Menu

Leviticus 19:11 — Word Study

Depth

WLCלֹ֖א תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־ תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ וְלֹֽא־ תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃

BSAYou must notlôʼ [under any circumstances] stealgânab [take something secretly, deceive] You must notlôʼ [ever] liekâchash [deceive, cheat] or deceiveshâqar [be untrue in word or action] oneʼîysh anotherʻâmîyth [your neighbor, fellow man]

Word
Listen & take awayLeviticus 19
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ba.'a.mi.To) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Leviticus 19:11quick helps
In a sentenceGod commands His people not to steal, lie, or deceive each other.
Who is speakingGod, giving laws to the Israelites.
Where we areIn the context of moral and ethical guidelines for community living.
The hard wordתִּגְנֹ֑בוּ
Take awayThese commands emphasize the importance of honesty and integrity in relationships.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbגָּנַב The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Leviticus 19:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Ethical Commands in Leviticusgenerated

10You must not strip your vineyard bare or gather its fallen grapes. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the LORD your God.
11You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.
12You must not swear falsely by My name and so profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.
13You must not defraud your neighbor or rob him. You must not withhold until morning the wages due a hired hand.

Leviticus 19:11 is part of a series of laws given by God to the Israelites, focusing on how they should treat one another. These commands are meant to guide the community in living righteously and maintaining justice, as seen in the surrounding verses that address various aspects of social conduct, including caring for the poor and honoring commitments.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Leviticus 6:2“If someone sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD by deceiving his neighbor in regard to a deposit or security entrusted to him or stolen, or if he extorts his neighbor
2Exodus 20:15–17You shall not steal.
3Exodus 22:1–7“If a man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters or sells it, he must repay five oxen for an ox and four sheep for a sheep.
4Deuteronomy 5:19You shall not steal.
5Jeremiah 6:13“For from the least of them to the greatest, all are greedy for gain; from prophet to priest, all practice deceit.

The Key Word תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ, tig.Nougenerated

The verb גָּנַב (ganab) means 'to steal' and indicates the act of taking something that belongs to another person without permission. It is a Qal imperfect form, which suggests an ongoing or repeated action, emphasizing that stealing is not just a one-time act but a behavior that is prohibited.

This command against stealing is part of a broader ethical framework that calls for respect and integrity among individuals. The emphasis on stealing highlights the importance of property rights and trust in community relationships.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of three main clauses, each beginning with a negation: לֹא (lo'), indicating prohibition. The finite verbs are תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ (you will steal), תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ (you will deceive), and תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ (you will deal falsely). This structure emphasizes the seriousness of these commands.

The repeated use of the conjunction וְלֹא־ (ve.lo'-) connects the prohibitions, creating a rhythm that reinforces the comprehensive nature of God's command against dishonest behavior.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ as κλέψετε, which also means 'to steal.' This choice maintains the original intent of the Hebrew while presenting it in a Greek linguistic context.

The LXX's use of ψεύσεσθε for תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ suggests a focus on falsehood and deception, aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning of dishonesty.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Leviticus 19:11 gives clear commands from God: do not steal, lie, or deceive each other. These rules are meant to guide the Israelites in how to live together honestly and fairly.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to steal according to this verse?

To steal means to take something secretly that belongs to someone else, which is a violation of trust and property rights.

Why does God emphasize not lying or deceiving?

God emphasizes honesty to maintain trust and integrity within the community, ensuring that relationships are built on truth.

How do these commands apply today?

These commands remind us of the importance of honesty and respect in our interactions with others, guiding ethical behavior in all relationships.

What is the significance of referring to 'anyone' in this command?

Referring to 'anyone' emphasizes that these commands apply universally to all individuals within the community, reinforcing that everyone is accountable to these moral standards.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I ensure that I am being honest in my interactions with others?
  2. How can I encourage those around me to uphold integrity in their actions?
  3. What are some situations where I might be tempted to deceive, and how can I resist that temptation?
  4. Why is it important to have clear guidelines about honesty and integrity in a community?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Leviticus 19:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Ye shall not steal,.... Which is the eighth command; [See comments on Exodus 20:15]; though Jarchi thinks something different from that law is here intended; that this is a caution against stealing

Read John Gill on Leviticus 19 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie one to another. Ye shall not steal ... neither lie one to another , [ 'iysh (H376) ba`ªmiytow (H5997)] - a man by his neighbour.

Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 19 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Or, one against another, to the defrauding of him of any of his goods, to which kind of lying the words foregoing and following seem here to restrain it, though it be true that all sorts of lying are unlawful.

Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 19 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Leviticus 19:11 Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie one to another.Ver. 11. Ye shall not steal]

Read John Trapp on Leviticus 19 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) Ye shall not steal.—This injunction, which forms the eighth commandment of the Decalogue (Exodus 20:15), most probably has here a primary reference to the conduct of the owners of fields and vineyards. They are cautioned that by depriving the poor of his prescribed right to the corner of the fields, and to the gleanings of the harvest and vintage, they commit theft. Hence the Jewish canonists laid it down that he who puts a basket under a vine at the time of gathering grapes robs the poor.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 19 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 11. Ye shall not steal, &c.] See Clarke on Exodus 20:15.

Read AdamClarke on Leviticus 19 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

9–11. Cp. Leviticus 23:22. The law of gleaning: a portion of the produce of the soil is to be left for the poor. A similar law is found in Deuteronomy 24:19-21. The word translated ‘the fallen fruit’ (‘every grape,’ A.V.) occurs only here in O.T., but is of common occurrence in Mishnaic Heb. to denote a particular object as distinguished from the general name of the class to which it belongs. The traditional interpretation is that the grapes were to be gathered in bunches, but a single grape was to be left, as well as those that fell to the ground during the gathering. The law is expressed in 2nd pers. sing. and in Leviticus 23:22.

Read Cambridge on Leviticus 19 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Leviticus 19:11 forbids injuries perpetrated by craft; Leviticus 19:13, those perpetrated by violence or power, the conversion of might into right. In Leviticus 19:13 “defraud” should rather be, oppress.

Read Albert Barnes on Leviticus 19 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“‘You shall not steal. “‘You shall not lie. “‘You shall not deceive one another.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.

NETBNew English Translation2006

“‘You must not steal, you must not tell lies, and you must not deal falsely with your fellow citizen.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie one to another.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Ye shall not steal; neither shall ye deal falsely, nor lie one to another.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Ye shall not steal; neither shall ye deal falsely, nor lie one to another.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie one to another.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Ye shall not steale, neither deale falsely, neither lie one to another.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Ye shall not steal, and ye shall not deal falsely, and ye shall not lie one to another.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

'Ye do not steal, nor feign, nor lie one against his fellow.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

You do not steal, nor feign, nor lie—each against his fellow.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Ye shall not steal; neither shall ye deny [another's property in your hands], nor lie one to another.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Do not steal. Do not lie. Do not deceive each other.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

You shall not steal. You shall not lie, neither shall any man deceive his neighbour.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Don't steal. Don't lie. Don't deceive each other.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Do not take anyone's property or be false in act or word to another.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseadverbialלֹ֖אnotverbתִּגְנֹ֑בוּyou.will.stealוְandclauseadverbialלֹאnotverbתְכַחֲשׁ֥וּyou.will.deceiveוְandclauseadverbialלֹֽאnotverbתְשַׁקְּר֖וּyou.will.deal.falselynoun phrase · adverbialאִ֥ישׁanyoneprepositional phraseבַּwithnoun phraseעֲמִיתֽhis.fellowוֹcitizen

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text is matched by the Samaritan Pentateuch, which agrees word for word with the command against stealing, lying, and deceiving. The Septuagint also aligns closely with the Hebrew text, preserving the core prohibitions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

לֹ֖א תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־ תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ וְלֹֽא־ תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
לֹ֖אοὐתִּגְנֹ֑בוּκλέψετεוְלֹא־οὐתְכַחֲשׁ֥וּψεύσεσθεוְלֹֽא־οὐתְשַׁקְּר֖וּσυκοφαντήσειאִ֥ישׁἕκαστοςבַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃πλησίον

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

לא תגנבו ולא תכחשׁו ולא תשׁקרו אישׁ בעמיתו

Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Leviticus 19:11לֹאnotnotלֹאגָּנַבyou will styou will stealגָּנַבלֹאand notand notלֹאכָּחַשׁyou will deyou will deceivכָּחַשׁלֹאand notand notלֹאשָׁקַרyou will deyou will deal fשָׁקַראִישׁanyoneanyoneאִישׁעָמִיתwith fellowwith fellow citעָמִיתאֱנוֹשׁhumanhumanאֱנוֹשׁאִשָּׁהwomanwomanאִשָּׁהיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדכָּחַשׁto deceiveto deceiveכָּחַשׁגָּנַבto stealto stealגָּנַבנֵכָרforeignforeignנֵכָרלֹאnotnotלֹארֵעַneighborneighborרֵעַיָנָהto oppressto oppressיָנָהקָנָהto buyto buyקָנָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 19:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

not you will steal and not you will deceive and not you will deal falsely anyone with fellow citizen his
לֹ֖אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
under any circumstances
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
not you will steal and not you will deceive and not you will deal falsely anyone with fellow citizen his
תִּגְנֹ֑בוּtig.Nou you will steal H1589 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
40× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To steal means to take something secretly, whether physically or by deceiving someone. This can happen in various ways, as described in different Bible stories.
Amplified meaning
take something secretly, deceive
Tyndale gloss
to steal
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּנַב (ganab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to steal. It encompasses various forms, including stealing, being stolen, and going by stealth. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical aspects, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, and Hithpael, which cover both the act of stealing and the state of being stolen.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[גָּנַב] vb. steal

Qal steal

Niph. be stolen

Pi. steal away (trans.)

Pu. be stolen away

Hithp. go by stealth, syeal away

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1589 גָּנַב steal

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1589 ganab gaw-nab'

a primitive root; to thieve (literally or figuratively); by

implication, to deceive:--carry away, X indeed, secretly

bring, steal (away), get by stealth.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּנַב (ga.nav) — to steal.

1) to steal, steal away, carry away

1a) (Qal) to steal

1b) (Niphal) to be stolen

1c) (Piel) to steal away

1d)(Pual) to be stolen away, be brought by stealth

1e) (Hithpael) to go by stealth, steal away

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVqi2mp
not you will steal and not you will deceive and not you will deal falsely anyone with fellow citizen his
וְלֹא־ve.lo'- and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
ever
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
not you will steal and not you will deceive and not you will deal falsely anyone with fellow citizen his
תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּte.kha.cha.Shu you will deceive H3584 Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine plural
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To deceive or lie, as seen in Psalm 116:11 where the psalmist says all people are liars. It means to be untrue in word or deed, disappointing or failing others. This concept is also found in Proverbs 10:18.
Amplified meaning
deceive, cheat
Tyndale gloss
to deceive
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּחַשׁ (kachash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to deceive or disappoint. It encompasses a range of actions including lying, failing, and growing lean, with various forms indicating different nuances such as cringing or feigning obedience. The entries highlight its use in contexts of untruthfulness and insufficiency, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּחַשׁ vb. be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean

Qal my flesh hath grown lean (away) fr. fatness

Niph. thine enemies shall cringe

Pi.

deceive

act deceptively against

cringe = come cringing

disappoint, fail

Hithp. shall come cringing to me

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3584 כָּחַשׁ be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3584 kachash kaw-khash'

a primitive root; to be untrue, in word (to lie, feign,

disown) or deed (to disappoint, fail, cringe):--deceive, deny,

dissemble, fail, deal falsely, be found liars, (be-)lie,

lying, submit selves.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּחַשׁ (ka.chash) — to deceive.

1) to deceive, lie, fail, grow lean, be disappointing, be untrue, be insufficient, be found liars, belie, deny, dissemble, deal falsely

1a) (Qal) to become lean

1b) (Niphal) to cringe, feign obedience

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to deceive, deny falsely

1c2) to act deceptively

1c3) to cringe

1c4) to disappoint, fail

1d) (Hithpael) to cringe, feign obedience

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVpi2mp
not you will steal and not you will deceive and not you will deal falsely anyone with fellow citizen his
וְלֹֽא־ve.lo'- and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Tn — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
not you will steal and not you will deceive and not you will deal falsely anyone with fellow citizen his
תְשַׁקְּר֖וּte.sha.ke.Ru you will deal falsely H8266 Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine plural
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to cheat or deceive, often through lying or false words. It's used in the Bible to describe dishonest behavior, like in Leviticus 19:11, where God commands against dealing falsely with others.
Amplified meaning
be untrue in word or action
Tyndale gloss
to deal
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁקַר (shaqar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to deal falsely or to cheat. It is primarily used to describe actions of dishonesty, particularly in speech. The entries indicate that it can appear in different forms, such as the Qal and Piel stems, both emphasizing the act of falsehood. A notable verse referencing this word is one that states, 'thou wilt not do falsely to me'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁקַר] vb. denom. do or deal falsely;—

Qal thou wilt not do falsely to me

Pi. deal falsely

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8266 שָׁקַר vb. denom. do or deal falsely

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8266 shaqar shaw-kar'

a primitive root; to cheat, i.e. be untrue (usually in

words):--fail, deal falsely, lie.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁקַר (sha.qar) — to deal.

1) to do or deal falsely, be false, trick, cheat

1a) (Piel) to deal falsely

1b) (Qal) to deal falsely

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVpi2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
not you will steal and not you will deceive and not you will deal falsely anyone with fellow citizen his
אִ֥ישׁ'ish anyone H376 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1,664× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for man, referring to a male person or individual, is used in the Bible to describe humans in contrast to God or animals, as seen in Genesis and Psalms. It can also mean husband or servant. In the KJV, it is translated as man or male.
Tyndale gloss
man
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אִישׁ (iysh) means 'man' and can refer to an individual male, a husband, or a human being in general. It encompasses various meanings, including champion and great man, and can also imply 'whosoever' or 'each.' The word is built from a root suggesting existence and is used throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִישׁ 2166 n.m. man (= vir)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H376 אִישׁ man (= vir)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

376 'iysh eesh

contracted for 582 (or perhaps rather from an unused root

meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male

person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and

in such cases frequently not expressed in

translation):--also, another, any (man), a certain, +

champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-,

husband-)man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree),

him (that is), husband, man(-kind), + none, one, people,

person, + steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy.

Compare 802.

see HEBREW for 0582

see HEBREW for 0802

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִישׁ (ish) — man.

: man

1) man

1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)

1b) husband

1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)

1d) servant

1e) mankind

1f) champion

1g) great man

2) whosoever

3) each (adjective)

אִישׁ (ish) — man: husband.

: husband

1) man

1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)

1b) husband

1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)

1d) servant

1e) mankind

1f) champion

1g) great man

2) whosoever

3) each (adjective)

אִישׁ (ish) — man: anyone.

: anyone/someone

1) man

1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)

1b) husband

1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)

1d) servant

1e) mankind

1f) champion

1g) great man

2) whosoever

3) each (adjective)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
not you will steal and not you will deceive and not you will deal falsely anyone with fellow citizen his
בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ba.'a.mi.To with fellow citizen his H5997 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a neighbor or companion, referring to someone you have a close relationship with, like a fellow worker or friend, as seen in the KJV translation of the Bible.
Amplified meaning
your neighbor, fellow man
Tyndale gloss
neighbor
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָמִית (`amiyth) refers to an associate or fellow, emphasizing companionship and kinship. It is derived from a root meaning to associate, and is used to denote a neighbor or kindred person. The entries consistently highlight its relational aspect, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עָמִית] n.m. associate, fellow, relation (perh. orig. f. abstr. association)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5997 עָמִית

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5997 `amiyth aw-meeth'

from a primitive root meaning to associate; companionship;

hence (concretely) a comrade or kindred man:--another,

fellow, neighbour.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָמִית (a.mit) — neighbor.

relation, neighbour, associate, fellow

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate