Genesis 10:3
Genesis 10:3 in Multiple Translations
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz and Riphath and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sonnes of Gomer, Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And sons of Gomer [are] Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer were: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ascenez and Riphath and Thogorma.
The sons of Gomer were Askenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
Berean Amplified Bible — Genesis 10:3
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
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Genesis 10:3 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וּ/בְנֵ֖י
גֹּ֑מֶר
אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז
וְ/רִיפַ֖ת
וְ/תֹגַרְמָֽה
וּ/בְנֵ֖י
bên
H1121
son
Conj | N-mp
גֹּ֑מֶר
Gômer
H1586
Gomer
N-proper
אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז
ʼAshkᵉnaz
H813
Ashkenaz
N-proper
וְ/רִיפַ֖ת
Rîyphath
H7384
Riphath
Conj | N-proper
וְ/תֹגַרְמָֽה
Tôwgarmâh
H8425
-togarmah
Conj | N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Genesis 10:3
וּ/בְנֵ֖י
bên
H1121
"son"
Conj | N-mp
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
גֹּ֑מֶר
Gômer
H1586
"Gomer"
N-proper
Gomer means complete, the name of a son of Japheth and a woman married to Hosea, as told in Hosea 1:3. She was the mother of Jezreel, Lo-ruhamah, and Lo-ammi. Gomer was also the name of a Hebrew woman.
Definition: A woman living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at Hos.1.3; daughter of: Diblaim (H1691); married to Hosea (H1954J); mother of: Jezreel (H3157K), Lo-ruhamah (H3819), Lo-ammi lo am.mi (לֹא עַמִּי "Not My People" H3818)) § Gomer = "complete" 1) the eldest son of Japheth and grandson of Noah; the progenitor of the early Cimmerians and other branches of the Celtic family 2) the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea; Hosea's relationship with her was symbolic of God's relationship with wayward Israel
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: Gomer. See also: Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles 1:6; Hosea 1:3.
אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז
ʼAshkᵉnaz
H813
"Ashkenaz"
N-proper
Ashkenaz is a descendant of Japheth and a northern people, possibly from Bithynia. The name means a man as sprinkled or fire as scattered.
Definition: § Ashchenaz or Ashkenaz = "a man as sprinkled: fire as scattered" a descendant of Japheth 2) a northern people, perhaps of Bithynia
Usage: Occurs in 3 OT verses. KJV: Ashkenaz. See also: Genesis 10:3; 1 Chronicles 1:6; Jeremiah 51:27.
וְ/רִיפַ֖ת
Rîyphath
H7384
"Riphath"
Conj | N-proper
Riphath was a grandson of Japheth, mentioned in Genesis 10:3, and his descendants were known as the Riphathites. He was a brother of Ashkenaz and Togarmah. Riphath is also the name of a people living at the time of the Patriarchs.
Definition: A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3; son of: Gomer (H1586); brother of: Ashkenaz (H0813) and Togarmah (H8425) Also named: ri.phat (רִיפַת "Riphath" H7384B) § Riphath = "spoken" the 2nd son of Gomer
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Riphath. See also: Genesis 10:3; 1 Chronicles 1:6.
וְ/תֹגַרְמָֽה
Tôwgarmâh
H8425
"-togarmah"
Conj | N-proper
Togarmah was a son of Gomer, and his descendants settled in a territory likely known as Armenia. The name Togarmah means thou wilt break her, and it appears in the book of Genesis and Ezekiel.
Definition: Combined with ba.yit (בַּ֫יִת ", Beth-" H1004I) § Togarmah = "thou wilt break her" territory settled by the descendants of Togarmah probably the area known as Armenia
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: Togarmah. See also: Genesis 10:3; Ezekiel 27:14; Ezekiel 38:6.
Study Notes — Genesis 10:3
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Genesis 10:3 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Genesis 10:3
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Genesis 10:3
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
- Trapp's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
- Ellicott's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
- Cambridge Bible on Genesis 10:3
- Whedon's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
Context — The Japhethites
1This is the account of Noah’s sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, who also had sons after the flood.
2The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
3The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
4And the sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittites, and the Rodanites. 5From these, the maritime peoples separated into their territories, according to their languages, by clans within their nations.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 27:14 | The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 51:27 | “Raise a banner in the land! Blow the ram’s horn among the nations! Prepare the nations against her. Summon the kingdoms against her— Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a captain against her; bring up horses like swarming locusts. |
Genesis 10:3 Summary
Genesis 10:3 tells us about the sons of Gomer, who was a son of Japheth, one of Noah's sons. The sons of Gomer are listed as Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah, and this is important because it shows how God was fulfilling His promise to Noah to fill the earth (Genesis 9:1). This verse is also a reminder that God cares about individual people and families, and that He has a plan for each of them (as seen in Jeremiah 29:11). By studying this verse, we can learn more about God's love for humanity and His desire to have a relationship with each of us.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Gomer in the Bible?
Gomer was one of the sons of Japheth, as mentioned in Genesis 10:2, and his sons are listed in Genesis 10:3 as Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
What is the significance of the names Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah?
The names Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah are significant because they represent the descendants of Gomer and are also mentioned in other parts of the Bible, such as in Ezekiel 27:14, which refers to the people of Togarmah as bringing horses and horsemen to trade.
How does this verse fit into the larger narrative of the Bible?
Genesis 10:3 is part of the table of nations in Genesis 10, which describes the spread of humanity after the flood, as seen in Genesis 9:1, where God commands Noah's sons to fill the earth.
Are the sons of Gomer mentioned elsewhere in the Bible?
Yes, the sons of Gomer, particularly Ashkenaz and Togarmah, are mentioned in other parts of the Bible, such as in Ezekiel 38:6, which refers to the people of Gomer and Togarmah as part of a future coalition of nations.
Reflection Questions
- What can we learn about God's plan for humanity from the diversity of nations and languages described in Genesis 10?
- How does the listing of specific names and descendants in Genesis 10:3 reflect God's care and interest in individual people and families?
- In what ways can we see the effects of the flood and the subsequent spread of humanity in our world today?
- What does the mention of specific names like Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah teach us about the importance of family and lineage in the Bible?
Gill's Exposition on Genesis 10:3
And the sons of Gomer,.... Who was the first of the sons of Japheth, three of whose sons are mentioned, and they are as follow: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah; the first of these seated himself
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Genesis 10:3
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. Ashkenaz - or Ashchenaz.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
Ashkenaz, whose seed possessed Pontus and Bithynia, and the neighbouring parts, from whom they took the names of the lake and haven called Ascanius, and the sea called Axenus, or Euxinus. Riphath is called Diphath, ; the letters Daleth and Resh being oft interchanged, as we shall see in other instances. His posterity dwelled in or near Pontus and Bithynia, where Mela and Pliny and Solinus place the Riphaei, or Riphaces, and the Paphlagonians, who were anciently called Piphataei. Togarmah, whose posterity are joined with Gomer’ s; see , ; and were, as some think, the Phrygians and Galatians, and of them the Gauls and Germans; or, as others, the Armenians, and of them the Turks.
Trapp's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
Genesis 10:3 And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.Ver. 3. Ashkenaz.] Hinc Tuiscones , or Duitschmen, say the Jews; making Ashkenaz the father of the Germans, as Gomer of the Cimbrians or Danes, and Meshec of the Muscovites. But of these things there is little certainty. See Breerwood’ s Inquiries.
Ellicott's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
(3) Gomer has three main divisions:— 1. Ashkenaz, a region in the neighbourhood of Armenia (Jeremiah 51:27), whence, following the course of Japhethite migration, the race seems to have wandered into Germany. The derivations are all most uncertain; but the Jews call the Germans Ashkenazites, and are probably right.2. Riphath, in 1 Chronicles 1:6, is called Diphath (see Dodanim, below). Riphath is probably right, and the, inhabitants of the Riphæan Mountains (the Carpathians?) are the people meant. They were Celts. 3. Togarmah. Certainly Armenia.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
Verse 3. Ashkenaz] Probably gave his name to Sacagena, a very excellent province of Armenia. Pliny mentions a people called Ascanitici, who dwelt about the Tanais and the Palus Maeotis; and some suppose that from Ashkenaz the Euxine Sea derived its name, but others suppose that from him the Germans derived their origin. Riphath] Or Diphath, the founder of the Paphlagonians, which were anciently called Riphataei. Togarmah.] The Sauromates, or inhabitants of Turcomania. See the reasons in Calmet.
Cambridge Bible on Genesis 10:3
3. Ashkenaz] Mentioned in Jeremiah 51:27 along with Ararat; and now generally identified with the region of Armenia. It is worth noticing that the mediaeval Jews explained this name as denoting Germany. Thus the Ashkenazim are the German Jews. Riphath] In 1 Chronicles 1:6 the name appears as “Diphath.” The letters, R (ø) and D (ã), are very similar in Hebrew. Cf. “Dodanim” for “Rodanim,” Genesis 10:4. Josephus identified “Riphath” with the Paphlagonians. The name is now unknown. Togarmah] Mentioned also in Ezekiel 27:14, with Javan, Tubal and Meshech; and in Ezekiel 38:6, with Gomer, and generally identified with the western part of Armenia. Cf. 1 Chronicles 1:6.
Whedon's Commentary on Genesis 10:3
3. Sons of Gomer — Sub-families of the Gomeridae, or Cimmerians, Kimbri. Ashkenaz — Or Askenaz. Kenaz means family, family of the Asi, who lived in the north-west of Asia Minor, and from whom Asia derives its name.