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Exodus 9:32 — Word Study

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WLCוְהַחִטָּ֥ה וְהַכֻּסֶּ֖מֶת לֹ֣א נֻכּ֑וּ כִּ֥י אֲפִילֹ֖ת הֵֽנָּה׃

BSAbut the wheatchiṭṭâh [or spelt, a type of grain] and speltkuççemeth [rye, a wheat-like crop] were notlôʼ destroyednâkâh [smitten, struck] becausekîy theyhênnâh are late cropsʼâphîyl [considered, not yet mature, still growing]

Word
Listen & take awayExodus 9
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 32 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (He.nah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Exodus 9:32quick helps
In a sentenceThe wheat and spelt were spared from destruction because they were not yet mature.
What was affectedThe flax and barley were destroyed, but not the wheat and spelt.
Why it mattersThe distinction between crops highlights the timing of their growth.
The hard wordאֲפִילֹ֖ת
Take awayThe late crops were protected from the plague.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהֵנָּה verbנָכָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Exodus 9:32

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Plagues of Egyptgenerated

31(Now the flax and barley were destroyed, since the barley was ripe and the flax was in bloom;
32but the wheat and spelt were not destroyed, because they are late crops.)
33Then Moses departed from Pharaoh, went out of the city, and spread out his hands to the LORD. The thunder and hail ceased, and the rain no longer poured down on the land.
34When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart—he and his officials.

Exodus 9:32 describes the aftermath of a devastating plague that struck Egypt. While the flax and barley were destroyed due to their maturity, the wheat and spelt were spared because they were still growing. This distinction emphasizes God's control over nature and the timing of His judgments, as seen throughout the plagues that befell Egypt.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Exodus 10:22So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and total darkness covered all the land of Egypt for three days.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to

not grown upExodus 10:22

The Key Word אֲפִילֹ֖ת, 'a.fi.Lotgenerated

The Hebrew word אָפִיל (aphiyl) means late or unripe, particularly in the context of crops. It suggests that the wheat and spelt were not yet mature and therefore not ready for harvest.

This word's use here indicates that these crops were still growing and thus protected from the destruction that befell the other grains. It highlights the agricultural cycle and God's providence in allowing some crops to survive.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, the verse is examined in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term late crops.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb in this verse is נֻכּ֑וּ, they were struck, which governs the entire clause. The sentence structure emphasizes the subject הֵֽנָּה (they), followed by the predicate אֲפִילֹ֖ת (late crops).

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the crops that were spared, showcasing the contrast with the earlier destruction of the flax and barley.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates חִטָּה as πυρὸς and כֻּסֶּמֶת as ὀλύρα, indicating a consistent understanding of these grains. The choice of these Greek words reflects the translators' familiarity with the agricultural context.

The LXX does not provide a direct equivalent for אֲפִילֹ֖ת, which may suggest a broader interpretation of the term as it pertains to the timing of the crops.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Exodus 9:32 tells us that while the flax and barley were destroyed because they were ripe, the wheat and spelt were not destroyed because they were still growing. This shows how the timing of the crops' maturity influenced their survival during the plagues in Egypt.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that the wheat and spelt were not destroyed?

It means that these crops were still growing and not yet mature, which is why they were spared from the plague that affected the other grains.

Why were the flax and barley destroyed?

The flax and barley were destroyed because they were ripe and ready for harvest, making them vulnerable to the plague.

What does the term 'late crops' imply?

The term 'late crops' implies that these grains had not yet reached maturity and were still in the growing phase, which protected them from destruction.

How does this verse relate to God's judgment?

This verse illustrates God's control over nature and His ability to distinguish between crops based on their maturity, demonstrating His sovereignty in the judgments He executed upon Egypt.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can I learn about God's timing in my own life from this verse?
  2. How does understanding the growth stages of crops help me appreciate God's creation?
  3. In what ways can I see God's protection in my life, similar to the spared crops?
  4. How can I apply the lessons of judgment and mercy from this passage to my daily decisions?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Exodus 9:32 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

But the wheat and the rye were not smitten,.... Bruised, broken, beat down, and destroyed by hail: the word by us rendered "rye", and by other "fitches" or "spelt", is thought by Dr.

Read John Gill on Exodus 9 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And the flax and the barley was smitten: for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled.

Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 9 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The Hebrew word may be rendered either dark or hid, to wit, under the ground, whereby it was secured from this stroke; or late, as divers of the Hebrews and other interpreters render it. This kind of corn coming later up, was now tender and hidden, either in the ground or in the herb; whereby it was in some measure secured both from the fire by its greenness and moisture, and from the hail by its pliableness and yielding to it, whereas the stalks of barley were more dry and stiff, and therefore more liable to the hail and fire.

Read Matthew Poole on Exodus 9 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Exodus 9:32 But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they [were] not grown up. Ver. 32.

Read John Trapp on Exodus 9 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(32) The wheat and the rie.—“Rie,” or rye, is a wrong translation. It is a grain which has never been grown in Egypt. The only three kinds of grain cultivated were wheat, barley, and the holcus sorghum, or doora. There is no doubt that this last is intended by the Hebrew cussemeth, which is a word derived from the Egyptian. The wheat is a full month later than the barley in Egypt, and does not come into ear till March. The holcus sorghum may be grown at any time, except during the inundation. If sown with the wheat, it would ripen about the same period. They were not grown up.—Heb., they were late, or dark. The ear was undeveloped, and lay hid in the low tufts that grew like grass.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 9 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 32. But the wheat and the rye were not smitten] Wheat, chittah, which Mr. Parkhurst thinks should be derived from the Chaldee and Samaritan חטי chati, which signifies tender, delicious, delicate, because of the superiority of its flavour, c., to every other kind of grain. But this term in Scripture appears to mean any kind of bread-corn. Rye, כסמת cussemeth, from casam, to have long hair and hence, though the particular species is not known, the word must mean some bearded grain. The Septuagint call it ολυρα, the Vulgate for, and Aquila ζεα, which signify the grain called spelt; and some suppose that rice is meant. Mr. Harmer, referring to the double harvest in Egypt mentioned by Dr.…

Read AdamClarke on Exodus 9 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

32. spelt] ‘bread made from spelt is frequently found in Egyptian tombs’ (Lepsius, in a private letter to Dillmann). ‘Spelt’ (Isaiah 28:25, Ezekiel 4:9†) is a cereal closely allied to wheat, which it much resembles (NHB. 479; and, with fuller particulars, EB. ii. 1532). LXX. ὄλυρα; Aq. Sym. ζέα. were not grown up] are late (see Ges. Thes. p. 137); i.e. are habitually late in coming up: as stated above, they are about a month later than flax and barley.

Read Cambridge on Exodus 9 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

SEVENTH PLAGUE — THE HAIL, Exodus 9:13-35. The third triad of judgments is introduced with unusual formality and solemnity. Pharaoh was now a “vessel of wrath,” fit only for destruction. See note on Exodus 9:12.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Exodus 9 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

but the wheat and spelt were not destroyed, because they are late crops.)

WEBWorld English Bible2000

But the wheat and the spelt were not struck, for they had not grown up.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

but the wheat and spelt were not destroyed, because they are late crops.)

NETBNew English Translation2006

But the wheat and the spelt were not struck, for they are later crops.)

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they were not grown up.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

But the wheat and the spelt were not smitten: for they were not grown up.

RVARevised Version, American1894

But the wheat and the spelt were not smitten: for they were not grown up.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

But the wheat and the rye were not smitten; for they were not grown up.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

But the wheat and the rye were not smitten, for they were hid in the grounde)

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

But the wheat and the spelt were not smitten; for they were not come out into ear.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and the wheat and the rye have not been smitten, for they are late.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and the wheat and the rye have not been struck, for they are late.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

But the wheat and the millet were not smitten; for they are late-ripening.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

But the wheat and the spelt were not harmed because they were later crops.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

But the wheat, and other winter corn were not hurt, because they were lateward.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

However, the wheat and the spelt were not destroyed because they grow later.)

BBEBible in Basic English1949

But the rest of the grain-plants were undamaged, for they had not come up.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausenoun phrase · subjectnoun phraseהַtheחִטָּ֥הwheatוְandnoun phraseהַtheכֻּסֶּ֖מֶתspeltadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbנֻכּ֑וּthey.were.struckכִּ֥י(dm)clausepredicateאֲפִילֹ֖ת[are].late.[crops]subjectהֵֽנָּהthey

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: וְהַחִטָּ֥ה וְהַכֻּסֶּ֖מֶת לֹ֣א נֻכּ֑וּ כִּ֥י אֲפִילֹ֖ת הֵֽנָּה׃. The Septuagint matches six of the seven words in the MT, while the Samaritan Pentateuch differs by using the term אֲפִילֹ֖ת instead of the MT's אֲפִיל.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְהַחִטָּ֥ה וְהַכֻּסֶּ֖מֶת לֹ֣א נֻכּ֑וּ כִּ֥י אֲפִילֹ֖ת הֵֽנָּה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְהַחִטָּ֥הπυρὸςוְהַכֻּסֶּ֖מֶתὀλύραלֹ֣אοὐκנֻכּ֑וּἐπλήγηאֲפִילֹ֖תὄψιμαהֵֽנָּה׃ἦν

6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

והחטה והכסמת לא נכו כי אפלות הנה

1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: אפלות (late)

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q14a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

והחטה והכסמת לא נכו [כי] אפילות [הנה]

2 words on the leather — 3 partly restored, 2 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Exodus 9:32חִטָּהand the wheand the wheatחִטָּהכֻּסֶּ֫מֶתand the speand the speltכֻּסֶּ֫מֶתלֹאnotnotלֹאנָכָהthey were sthey were strucנָכָהכִּיforforכִּיאָפִיל[are] late [are] late [croאָפִילהֵ֫מָּהtheytheyהֵ֫מָּהכָּסַםto shearto shearכָּסַםאָפֵלgloomgloomאָפֵלהֵן3 fem3 femהֵןכֹּרkorkorכֹּרשְׂעֹרָהbarleybarleyשְׂעֹרָהיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדמַכָּהwoundwoundמַכָּהפְּלִשְׁתִּי(Sea of th(Sea of the) Phפְּלִשְׁתִּייָדַעto knowto knowיָדַעיָהַבto giveto giveיָהַבעֶרְוָהnakednessnakednessעֶרְוָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Exodus 9:32

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and the wheat and the spelt not they were struck for [are] late [crops] they
וְהַחִטָּ֥הve.ha.chi.Tah and the wheat H2406 Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means wheat, whether the plant or the grain. It is used in the Bible to describe fields of wheat, like those in the story of Ruth and Boaz.
Amplified meaning
or spelt, a type of grain
Tyndale gloss
wheat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חִטָּה (chittah) means wheat, referring to both the grain and the plant. It can also denote wheat flour. The Aramaic equivalent is חִנְטָה (chintah). The word's derivation is uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חִטָּה n.f. wheat

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2406 חִטָּה wheat

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2406 chittah khit-taw'

of uncertain derivation; wheat, whether the grain or the

plant:--wheat(-en).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חִטָּה (chit.tah) — wheat.

1) wheat

1a) wheat (plant)

1b) wheat flour

Aramaic equivalent: chin.tah (חִנְטָה "wheat" H2591)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Art | N-fs — Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Td/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hwet

((1) chiTTah, the specific word for wheat (Ge 30:14; Ex 34:22, etc.), with puros (Judith 3:3; Sirach 39:26);

(2) bar, or bar (Jer 23:28; Joe 2:24; Am 5:11; 8:6); in other passages translated "grain" or "corn";

(3) sitos (Mt 3:12; 13:25,29,30; Lu 3:17; 16:7; 22:31, etc.) (for other words translated occasionally "wheat" in the King James Version see CORN; FOOD)): Wheat, usually the bearded variety, is cultivated all over Palestine, though less so than barley. The great plain of the Hauran is a vast expanse of…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Wheat

One of the earliest cultivated grains. It bore the Hebrew name hittah, and was extensively cultivated in Palestine. There are various species of wheat. That which Pharaoh saw in his dream was the Triticum compositum, which bears several ears upon one stalk (Gen. 41:5). The “fat of the kidneys of wheat” (Deut. 32:14), and the “finest of the wheat” (Ps. 81:16; 147:14), denote the best of the kind. It was exported from Palestine in great quantities (1 Kings 5:11; Ezek. 27:17; Acts 12:20).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

the well-known valuable cereal, cultivated from the earliest times, is first mentioned in ((Genesis 30:14) in the account of Jacob’s sojourn with Laban in Mesopotamia. Egypt in ancient times was celebrated for the growth of its wheat; the best quality was all bearded; and the same varieties existed in ancient as in modern times, among which may be mentioned the seven-eared quality described in Pharaoh’s dream. (Genesis 41:22) Babylonia was also noted for the excellence of its wheat and other cereals. Syria and Palestine produced wheat of fine quality and in large quantities. (Psalms 81:16; 147:14) etc. There appear to be two or three kinds of wheat at present grown in Palestine, the Triticum vulgare , the T. spelta , and…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Is the principal and most valuable kind of grain for the service of man, and is produced in almost every part of the world, Ge 30:14 De 8:8 Jud 6:11 Mt 13:25 1Co 15:37. It is often intended where the word corn is used. See CORN.

The Egyptian wheat, Triticum Compositum, has six or seven ears on one head; so that it presented its usual appearance in this respect in Pharaoh’s dream, Ge 41:5-7. The "meat-offerings" of the Mosaic service, Le 2:1-16, were all made of wheaten flour.

and the wheat and the spelt not they were struck for [are] late [crops] they
וְהַכֻּסֶּ֖מֶתve.hak.ku.Se.met and the spelt H3698 Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Kussemeth refers to a type of grain called spelt or rye. It's a wheat-like crop harvested in fall or spring. This word is used in Exodus 9:32 and Isaiah 28:25.
Amplified meaning
rye, a wheat-like crop
Tyndale gloss
rye
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֻּסֶּ֫מֶת (kuccemeth) refers to spelt, a type of grain similar to wheat. It is derived from the root word for a bristly appearance, suggesting its physical characteristics. The entries consistently identify it as spelt or rye, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֻּסֶּ֫מֶת n.f. spelt

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3698 כֻּסֶּ֫מֶת spelt

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3698 kuccemeth koos-seh'-meth

from 3697; spelt (from its bristliness as if just

shorn):--fitches, rie.

see HEBREW for 03697

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֻּסֶּ֫מֶת (kus.se.met) — rye.

spelt-a wheat-like crop planted and harvested in the fall or spring

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Art | N-fs — Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Td/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

spelt (kuccemeth; olura, zea (Ex 9:32, the King James Version "rye"; Isa 18:25, the King James Version "rye," margin "spelt"; Eze 4:9, the King James Version "fitches" margin "spelt"; the Revised Version (British and American) adopts "spelt," influenced by the Septuagint, in all passages)): Spelt is the seed of Triticum spelta, a kind of wild wheat. Several writers would identify this kuccemeth with the Arabic kirsenneh (Vicia ervilia), a kind of vetch much used as camels' fodder.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See RYE

and the wheat and the spelt not they were struck for [are] late [crops] they
לֹ֣אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the wheat and the spelt not they were struck for [are] late [crops] they
נֻכּ֑וּnu.Ku they were struck H5221 Verb · Pual · perfect third person common plural
500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to strike or hit something, and it's used in many different ways, like in Exodus when God strikes down the Egyptians. It can also mean to punish or destroy, as seen in Isaiah. The word is used to describe God's judgment.
Amplified meaning
smitten, struck
Tyndale gloss
to smite
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָכָה (nakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strike or smite, encompassing a range of actions from lightly hitting to fatal blows. It appears in various forms, indicating actions like attacking, punishing, or causing disease. The entries suggest its use in both literal and figurative contexts, including divine judgment and applause. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָכָה] 501 vb. smite (not in Qal)

Niph. and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die

Pu. both be smitten down by the hail

Hiph.

lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike

smite repeatedly, beat a man

and they clapped hands (in applause)

give a thrust (with fork) into pot; strike roots

rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound

smite, of sun

Smite fatally

Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company

Of God

smite with a plague, disease, etc.

smite = chastise, or send judgment upon

of God’s destroying palaces

Hoph. be smitten

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5221 נָכָה smite (not in Qal) . and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die

. both be smitten down by the hail

. . . lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike

. smite repeatedly, beat a man

. and they clapped hands (in applause)

. give a thrust (with fork) into pot; strike roots

. rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound

. smite, of sun

. Smite fatally

. Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company

. Of God . smite with a plague, disease, etc.

. smite = chastise, or send judgment upon

. of God’s destroying palaces

. be smitten

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5221 nakah naw-kaw'

a primitive root; to strike (lightly or severely, literally

or figuratively):--beat, cast forth, clap, give (wounds), X

go forward, X indeed, kill, make (slaughter), murderer,

punish, slaughter, slay(-er, -ing), smite(-r, -ing), strike,

be stricken, (give) stripes, X surely, wound.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָכָה (na.khah) — to smite.

1) to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill

1a)(Niphal) to be stricken or smitten

1b) (Pual) to be stricken or smitten

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to smite, strike, beat, scourge, clap, applaud, give a thrust

1c2) to smite, kill, slay (man or beast)

1c3) to smite, attack, attack and destroy, conquer, subjugate, ravage

1c4) to smite, chastise, send judgment upon, punish, destroy

1d) (Hophal) to be smitten

1d1) to receive a blow

1d2) to be wounded

1d3) to be beaten

1d4) to be (fatally) smitten, be killed, be slain

1d5) to be attacked and captured

1d6) to be smitten (with disease)

1d7) to be blighted (of plants)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Pual-Perf-3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common plural
HVPp3cp
and the wheat and the spelt not they were struck for [are] late [crops] they
כִּ֥יki for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the wheat and the spelt not they were struck for [are] late [crops] they
אֲפִילֹ֖ת'a.fi.Lot [are] late [crops] H648 Adj
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word describes something that is not yet mature or ripe, often used to describe fruit or people. In the Bible, it appears in descriptions of growth and development, like a person who is not yet grown up.
Amplified meaning
considered, not yet mature, still growing
Tyndale gloss
late
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָפִיל (aphiyl) refers to something that is late or unripe, particularly in the context of crops. It is derived from a root meaning weakness and is associated with the idea of being darkened or concealed. The term appears in Exodus 9:32, where it describes late crops like wheat and spelt.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[אָפִיל] adj. (darkened, concealed, thence) late, of crops;—אֲפִילֹת Ex 9:32 of wheat & spelt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H648 [אָפִיל] (darkened, concealed, thence) late, of crops

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

648 'aphiyl aw-feel'

from the same as 651 (in the sense of weakness);

unripe:--not grown up.

see HEBREW for 0651

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָפִיל (a.phil) — late.

late, ripe

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafpa
and the wheat and the spelt not they were struck for [are] late [crops] they
הֵֽנָּה׃He.nah they H2007 Pronoun
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A Hebrew pronoun meaning they or them, used to refer to a group of people or things, often in a general sense, like in the Psalms. It can also be used to describe something belonging to them.
Tyndale gloss
they(fem.)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵ֫מָּה (hennah) means 'they' in Hebrew, specifically referring to a feminine plural form. It is derived from a grammatical extension of another word, הוּא (hu), which means 'he/she/it.' The entries indicate its use in various contexts, often emphasizing identity or relation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2007 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם they

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2007 hennah hane'-naw

prolongation for 2004; themselves (often used emphatic for

the copula, also in indirect relation):--X in, X such (and

such things), their, (into) them, thence, therein, these, they

(had), on this side, whose, wherein.

see HEBREW for 02004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵנָּה (hen.nah) — they(fem.).

they, these, the same, who

A grammatical form of hu (הוּא "he/she/it" H1931)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3fp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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