Ezekiel 42:6 — Word Study
WLCכִּ֤י מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶן֙ עַמּוּדִ֔ים כְּעַמּוּדֵ֖י הַחֲצֵר֑וֹת עַל־ כֵּ֣ן נֶאֱצַ֗ל מֵהַתַּחְתּוֹנ֛וֹת וּמֵהַתִּֽיכֹנ֖וֹת מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃
BSAForkîy [because of this reason] theyhênnâh were arranged in three storiesshâlash [in threefold layers, tripled] and unlikeʻammûwd the courtschâtsêr [outer squares, village areas] noʼayin pillarsʻammûwd [columns, supports] Soʻal [the upper chambers] were set back furtherʼâtsal■ [highest rooms, topmost floors, reserved, kept back] than the lowertachtôwn [nethermost, bottom] and middle floorstîykôwn [central, midst, levels, stories]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כִּ֤י | for | Particle |
| מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת֙ | [were] divided into three parts | Verb, Pual, participle (passive) feminine plural |
| הֵ֔נָּה | they | Pronoun |
| וְאֵ֤ין | and not | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| לָהֶן֙ | [belonged] to them | Preposition, suffix |
| עַמּוּדִ֔ים | columns | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| כְּעַמּוּדֵ֖י | like [the] columns of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| הַחֲצֵר֑וֹת | the courtyards | Particle, noun common both plural absolute |
| עַל־ | there- | Preposition |
| כֵּ֣ן | -fore | Adverb |
| נֶאֱצַ֗ל | it was shortened | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| מֵהַתַּחְתּוֹנ֛וֹת | more than the lower [rooms] | Preposition, particle |
| וּמֵהַתִּֽיכֹנ֖וֹת | and more than the middle [rooms] | Conjunction, preposition, particle |
| מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃ | from the ground | Preposition, particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | For they were arranged in three stories, and unlike the courts, they had no pillars. So the upper chambers were set back further than the lower and middle floors. |
| KJV | For they were in three stories, but had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore the building was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground. |
| ASV | For they were in three stories, and they had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore the uppermost was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground. |
| YLT | for they [are] threefold, and they have no pillars as the pillars of the court, therefore it hath been kept back — more than the lower and than the middle one — from the ground. |
| WEB | For they were in three stories, and they didn’t have pillars as the pillars of the courts. Therefore the uppermost was set back more than the lowest and the middle from the ground. |
| BBE | For they were on three floors, and they had no pillars like the pillars of the outer square; so the highest was narrower than the lowest and middle floors from the earth level. |
The translations agree on the description of the upper chambers and their arrangement.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by subordinate phrases that provide additional details about the arrangement and characteristics of the upper chambers.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהֵנָּה
verbשָׁלַשׁ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 42:6
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Description of the Upper Chambersgenerated
Ezekiel 42:6 describes the architectural layout of the upper chambers in the temple, highlighting their unique three-story arrangement and lack of supporting pillars, which sets them apart from the surrounding courts. This passage provides insight into the design and function of sacred spaces, similar to the descriptions found in Ezekiel 41:6 and 1 Kings 6:8.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 41:6 | The side rooms were arranged one above another in three levels of thirty rooms each. There were ledges all around the wall of the temple to serve as supports for the side rooms, so that the supports would not be fastened into the wall of the temple itself. |
| 2 | 1 Kings 6:8 | The entrance to the bottom floor was on the south side of the temple. A stairway led up to the middle level, and from there to the third floor. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת, me.shu.la.shOtgenerated
The word מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת (me.shu.la.shOt) is a passive participle derived from the verb שָׁלַשׁ (shalash), meaning to divide into three parts or to do something three times. This construction indicates that the upper chambers are arranged in three distinct layers, emphasizing their tripartite structure.
In this context, the passive form suggests that the arrangement was intentional and designed, rather than accidental. The use of this term highlights the significance of the architectural choices made in the temple's design.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations on this page, including the Berean Standard Bible, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE, agree on the meaning of the upper chambers being arranged in three stories.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb in this verse is נֶאֱצַ֗ל (ne.'e.Tzal), meaning 'it was shortened,' which governs the structure of the sentence. The arrangement of clauses includes a main clause describing the upper chambers, followed by several phrases that elaborate on their characteristics and differences from the lower levels.
The sentence structure emphasizes the contrast between the upper chambers and the lower and middle floors, with the arrangement of the clauses reflecting the hierarchical nature of the architectural design.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the key term מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת with the Greek word τριπλαῖ (triplae), which also conveys the idea of threefold arrangement. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning and reinforces the concept of triplication in the temple's design.
The translation choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew, indicating a consistent understanding of the architectural features described in the original text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 42:6 explains that the upper chambers of the temple were arranged in three stories and did not have pillars like the courts did. This meant that the upper chambers were set back further than the lower and middle floors, highlighting their unique architectural design.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This indicates that the upper chambers were designed with three distinct levels, which is a significant architectural feature in the temple's layout.
The absence of pillars suggests a different structural design compared to the courts, allowing for more space and a unique aesthetic in the upper chambers.
This verse complements other passages, such as Ezekiel 41:6 and 1 Kings 6:8, which also describe the architectural features of the temple.
The upper chambers being set back emphasizes their elevated position and distinctiveness from the lower and middle floors, which may have symbolic significance in the context of the temple.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What architectural features stand out to me in sacred spaces I have encountered?
- How does understanding the design of the temple enhance my appreciation of its spiritual significance?
- In what ways can I draw parallels between physical structures and spiritual truths in my life?
- What lessons can I learn from the intentional design choices made in sacred spaces?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 42:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleFor they were in three stories,.... Not only the galleries or posts, but the chambers; they were one over another; there were the lowermost, middlemost, and uppermost; which, as before, may denote
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 42 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryFor they were in three stories, but had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore the building was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 42 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleIn three stories; built high one over another. As the pillars of the courts; as thick and strong as those were, but of the slenderer and weaker make. The building, the highest room of the building, was straitened; was laid at nearer distance than the middlemost from the lowest, or than the roof of the lowest from the ground.
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 42 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 42:6 For they [were] in three [stories], but had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore [the building] was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground.Ver. 6. Therefore the building was straitened.] As the rules of architecture direct, and as right reason required, lest the building should shrink under its own burden. Ne structura pondere dissiliret.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 42 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(6) As the pillars of the courts.—This statement is introduced to show that as there was no external support for the galleries, they must have been taken from the width of the chambers; but it gives incidentally the interesting information that there were pillars in the courts. These could not have been the ornamental pillars at the entrance of the various porches, for the connection implies that they supported something. It is quite likely, therefore, that there were cloisters around the inside of the wall of the courts (on the pavement), as in the later Temple.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 42 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges6. the pillars of the courts] LXX. reads: pillars of the outer ones, i.e. the chambers in the outer court. Probably there is a transcriptional error here, cf. Ezekiel 41:15. was straitened] lit. there was (room) taken away from the lowest … from the ground. The last words seem in apposition with “lowest,” and refer to the ground area. The verse indicates that the chambers in the outer court had pillars, and that the three stories were all of the same dimensions.
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 42 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe front of the higher stories was not supported on pillars, but there was a narrowing from “the lowest” (chambers) “and” from “the middlemost” (chambers) “from the ground.”
Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 42 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible4-12. Toy renders: “In front of the chamber was a passageway ten cubits wide and one hundred cubits long. (See O, chart facing page 209.) Their doors were on the north.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 42 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
For they were arranged in three stories, and unlike the courts, they had no pillars. So the upper chambers were set back further than the lower and middle floors.
For they were in three stories, and they didn’t have pillars as the pillars of the courts. Therefore the uppermost was set back more than the lowest and the middle from the ground.
For they were arranged in three stories, and unlike the courts, they had no pillars. So the upper chambers were set back further than the lower and middle floors.
For they were in three stories and had no pillars like the pillars of the courts; therefore the upper chambers were set back from the ground more than the lower and upper ones.
Tyndale line
For they were in three stories, but had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore the building was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground.
For they were in three stories, and they had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore the uppermost was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground.
For they were in three stories, and they had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore the uppermost was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground.
For they were in three stories , but had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore the building was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground.
For they were in three rowes, but had not pillars as the pillars of the court: therefore there was a difference from them beneath and from the middlemost, euen from the ground.
Strictly literal
For they were in three [stories], but had not pillars as the pillars of the courts; therefore [the third story] was straitened more than the lowest and the middle-most from the ground.
for they [are] threefold, and they have no pillars as the pillars of the court, therefore it hath been kept back — more than the lower and than the middle one — from the ground.
for they [are] threefold, and they have no pillars as the pillars of the court, therefore it has been kept back—more than the lower and than the middle one—from the ground.
For they were in three stories, but had not pillars like the pillars of the courts: therefore was something taken off the lowest and the middle ones [as one ascended] from the ground.
For the halls on the third story had no columns, unlike the courtyards, which did have columns. So the highest level's rooms were smaller in size compared to the rooms in the lowest and middle levels.
From the Latin
For they were of three stories, and had not pillars, as the pillars of the courts: therefore did they appear above out of the lower places, and out of the middle places, fifty cubits from the ground.
Simplified
Since they didn't have pillars like the courtyards, the upper rooms were set farther back than the lower and middle levels.
For they were on three floors, and they had no pillars like the pillars of the outer square; so the highest was narrower than the lowest and middle floors from the earth level.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 13 of the 14 words matching. This indicates a strong consistency in the description of the upper chambers across these ancient texts.
כִּ֤י מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶן֙ עַמּוּדִ֔ים כְּעַמּוּדֵ֖י הַחֲצֵר֑וֹת עַל־ כֵּ֣ן נֶאֱצַ֗ל מֵהַתַּחְתּוֹנ֛וֹת וּמֵהַתִּֽיכֹנ֖וֹת מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃
13 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 42:6
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
Conj — ParticleHTc
for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…
שִׁלֵּשׁ (shalash) is a denominative verb meaning to do something a third time or to divide into three parts. It can also refer to being three years old. The word is derived from a primitive root that suggests intensification, but its usage is primarily focused on the concept of triplication.
[שִׁלֵּשׁ] Pi. denom. do a third time, divide into three parts, etc.
Pu. Pt. three years old
base
H8027 שִׁלֵּשׁ Pi. denom. do a third time, divide into three parts, etc. . Pt. three years old
8027 shalash shaw-lash'
a primitive root perhaps originally to intensify, i.e.
treble; but apparently used only as denominative from 7969, to
be (causatively, make) triplicate (by restoration, in
portions, strands, days or years):--do the third time,
(divide into, stay) three (days, - fold, parts, years old).
see HEBREW for 07969
שָׁלַשׁ (sha.lash) — to do three.
1) to do a third time, do three times, divide in three parts
1a) (Piel) to do a third time, divide into three parts
1b) (Pual) to be three years of age, be threefold
V-Pual-Inf-c — Verb · Pual · participle (passive) feminine pluralHVPsfpa
הֵ֫מָּה (hennah) means 'they' in Hebrew, specifically referring to a feminine plural form. It is derived from a grammatical extension of another word, הוּא (hu), which means 'he/she/it.' The entries indicate its use in various contexts, often emphasizing identity or relation.
H2007 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם they
2007 hennah hane'-naw
prolongation for 2004; themselves (often used emphatic for
the copula, also in indirect relation):--X in, X such (and
such things), their, (into) them, thence, therein, these, they
(had), on this side, whose, wherein.
see HEBREW for 02004
הֵנָּה (hen.nah) — they(fem.).
they, these, the same, who
A grammatical form of hu (הוּא "he/she/it" H1931)
Pron — PronounHPp3fp
אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.
אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought
to nothing, as nothing
cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
in circumst. clauses
with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
with prefixes
base
H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing
. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
. in circumst. clauses
. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
. with prefixes
369 'ayin ah'-yin
as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not
exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative
particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,
in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,
thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),
well-nigh, without. Compare 370.
see HEBREW for 0370
אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.
1) nothing, not, nought n
1a) nothing, nought neg
1b) not
1c) to have not (of possession) adv
1d) without w/prep
1e) for lack of
Conj | Part — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
הֶן (hen) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine plural
HR/Sp3fp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3fp
עַמּוּד (ammuwd) means 'pillar' or 'column,' referring to a vertical support structure. It can denote both a physical pillar and a platform. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to stand.' The entries consistently emphasize its architectural connotation, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.
עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד 110 n.m. pillar, column
base
H5982 עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד pillar, column
5982 `ammuwd am-mood'
or ammud {am-mood'}; from 5975; a column (as standing); also
a stand, i.e. platform:--X apiece, pillar.
see HEBREW for 05975
עַמּוּד (am.mud) — pillar.
1) pillar, column
1a) pillar
1b) column, upright
1c) column (of smoke)
עַמּוּד (am.mud) — (Hall of) Pillars.
Combined with u.lam (אוּלָם "Hall" H0197)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
עַמּוּד (ammuwd) means 'pillar' or 'column,' referring to a vertical support structure. It can denote both a physical pillar and a platform. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to stand.' The entries consistently emphasize its architectural connotation, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.
עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד 110 n.m. pillar, column
base
H5982 עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד pillar, column
5982 `ammuwd am-mood'
or ammud {am-mood'}; from 5975; a column (as standing); also
a stand, i.e. platform:--X apiece, pillar.
see HEBREW for 05975
עַמּוּד (am.mud) — pillar.
1) pillar, column
1a) pillar
1b) column, upright
1c) column (of smoke)
עַמּוּד (am.mud) — (Hall of) Pillars.
Combined with u.lam (אוּלָם "Hall" H0197)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חָצֵר (chatser) refers to an enclosure or court, and can also mean a settled abode, settlement, or village, typically appearing in the plural form חֲצֵרִים. The word is derived from a root meaning to enclose, indicating spaces that are surrounded by walls or fences.
חָצֵר 145 n.m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court
base
[חָצֵר] 46 n.m. settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
base
H2691a חָצֵר n. m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court H2691b חָצֵר settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
2691 chatser khaw-tsare'
(masculine and feminine); from 2690 in its original sense; a
yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly
surrounded with walls):--court, tower, village.
see HEBREW for 02690
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — court.
1) court, enclosure
1a) enclosures
1b) court
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — village.
settled abode, settlement, village, town
Art | N-cp — Particle · noun common both plural absoluteHTd/Ncbpa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
The Hebrew word כֵּן (*ken*) is built from the root meaning 'set upright.' It functions as an adjective meaning 'right,' 'veritable,' or 'honest,' and as an adverb meaning 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'thus.' It appears in various contexts, often indicating manner or relation, and is used in phrases like 'forasmuch as.'
כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest
right
veritable, true
pl. concr. honest (men)
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
כֵּן adv. so
base
H3651a כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest H3651b כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as H3651c כֵּן so
3651 ken kane
from 3559; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as
adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction)
rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and
relation; often with other particles):--+ after that
(this, -ward, -wards), as ... as, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be
(for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like
(manner, -wise), X the more, right, (even) so, state,
straightway, such (thing), surely, + there (where)-fore, this,
thus, true, well, X you.
see HEBREW for 03559
כֵּן (ken) — right.
adv
adj
1) right, just, honest, true, veritable
1a) right, just, honest
1b) correct
1c) true, veritable
[כִּי עַל] כֵּן ([ki al] ken) — as.
adv
forasmuch as, since
כֵּן (ken) — so.
adv
1) so, therefore, thus
1a) thus, so
1b) just so
1c) therefore
1d) so...as (paired with adv)
1e) then
1f) forasmuch as (in phrase)
1g) (with prep)
1g1) therefore, this being so (specific)
1g2) hitherto
1g3) therefore, on this ground (general)
1g4) afterwards
1g5) in such case
Aramaic equivalent: ken (כֵּן "thus" H3652)
HD — AdverbHD
אָצַל (atsal) is a verb meaning to lay aside, reserve, or withhold. It can denote actions like setting apart or being withdrawn, and appears in various forms such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil. The entries indicate that it is a denominative verb derived from another root, but do not provide specific Old Testament references.
[אָצַל] vb. denom. lay aside, reserve, withdraw, withhold
Qal reserve; (withdraw), set apart; withhold
Niph. be withdrawn, i.e. shortened or narrowed.
Hiph. = Qal
base
H680 אָצַל vb. denom. lay aside, reserve, withdraw, withhold
680 'atsal aw-tsal'
a primitive root; properly, to join; used only as a
denominative from 681; to separate; hence, to select, refuse,
contract:--keep, reserve, straiten, take.
see HEBREW for 0681
אָצַל (a.tsal) — to reserve.
1) to lay aside, reserve, withdraw, withhold
1a) (Qal) to reserve, set apart, withhold
1b) (Niphal) to be withdrawn
1c) (Hiphil) to withdraw
V-Niphal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person masculine singularHVNp3ms
תַּחְתּוֹן (tachtown) means 'lower' or 'lowest,' derived from a root that signifies 'bottommost.' It is used in contexts referring to something that is beneath or at a lower level, including a specific reference to Beth Horon. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to position and depth.
תַּחְתּוֹן adj. lower, lowest
base
H8481 תַּחְתּוֹן lower, lowest
8481 tachtown takh-tone'
or tachton {takh-tone'}; from 8478;
bottommost:--lower(-est), nether(-most).
see HEBREW for 08478
תַּחְתּוֹן (tach.ton) — Lower (Beth Horon).
Combined with bet cho.ron (בֵּית חוֹרֹן "Beth-horon" H1032)
§ lower, lowest, nether
Another name of bet cho.ron (בֵּית חוֹרֹן "Beth-horon" H1032G)
תַּחְתּוֹן (tach.ton) — lower.
lower, lowest, nether
Prep | Art | Adj — Preposition · particleHR/Td/Aafpa
תִּיכוֹן (tiykown) means 'middle' or 'central,' derived from the root word for 'to be in the midst.' It is used to describe something that is in the middle or midst of a context, though the entries do not specify particular verses where it appears.
תִּיכוֹן, תִּיכֹן adj. middle
base
H8484 תִּיכוֹן, תִּיכֹן middle
8484 tiykown tee-kone'
or tiykon {tee-kone'}; from 8432; central:--middle(-most),
midst.
see HEBREW for 08432
תִּיכוֹן (ti.khon) — middle.
middle
Conj | Prep | Art | Adj — Conjunction · preposition · particleHC/R/Td/Aafpa
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
HR/Td/Ncfsa — Preposition · particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Td/Ncfsa