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Jeremiah 13:26 — Word Study

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WLCוְגַם־ אֲנִ֛י חָשַׂ֥פְתִּי שׁוּלַ֖יִךְ עַל־ פָּנָ֑יִךְ וְנִרְאָ֖ה קְלוֹנֵֽךְ׃

BSASogam Iʼănîy [the Lord] will pull your skirtsshûwl [hem, the bottom edge of a robe] upchâsaph overʻal your facepânîym [presence, being in front of someone] that your shameqâlôwn [dishonor, feelings of guilt] may be seenrâʼâh [appear, become visible, to be exposed]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 13
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 26 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ke.lo.Nekh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 13:26quick helps
In a sentenceGod declares He will expose the shame of His people.
Who is speakingThe Lord, addressing Israel.
Where we areIn a warning about the consequences of unfaithfulness.
The hard wordחָשַׂף
Take awayShame will be made visible.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbחָשַׂף The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 13:26

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Consequences of Unfaithfulnessgenerated

24“I will scatter you like chaff driven by the desert wind.
25This is your lot, the portion I have measured to you,” declares the LORD, “because you have forgotten Me and trusted in falsehood.
26So I will pull your skirts up over your face, that your shame may be seen.
27Your adulteries and lustful neighings, your shameless prostitution on the hills and in the fields— I have seen your detestable acts. Woe to you, O Jerusalem! How long will you remain unclean?”

Jeremiah 13:26 reveals God's intent to expose the shame of His people due to their unfaithfulness and reliance on falsehood. This verse is part of a larger discourse where God warns Israel about the consequences of their actions, emphasizing the seriousness of their spiritual state. The surrounding verses illustrate the depth of their betrayal and the resulting judgment they face.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Jeremiah 13:22And if you ask yourself, “Why has this happened to me?” It is because of the magnitude of your iniquity that your skirts have been stripped off and your body has been exposed.
2Lamentations 1:8Jerusalem has sinned greatly; therefore she has become an object of scorn. All who honored her now despise her, for they have seen her nakedness; she herself groans and turns away.
3Ezekiel 16:37therefore I will surely gather all the lovers with whom you found pleasure, all those you loved and all those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around and expose you before them, and they will see you completely naked.
4Ezekiel 23:29They will treat you with hatred, take all for which you have worked, and leave you naked and bare, so that the shame of your prostitution will be exposed. Your indecency and promiscuity
5Hosea 2:10And then I will expose her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and no one will deliver her out of My hands.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Therefore will I discover thy skirts upon thy face, that thy shame may appear.Jeremiah 13:22 Lamentations 1:8 Ezekiel 16:37 Ezekiel 23:29 Hosea 2:10

The Key Word חָשַׂף, cha.Saf.tigenerated

The verb חָשַׂף (cha.Saf) means 'to strip off' or 'to uncover.' It indicates an action of making something bare or exposed, often in a context of revealing shame or wrongdoing.

In this verse, it signifies God's intention to expose the dishonor of His people, making their shame visible as a consequence of their actions. The use of this verb underscores the severity of their unfaithfulness and the resulting judgment.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses pull for חָשַׂף, aligning with the KJV and ASV that also convey a similar meaning.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb חָשַׂף, I will strip off, governs the main clause, with a prepositional phrase and a second clause describing the outcome of that action.

The structure highlights the direct action of God followed by the consequence of that action, emphasizing the relationship between the two.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates חָשַׂף as ἀποκαλύψω (apokalupsō), meaning 'to uncover.' This choice indicates a direct interpretation of the Hebrew intent to reveal or expose.

This translation aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the focus on the act of uncovering shame.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 13:26 shows God declaring that He will expose the shame of His people. This verse is part of a warning about the consequences of their unfaithfulness, emphasizing the seriousness of their actions and the judgment they face.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for God to uncover shame?

It means that God will make visible the dishonor and wrongdoings of His people, exposing their unfaithfulness.

Why is this verse significant?

It highlights the consequences of turning away from God and trusting in falsehood, serving as a warning to remain faithful.

How does this relate to the surrounding verses?

The surrounding verses provide context for God's warning, illustrating the depth of Israel's betrayal and the seriousness of their situation.

What can we learn from this verse?

We can learn about the importance of faithfulness to God and the consequences of unfaithfulness, as well as the seriousness of our actions.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see the consequences of unfaithfulness in my life?
  2. How can I ensure that I remain faithful to God in my actions and beliefs?
  3. What steps can I take to avoid the pitfalls of falsehood and dishonor?
  4. How does understanding God's judgment help me in my relationship with Him?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early interpretations of this verse highlight the seriousness of unfaithfulness and the consequences of turning away from God, as seen in the writings of Jerome and Theodoret.

JeromeLETTER 22.6 c. 347–420
But if even real virgins, when they have other failings, are not saved by their physical virginity, what shall become of those who have prostituted the members of Christ and have changed the temple of the Holy Spirit into a brothel?…
Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 13 →
JeromeVerse 26 c. 347–420
Because you have forgotten me, and have trusted (or hoped) in lies: therefore I will also uncover your thighs, and your shame will be revealed, your adulteries and your whinings,
Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 13 →
Theodoret of CyrusON Jeremiah 3:13.27 c. 393–460
“After committing many transgressions,” he says, “you were not prepared to have recourse to repentance. I shall no longer demonstrate longsuffering.
Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 13 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 13:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Therefore will I discover thy skirts upon thy face,.... Turn them up, or throw them over the head or face; that is, expose to public shame and disgrace; which was done when their city and temple were

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 13 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Therefore will I discover thy skirts upon thy face, that thy shame may appear.

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 13 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Therefore I will expose thee to all manner of shame and contempt, without any regard to thy honour. Those that honour God, God will honour, but those that despise and dishonour him shall not be able to maintain their own honour.

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 13 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 13:26 Therefore will I discover thy skirts upon thy face, that thy shame may appear.Ver. 26. Therefore I will discover thy skirts.] Since thou hast discovered and prostituted thyseff to other lovers, I will shame thee before all men.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 13 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(26) Therefore will I discover . . .—The threat is substantially the same as that in Jeremiah 13:22. The form is verbally identical with that of Nah 3:5.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 13 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 26. Therefore will I discover thy skirts upon thy face] It was the custom to punish lewd women by stripping them naked, and exposing them to public view; or by throwing their clothes over their heads, as here intimated. Was this the way to correct the evil?

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 13 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

20–27. Lament for the calamities brought about by Jerusalem’s sin See, O Jerusalem, the northern foe descends on thee. What has become of thy goodly nation? How wilt thou endure those who were erst thy friends, now become thy rulers? What shall be thy pangs? And dost thou ask, Wherefore? It is the penalty of thy sin. Evil, through inveterate custom, has become as immutable a thing with thee as is the Ethiopian’s skin or the leopard’s spotted hide. Scattered like the chaff that is whirled along by the desert wind, thou shalt have this for thy lot because of thy faithlessness. Shame and disgrace are the results of the lewd practices which thou hast openly carried on. Canst thou ever become…

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 13 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Therefore will I - literally, “And I also;” I also must have my turn, I too must retaliate. Compare Nahum 3:5.

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 13 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

So I will pull your skirts up over your face, that your shame may be seen.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Therefore I will also uncover your skirts on your face, and your shame will appear.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

So I will pull your skirts up over your face, that your shame may be seen.

NETBNew English Translation2006

So I will pull your skirt up over your face and expose you to shame like a disgraced adulteress!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Therefore will I discover thy skirts upon thy face, that thy shame may appear.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Therefore will I also uncover thy skirts upon thy face, and thy shame shall appear.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Therefore will I also discover thy skirts upon thy face, and thy shame shall appear.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Therefore will I uncover thy skirts upon thy face, that thy shame may appear.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Therefore I haue also discouered thy skirts vpon thy face, that thy shame may appeare.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Therefore will I also turn thy skirts over thy face, and thy shame shall be seen.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

I also have made bare thy skirts before thy face, And thy shame hath been seen.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

I have also made your skirts bare before your face, || And your shame has been seen.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Therefore do I also strip up thy skirts over thy face, that thy shame may be seen.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

So also I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Wherefore I have also bared my thighs against thy face, and thy shame hath appeared.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I will pull your skirts up over your face, so you will be seen naked and ashamed.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

So I will have your skirts uncovered before your face, in order that your shame may be seen.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausenoun phrase · subjectגַםalsoאֲנִ֛יIverbחָשַׂ֥פְתִּיI.will.strip.offnoun phrase · objectשׁוּלַ֖יִof.your.robeךְthe.skirtsprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַלovernoun phraseפָּנָ֑יִfaceךְyourוְandclauseverbנִרְאָ֖הit.will.be.visiblenoun phrase · subjectקְלוֹנֵֽshameךְyour

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the majority of the wording in this verse, with 7 of the 8 words matched. The Septuagint's rendering reflects a similar intent, though its word order differs.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְגַם־ אֲנִ֛י חָשַׂ֥פְתִּי שׁוּלַ֖יִךְ עַל־ פָּנָ֑יִךְ וְנִרְאָ֖ה קְלוֹנֵֽךְ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְגַם־κἀγὼחָשַׂ֥פְתִּיἀποκαλύψωשׁוּלַ֖יִךְσουעַל־ἐπὶפָּנָ֑יִךְσουוְנִרְאָ֖הὀφθήσεταιקְלוֹנֵֽךְ׃σου

7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 13:26גַּםand alsoand alsoגַּםאֲנִיIIאֲנִיחָשַׂףI will striI will strip ofחָשַׂףשׁוּלskirts yourskirts yourשׁוּלעַלononעַלפָּנֶהface yourface yourפָּנֶהרָאָהand it willand it will be רָאָהקָלוֹןshame yourshame yourקָלוֹןאָֽנֹכִ֫יIIאָֽנֹכִ֫יפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהקָלָהto dishonoto dishonorקָלָהעַלheightheightעַלתְּמוֹלyesterdayyesterdayתְּמוֹלשִׁלְשֹׁםthree daysthree days agoשִׁלְשֹׁםנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםיָדַעto knowto knowיָדַעקְצָפָהsplintersplinterקְצָפָהרִמּוֹןpomegranatpomegranateרִמּוֹןמְעִילroberobeמְעִילכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאסָתַרto hideto hideסָתַרנוּסto fleeto fleeנוּסעֳנִיafflictionafflictionעֳנִינָבַטto lookto lookנָבַטחֶרְפָּהreproachreproachחֶרְפָּה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 13:26

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and also I I will strip off skirts your on face your and it will be visible shame your
וְגַם־ve.gam- and also H1571 Conjunction · adverb
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Also means 'even' or 'too', used for emphasis or to connect ideas, like 'both...and' or 'neither...nor'. It can introduce a climax or show contrast.
Tyndale gloss
also
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גַּם (gam) is an adverb meaning 'also' or 'moreover,' indicating addition or emphasis. It can express various nuances, such as 'even,' 'indeed,' or 'but.' The term is often used in a correlational manner, as in 'both...and.' It appears in contexts that require clarification or reinforcement of a statement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גַּם 768 adv. denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1571 גַּם denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1571 gam gam

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea,

though; often repeated as correl. both...and:--again, alike,

also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and , but, either...or,

even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover,

nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גַּם (gam) — also.

1) also, even, indeed, moreover, yea

1a) also, moreover (giving emphasis)

1b) neither, neither...nor (with negative)

1c) even (for stress)

1d) indeed, yea (introducing climax)

1e) also (of correspondence or retribution)

1f) but, yet, though (adversative)

1g) even, yea, yea though (with 'when' in hypothetical case)

2) (TWOT) again, alike

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | DirObjM — Conjunction · adverb
HC/D
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol'-so: In the Greek kai, when it is equivalent to "also" or "even," is always placed before the word or phrase which it is intended to emphasize (e.g. Ac 12:3; 1 Joh 4:21). Mt 6:14 should therefore read, "Your heavenly Father will forgive you also"; Lu 6:13, "Whom also he named apostles"; Heb 8:6, "The mediator of a better covenant also"; and 1Th 4:14, `If we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also (we believe that) those who are fallen asleep in Jesus, God will bring with Him.'

and also I I will strip off skirts your on face your and it will be visible shame your
אֲנִ֛י'a.Ni I H589 Pronoun
874× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a simple way of saying 'I' or 'me', often used for emphasis. It is used by people like David in the Psalms to express their thoughts and feelings. The word is a basic part of the Hebrew language.
Amplified meaning
the Lord
Tyndale gloss
I
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֲנִי, transliterated as aniy, is a first-person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me.' It is often used for emphasis and can also imply possession, as in 'mine' or 'myself.' The word is derived from a form that indicates self-reference, and it appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲנִי, אָ֑נִי pron. 1s. comm. I

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H589 אֲנִי, אָ֑נִי I

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

589 'aniy an-ee'

contracted from 595; I:--I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, X

which, X who.

see HEBREW for 0595

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲנִי (a.ni) — I.

I (first pers. sing. -usually used for emphasis)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp1bs
and also I I will strip off skirts your on face your and it will be visible shame your
חָשַׂ֥פְתִּיcha.Saf.ti I will strip off H2834 Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To strip means to make something or someone bare, like when God uncovered the sins of Israel in Hosea 7:1.
Tyndale gloss
to strip
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָשַׂף (chasaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strip off or make bare. It encompasses actions like uncovering, drawing out, or draining a liquid. The entries suggest its use in contexts of exposure or removal, but do not specify particular verses from the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָשַׂף vb. strip off, strip, make bare

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2834 חָשַׂף strip off, strip, make bare

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2834 chasaph khaw-saf'

a primitive root; to strip off, i.e. generally to make naked

(for exertion or in disgrace), to drain away or bail up (a

liquid):--make bare, clean, discover, draw out, take, uncover.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָשַׂף (cha.saph) — to strip.

1) to strip, strip off, lay bare, make bare, draw out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to strip off

1a2) to strip, lay bare

1a3) to draw (water), skim, take from the surface

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
HVqp1cs
and also I I will strip off skirts your on face your and it will be visible shame your
שׁוּלַ֖יִךְshu.La.yikh skirts your H7757 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The hem or skirt refers to the bottom edge of a robe, like the high priest's robe. It can also symbolize something being defiled or disgraced, like a city being shamed.
Amplified meaning
hem, the bottom edge of a robe
Tyndale gloss
hem
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שׁוּל (shuwl) refers to a skirt or hem, particularly of a robe. It can denote the bottom edge of a garment and is associated with the high priest's robe and figurative uses, such as God's train or concepts of ignominy. The word is built from an unused root meaning to hang down.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שׁוּל] n.m. skirt, of robe

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7757 [שׁוּל] skirt, of robe

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7757 shuwl shool

from an unused root meaning to hang down; a skirt; by

implication, a bottom edge:--hem, skirt, train.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוּל (shul) — hem.

1) skirt (of robe)

1a) of high priest's robe

1b) of God's train, city as woman, ignominy, defilement (fig)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp2fs
and also I I will strip off skirts your on face your and it will be visible shame your
עַל־'al- on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

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Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and also I I will strip off skirts your on face your and it will be visible shame your
פָּנָ֑יִךְpa.Na.yikh face your H6440 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
2,127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Amplified meaning
presence, being in front of someone
Tyndale gloss
face
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces

face, faces

presence, person

technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

face of seraphim

face of animals

face (= surface) of ground

as adv.loc. before

for other phrases

with prepositions

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces

. . presence, person

. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

. face of seraphim

. face of animals

. face (= surface) of ground

. as adv. loc. before

. for other phrases

. with prepositions

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6440 paniym paw-neem'

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh

{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);

used in a great variety of applications (literally and

figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a

preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),

against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),

+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,

face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er

time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +

honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +

meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,

open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,

presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right

forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,

X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)

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Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.

: before/to/front

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.

: face

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp2fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and also I I will strip off skirts your on face your and it will be visible shame your
וְנִרְאָ֖הve.nir.'Ah and it will be visible H7200 Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
1,300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Amplified meaning
appear, become visible, to be exposed
Tyndale gloss
Provider
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָאָה 1315 vb. see

Qal 1141

see, subj.

see, c. acc. rei

see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design

see, so as to learn to know

abs. see, have (power of) vision

see = perceive

look at, see, by direct volition

of mental observation

c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

see, c. acc. rei

Niph.

appear

be seen

be visible

Pu. appar. his bones are not detected

Hithp. recipr. look at each other

Hiph.

cause one to see something, shew

cause to experience something

cause to look intently at, to behold

Hoph.

be caused to see, be shewn

be exhibited to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.

. see, c. acc. rei

. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design

. see, so as to learn to know

. abs. see, have (power of) vision

. see = perceive

. look at, see, by direct volition

. of mental observation

. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

. see, c. acc. rei

. . appear

. be seen

. be visible

. appar. his bones are not detected

. recipr. look at each other

. . . cause one to see something, shew

. cause to experience something

. cause to look intently at, to behold

. . be caused to see, be shewn

. be exhibited to

H7200b רְאוּת look

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7200 ra'ah raw-aw'

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in

numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,

intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,

behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have

experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look

(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,

upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,

regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one

another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X

surely, X think, view, visions.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.

: see/show

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out

1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish

1a6) to look at, gaze at

1a7) to provide, choose

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to appear, present oneself

1b2) to be seen

1b3) to be visible

1c) (Pual) to be seen

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to see, show

1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be caused to see, be shown

1e2) to be exhibited to

1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.

: examine/consider

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Niphal-3ms — Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/VNq3ms
and also I I will strip off skirts your on face your and it will be visible shame your
קְלוֹנֵֽךְ׃ke.lo.Nekh shame your H7036 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
17× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to feelings of shame or dishonor, like when someone does something wrong. It is used in Proverbs to describe the shame of foolish behavior. The Bible teaches that God can restore honor to those who repent.
Amplified meaning
dishonor, feelings of guilt
Tyndale gloss
dishonor
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָלוֹן (qalown) refers to concepts of dishonor and shame, encompassing personal disgrace and national ignominy. It is derived from the root meaning associated with disgrace. The entries consistently highlight its negative connotations related to reputation and honor.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָלוֹן n.m. ignominy, dishonour

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7036 קָלוֹן ignominy, dishonour

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7036 qalown kaw-lone'

from 7034; disgrace; (by implication) the pudenda:--

confusion, dishonour, ignominy, reproach, shame.

see HEBREW for 07034

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָלוֹן (qa.lon) — dishonor.

1) shame, disgrace, dishonour, ignominy

1a) ignominy (of nation)

1b) dishonour, disgrace (personal)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2fs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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