1 Chronicles 1:45 — Word Study
WLCוַיָּ֖מָת יוֹבָ֑ב וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו חוּשָׁ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ הַתֵּימָנִֽי׃
BSAWhen JobabYôwbâb [a desert, a name of several Israelites] diedmûwth▸ [passed away, to die as a punishment] HushamChûwshâm [meaning haste, one of the early kings of Edom] from the landʼerets [the soil, a country or territory] of the TemanitesTêymânîy [descendants of Teman, a grandson of Esau] reignedmâlak▸ [to advise or counsel, to rule as a king] in his placetachath [underneath, in his stead, as his successor]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיָּ֖מָת | and he died | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| יוֹבָ֑ב | Jobab | Noun proper masculine |
| וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ | and he reigned | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| תַּחְתָּ֔יו | in place of him | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| חוּשָׁ֖ם | Husham | Noun proper masculine |
| מֵאֶ֥רֶץ | from [the] land of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| הַתֵּימָנִֽי׃ | the Temanite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | When Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites reigned in his place. |
| KJV | And when Jobab was dead, Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead. |
| ASV | And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead. |
| YLT | and Jobab dieth, and reign in his stead doth Husham from the land of the Temanite; |
| WEB | Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place. |
| BBE | At the death of Jobab, Husham, from the land of the Temanites, became king in his place. |
The translations agree on the wording of the verse, with no significant differences noted.
The structure features a main clause followed by a subordinate clause that details the succession, clearly linking the events.
1 commentators on this verse
Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיוֹבָב
verbמוּת
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:45
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Kings of Edomgenerated
1 Chronicles 1:45 recounts the succession of kings in Edom, a region southeast of Israel. This verse specifically notes the transition from Jobab to Husham, highlighting the continuity of leadership in the lineage of Edom's kings. The context illustrates the historical significance of these rulers and their territories, connecting the narrative to the broader history of the Israelites and their neighbors.
Cross References
The Key Word — מוּת, vai.Ya.motgenerated
The verb מוּת (mūth) means 'to die' and can refer to both natural death and death as a punishment. In this verse, it indicates the end of Jobab's reign, showing the inevitability of death in the succession of leadership.
This word is used throughout the Hebrew Bible to describe various forms of death, emphasizing its significance in the context of leadership transitions. The parsing as a sequential imperfect third person masculine singular suggests an event that has occurred in the past, marking a pivotal moment in the narrative.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the wording of the verse, with all versions reflecting the same essential meaning regarding Jobab's death and Husham's succession.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs govern the main actions in the verse: וַיָּ֖מָת (and he died) and וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ (and he reigned). The structure indicates a clear sequence of events, with Jobab's death leading directly to Husham's reign.
The sentence structure is straightforward, with the subject Jobab followed by the verbs that describe his death and Husham's subsequent reign, illustrating the cause-and-effect relationship typical in genealogical accounts.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, מוּת is rendered as ἀπέθανεν (apethanen), which also means 'he died.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the focus on the event of death.
The consistency in translation suggests an emphasis on the finality of death in the leadership succession within Edom.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 1:45 tells us that when Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites became king. This verse is part of a list of Edomite kings, showing the succession of leadership in the region.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Jobab means 'a desert' and is the name of several figures in the Bible, including a king of Edom.
Husham was one of the early kings of Edom, and his name means 'haste.'
The Temanites are descendants of Teman, a grandson of Esau, and they represent a significant group in the history of Edom.
The succession of kings highlights the continuity of leadership and the historical context of the Edomite people in relation to Israel.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the succession of leadership in Edom about the nature of power and authority?
- How does the concept of death influence our understanding of leadership transitions in history?
- In what ways can we see the importance of names and their meanings in the biblical narrative?
- How does the historical account of Edom relate to the larger story of Israel in the Old Testament?
Commentators on this verse — 1 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:45 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(43-54) The ancient kings and chiliarchs of Edom, a transcript of Gen 36:31-43, with only such differences as are incidental to transcribing.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
When Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
When Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
When Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites succeeded him.
Tyndale line
And when Jobab was dead, Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead.
And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead.
And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead.
And when Jobab was dead, Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead.
And whe Iobab was dead, Hussham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead.
Strictly literal
And Jobab died; and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead.
and Jobab dieth, and reign in his stead doth Husham from the land of the Temanite;
and Jobab dies, and Husham from the land of the Temanite reigns in his stead;
And Jobab died, and there reigned in his stead Chusham of the land of Theman.
When Jobab died, Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
From the Latin
And when Jobab also was dead, Husam of the land of the Themanites reigned in his stead.
Simplified
When Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites took over as king.
At the death of Jobab, Husham, from the land of the Temanites, became king in his place.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all seven words matched in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This indicates a strong consistency in the transmission of this particular passage.
וַיָּ֖מָת יוֹבָ֑ב וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו חוּשָׁ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ הַתֵּימָנִֽי׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:45
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.
מוּת vb. die
Qal
die, of natural or other causes
die as a penalty = be put to death
Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
Hiph.
abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
subj. God, by inflicting penalty
of animals killing men
bring to a premature death
Hoph. be killed, put to death
base
H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes
. die as a penalty = be put to death
. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
. subj. God, by inflicting penalty
. of animals killing men
. bring to a premature death
. be killed, put to death
4191 muwth mooth
a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);
causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,
man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,
be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,
slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.
מוּת (mut) — to die.
1) to die, kill, have one executed
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to die
1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death
1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)
1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)
1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch
1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be killed, be put to death
1d1a) to die prematurely
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
The Hebrew word יוֹבָב (Yowbab) refers to several figures, including a son of Joktan, a king of Edom, and a king of Madon who opposed Joshua. It also denotes individuals from the tribe of Benjamin. The name is associated with the meaning 'a desert.' The entries indicate multiple references to different Jobabs across the Old Testament.
יוֹבָב n.pr.m.
‘son’ of Yoḳtân
a king in Edom
king of Madon
Benjamites
base
H3103 יוֹבָב . ‘son’ of Yoḳtân
. a king in Edom
. king of Madon
. Benjamites
3103 Yowbab yo-bawb'
from 2980; howler; Jobab, the name of two Israelites and of
three foreigners:--Jobab.
see HEBREW for 02980
יוֹבָב (yo.vav) — Jobab.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.29;
son of: Joktan (H3355);
brother of: Almodad (H0486), Sheleph (H8026), Hazarmaveth (H2700), Jerah (H3392), Hadoram (H1913A), Uzal (H0187), Diklah (H1853), Obal (H5745), Abimael (H0039), Sheba (H7614H), Ophir (H0211) and Havilah (H2341I)
§ Jobab = "a desert"
1) the last in order of the sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem
2) one of the kings of Edom
3) the king of Madon, located in northern Canaan, and one of the kings who opposed Joshua during the conquest and who were routed at Meron
4) head of a Benjamite house
5) another Benjamite
יוֹבָב (yo.vav) — Jobab.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.33;
son of: Zerah (H2226H)
§ Jobab = "a desert"
1) the last in order of the sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem
2) one of the kings of Edom
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Jobab
Dweller in the desert. (1.) One of the sons of Joktan, and founder of an Arabian tribe (Gen. 10:29). (2.) King of Edom, succeeded Bela (Gen. 36:33, 34). (3.) A Canaanitish king (Josh. 11:1) who joined the confederacy against Joshua.
(a desert). The last in order of the sons of Joktan. (Genesis 10:29; 1 Chronicles 1:23) One of the "kings" of Edom. (Genesis 3:34; 1 Chronicles 1:44; 45) King of Madon; one of the northern chieftains who attempted to oppose Joshua’s conquest and were routed by him at Meron. (Joshua 11:1) only. Head of a Benjamite house. (1 Chronicles 8:9)
sorrowful, hated
מָלַךְ (malak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to reign, become king or queen, or to counsel. It encompasses various forms, including Qal (to reign), Hiphil (to make someone king), and Niphal (to consider). The word appears in contexts related to royalty and governance, with a notable reference in Daniel 9:1 for its use in the passive form.
H4427a מָלַךְ vb. denom. be, or become king, or queen, reign H4427b מָלַךְ counsel, advise—only Niph. Impf.
4427 malak maw-lak'
a primitive root; to reign; inceptively, to ascend the
throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by
implication) to take counsel:--consult, X indeed, be (make,
set a, set up) king, be (make) queen, (begin to, make to)
reign(-ing), rule, X surely.
מָלַךְ (ma.lakh) — to reign.
1) to be or become king or queen, reign
1a) (Qal) to be or become king or queen, reign
1b) (Hiphil) to make one king or queen, cause to reign
1c) (Hophal) to be made king or queen
מָלַךְ (ma.lakh) — to advise.
1) to counsel, advise
1a) (Niphal) to consider
Aramaic equivalent: me.lakh (מְלֵךְ "counsel" H4431)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.
תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
base
H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
8478 tachath takh'-ath
from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only
adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix
underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,
in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead
of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,
with.
see HEBREW for 08430
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.
: under/below
1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m
1a) the under part adv accus
1b) beneath prep
1c) under, beneath
1c1) at the foot of (idiom)
1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)
1c3) of subjection or conquest
1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands
1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)
1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)
1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)
conj
1e) instead of, instead of that
1f) in return for that, because that in compounds
1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)
1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.
: instead/in_place/exchange
Prep | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
חֻשָׁם (Chuwsham) refers to Husham, a king of Edom mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in Genesis 36:34. The name is derived from a root meaning 'hastily.' The entries consistently identify Husham as an early Edomite king, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
חֻשָׁם, חוּשָׁם n.pr.m. a king of Edom
base
H2367 חֻשָׁם, חוּשָׁם a king of Edom
2367 Chuwsham khoo-shawm'
or Chusham {khoo-shawm'}; from 2363; hastily; Chusham, an
Idumaean:--Husham.
see HEBREW for 02363
חֻשָׁם (chu.sham) — Husham.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.34
§ Husham = "haste"
one of the early kings of Edom
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
hu'-sham (chusham, Ge 36:34; chusham, 1Ch 1:45-46, "alert"): According to the former reference, Husham was one of the kings of Edom, and according to the latter he was "of the land of the Temanites" and (1Ch 1:35 f) descended from Esau.
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
תֵּימָנִי (teymaní) refers to a Temanite, someone from Teman, a region east of Idumea. It is derived from תֵּימָן (Teman), which is associated with Esau's grandson and a duke of Edom. The entries consistently identify it as a descriptor for a descendant or inhabitant of Teman.
תֵּימָנִי adj.gent. the land of the Temanites
base
H8489 תֵּימָנִי the land of the Temanites
8489 Teymaniy tay-maw-nee'
patronymically from 8487; a Temanite or descendant of
Teman:--Temani, Temanite.
see HEBREW for 08487
תֵּימָנִי (te.ma.ni) — Temanite.
Someone from Teman
Group of te.man (תֵּימָן "Teman" H8487H)
§ Temanite or Temani "southward"
1) an inhabitant of Teman located east of Idumea
2) a descendant of Teman, the grandson of Esau and a duke of Edom
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa