sins is always conscious that his sin is (1) intrinsically vile and polluting, and (2) that it justly deserves punishment, and calls down the righteous wrath of God. Hence sin carries with it two inalienable characters, (1) ill-desert, guilt (reatus); and (2) pollution (macula).”, Hodge’s…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

a city of Egypt, mentioned only by Ezekiel. (Ezekiel 30:15,16) The name is Hebrew, or at least Semitic, perhaps signifying clay . It is identified in the Vulgate with Pelusium, "the clayey or muddy" town. Its antiquity may perhaps be inferred from the mention of "the wilderness of Sin" in the journeys of the Israelites. (Exodus 16:1; Numbers 33:11) Ezekiel speaks of Sin as "Sin the strongholds of Egypt." (Ezekiel 30:15) This place was held by Egypt from that time until the period of the Romans. Herodotus relates that Sennacherib advanced against Pelusium, and that near Pelusium Cambyses defeated Psammenitus. In like manner the decisive battle in which Ochus defeated the…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

1. Any thought, word, desire, action, or omission of action, contrary to the law of God, or defective when compared with it.

The origin of sin is a subject which baffles all investigation; and our inquiries are much better directed when we seek through Christ a release from its penalty and power, for ourselves and the world. Its entrance into the world, and infection of the whole human race, its nature, forms, and effects, and its fatal possession of every unregenerate soul, are fully described in the Bible, Ge 6:5 Ps 51:5 Mt 15:19 Ro 5:12 Jas 1:14,15.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

bush

a plan of foolishness [is] sin and [is] an abomination to humankind a mocker
וְתוֹעֲבַ֖תve.to.'a.Vat and [is] an abomination H8441 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct
117× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for abomination refers to something disgusting, like idolatry or unclean food, and is often used to describe wickedness in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
an abomination, disgusting
Tyndale gloss
abomination
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תּוֹעֵבַה (tow`ebah) means 'abomination' and refers to something morally disgusting. It can denote idolatry, unclean food, or ethical wickedness. The word is built from a feminine active participle of another root, and its usage encompasses both ritual and ethical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תּוֹעֵבַה 117 n.f. abomination

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8441 תּוֹעֵבַה abomination

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8441 tow`ebah to-ay-baw'

or tonebah {to-ay-baw'}; feminine active participle of 8581;

properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e. (as noun) an

abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol:--

abominable (custom, thing), abomination.

see HEBREW for 08581

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תּוֹעֵבַה (to.e.vah) — abomination.

1) a disgusting thing, abomination, abominable

1a) in ritual sense (of unclean food, idols, mixed marriages)

1b) in ethical sense (of wickedness etc)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct
HC/Ncfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-bom-i-na'-shun (piggul, to`ebhah, sheqets (shiqquts)): Three distinct Hebrew words are rendered in the English Bible by "abomination," or "abominable thing," referring (except in Ge 43:32; 46:34) to things or practices abhorrent to Yahweh, and opposed to the ritual or moral requirements of His religion. It would be well if these words could be distinguished in translation, as they denote different degrees of abhorrence or loathsomeness.

The word most used for this idea by the Hebrews and indicating the highest degree of abomination is to`ebhah, meaning primarily that which offends the religious sense of a people. When it is said, for example, "The Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians," this is the word used; the significance being that the Hebrews were repugnant to the…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Abomination

This word is used, (1.) To express the idea that the Egyptians considered themselves as defiled when they ate with strangers (Gen. 43:32). The Jews subsequently followed the same practice, holding it unlawful to eat or drink with foreigners (John 18:28; Acts 10:28; 11:3).

(2.) Every shepherd was “an abomination” unto the Egyptians (Gen. 46:34). This aversion to shepherds, such as the Hebrews, arose probably from the fact that Lower and Middle Egypt had formerly been held in oppressive subjection by a tribe of nomad shepherds (the Hyksos), who had only recently been expelled, and partly also perhaps from this other fact that the Egyptians detested the lawless…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A term applied in Scripture to objects of great detestation. Idols and their worship were so named, because they robbed God of his honor, while the rites themselves were impure and cruel, De 7:25,26 12:31. The term was used respecting the Hebrews in Egypt, Ge 43:32 Ex 8:26, either because they ate and sacrificed animals held sacred by the Egyptians, or because they did not observe those ceremonies in eating which made a part of the religion of Egypt; and in Ge 46:34, because they were "wandering shepherds," a race of whom had grievously oppressed Egypt.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Things that are, to God

Idolatry De 7:25; 27:15; 32:16

Unjust weights and measures De 25:13-16; Pr 11:1; 20:1,23

Uncleanness Le 18:22; 20:13; De 24:4

Incest Le 18:6-18

Lying with a woman in her menses Le 18:18,20

Adultery Le 18:20

Sodomy Le 18:22,23

Offering seed to Molech Le 18:21

a plan of foolishness [is] sin and [is] an abomination to humankind a mocker
לְאָדָ֣םle.'a.Dam to humankind H120 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
551× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Adam was the first human, created by God and mentioned in Genesis 2:19, who married Eve and had sons including Cain, Abel, and Seth.
Amplified meaning
humanity, people
Tyndale gloss
the man (Adam)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָדָם (adam) refers to 'man' or 'mankind,' encompassing both individual humans and the species as a whole. It is also the name of the first man in the Bible, Adam, who is mentioned in various verses, including Genesis 2:19. The term can denote a city in the Jordan valley as well. The entries indicate a range of meanings, but there is no significant disagreement among them.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָדָם 560 n.m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind

a man = human being

coll. man, mankind

n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art.)

n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built?)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H120 אָדָם man, mankind . a man = human being

. coll. man, mankind

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

120 'adam aw-dawm'

from 119; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the

species, mankind, etc.):--X another, + hypocrite, + common

sort, X low, man (mean, of low degree), person.

see HEBREW for 0119

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָדָם (a.dam) — man.

1) man, mankind

1a) man, human being

1b) man, mankind (much more frequently intended sense in OT)

1c) Adam, first man

1d) city in Jordan valley

אָדָם (a.dam) — the man (Adam).

The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19;

married to Eve (H2332);

father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33;

Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121)

man, human being

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
a plan of foolishness [is] sin and [is] an abomination to humankind a mocker
לֵֽץ׃Letz a mocker H3887 Adj
28× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to mock or scorn someone, often by making fun of them or talking down to them. It can also refer to interpreting languages or acting as an ambassador. In some cases, it describes a person who is arrogant or boastful.
Amplified meaning
scoffer, one who despises authority
Tyndale gloss
to mock
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לִיץ (luwts) means to scorn or mock, with various forms indicating actions like deriding or acting as a scorner. It can also refer to interpreting language or serving as an ambassador. The entries highlight its use in different contexts, including boasting and showing arrogance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[לִיץ] vb. scorn

Qal scorn

Hiph.

deride

Pt. interpreter

Po‛lel scorners

Hithp. act as a scorner, shew oneself a mocker

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3887 [לִיץ] scorn .scorn

. . deride

. Pt. interpreter

.scorners

. act as a scorner, shew oneself a mocker

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3887 luwts loots

a primitive root; properly, to make mouths at, i.e. to scoff;

hence (from the effort to pronounce a foreign language) to

interpret, or (generally) intercede:--ambassador, have in

derision, interpreter, make a mock, mocker, scorn(-er, -ful),

teacher.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לִיץ (luts) — to mock.

1) to scorn, make mouths at, talk arrogantly

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to boast

1a2) to scorn

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to mock, deride

1b2) to interpret (language)

1b2a) interpreter (participle)

1b2b) ambassador (fig.)

1c) (Hithpalpel) to be inflated, scoff, act as a scorner, show oneself a mocker

Also means: la.tsats (לָצַץ "to scorn" H3945)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAamsa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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