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Ezekiel 31:3

Ezekiel 31:3 in Multiple Translations

Look at Assyria, a cedar in Lebanon, with beautiful branches that shaded the forest. It towered on high; its top was among the clouds.

¶ Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.

Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a forest-like shade, and of high stature; and its top was among the thick boughs.

See, a pine-tree with beautiful branches and thick growth, giving shade and very tall; and its top was among the clouds.

Look at Assyria. It was like a cedar in Lebanon, with its beautiful branches providing shade in the forest. It was so high that its top reached the clouds.

Beholde, Asshur was like a cedar in Lebanon with faire branches, and with thicke shadowing boughes, and shot vp very hye, and his toppe was among the thicke boughes.

Lo, Asshur, a cedar in Lebanon, Fair in branch, and shading bough, and high in stature, And between thickets hath its foliage been.

Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with beautiful branches, and with a forest-like shade, of high stature; and its top was among the thick boughs.

Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shady cover, and of a high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.

Behold, the Assyrian was like a cedar in Libanus, with fair branches, and full of leaves, of a high stature, and his top was elevated among the thick boughs.

You think that your country is as great as Assyria was: Assyria was previously like [MET] a tall cedar tree in Lebanon; it was as though it had big beautiful branches that provided shade for other trees in the forest. It was very tall; its top was above the leaves of the other trees.

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Berean Amplified Bible — Ezekiel 31:3

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Ezekiel 31:3 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB הִנֵּ֨ה אַשּׁ֜וּר אֶ֣רֶז בַּ/לְּבָנ֗וֹן יְפֵ֥ה עָנָ֛ף וְ/חֹ֥רֶשׁ מֵצַ֖ל וּ/גְבַ֣הּ קוֹמָ֑ה וּ/בֵ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים הָיְתָ֖ה צַמַּרְתּֽ/וֹ
הִנֵּ֨ה hinnêh H2009 behold Part
אַשּׁ֜וּר ʼAshshûwr H804 Asshur N-proper
אֶ֣רֶז ʼerez H730 cedar N-ms
בַּ/לְּבָנ֗וֹן Lᵉbânôwn H3844 Lebanon Prep | N-proper
יְפֵ֥ה yâpheh H3303 beautiful Adj
עָנָ֛ף ʻânâph H6057 branch N-ms
וְ/חֹ֥רֶשׁ chôresh H2793 wood Conj | N-ms
מֵצַ֖ל tsâlal H6751 to shade V-Hiphil
וּ/גְבַ֣הּ gâbâhh H1362 high Conj | Adj
קוֹמָ֑ה qôwmâh H6967 height N-fs
וּ/בֵ֣ין bêyn H996 between Conj | Prep
עֲבֹתִ֔ים ʻăbôth H5688 cord N-cp
הָיְתָ֖ה hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Perf-3fs
צַמַּרְתּֽ/וֹ tsammereth H6788 treetop N-fs | Suff
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Ezekiel 31:3

הִנֵּ֨ה hinnêh H2009 "behold" Part
This Hebrew word is an expression that means 'behold' or 'look', often used to draw attention to something. It appears in Genesis and Isaiah, and is translated as 'behold' or 'lo' in the KJV.
Definition: behold, lo, see, if
Usage: Occurs in 799 OT verses. KJV: behold, lo, see. See also: Genesis 1:29; Genesis 42:35; Deuteronomy 19:18.
אַשּׁ֜וּר ʼAshshûwr H804 "Asshur" N-proper
Asshur was the second son of Shem and the ancestor of the Assyrians, mentioned in Genesis 10:22. The name Asshur means 'a step'.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22; son of: Shem (H8035); brother of: Elam (H5867C), Arpachshad (H0775), Lud (H3865) and Aram (H0758) § Asshur or Assyria = "a step" 1) the second son of Shem, eponymous ancestor of the Assyrians 2) the people of Assyria 3) the nation, Assyria 4) the land, Assyria or Asshur
Usage: Occurs in 138 OT verses. KJV: Asshur, Assur, Assyria, Assyrians. See H838 (אָשֻׁר). See also: Genesis 2:14; Isaiah 7:20; Psalms 83:9.
אֶ֣רֶז ʼerez H730 "cedar" N-ms
A cedar tree, known for its strength and durability, like the cedar wood used to build Solomon's temple in 1 Kings 5-6. The cedar tree was highly valued in ancient times for its timber and wood.
Definition: 1) cedar 1a) cedar tree 1b) cedar timber, cedar wood (in building) 1c) cedar wood (in purifications)
Usage: Occurs in 69 OT verses. KJV: cedar (tree). See also: Leviticus 14:4; 1 Chronicles 22:4; Psalms 29:5.
בַּ/לְּבָנ֗וֹן Lᵉbânôwn H3844 "Lebanon" Prep | N-proper
Lebanon is a mountain range in Israel, named for its white snow or limestone peaks, often mentioned in Psalms and other books.
Definition: Combined with biq.ah (בִּקְעָה " Valley" H1237I) § Lebanon = "whiteness" a wooded mountain range on the northern border of Israel
Usage: Occurs in 64 OT verses. KJV: Lebanon. See also: Deuteronomy 1:7; Psalms 104:16; Psalms 29:5.
יְפֵ֥ה yâpheh H3303 "beautiful" Adj
Beautiful things in the Bible are described as fair, lovely, and pleasant, as seen in the Song of Solomon, which celebrates the beauty of love and relationships. The term is used to describe people, places, and things that bring joy and delight.
Definition: fair, beautiful, handsome
Usage: Occurs in 39 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] beautiful, beauty, comely, fair(-est, one), [phrase] goodly, pleasant, well. See also: Genesis 12:11; Proverbs 11:22; Psalms 48:3.
עָנָ֛ף ʻânâph H6057 "branch" N-ms
The word 'anaph' means a branch or bough, used to describe a part of a tree, and is similar to the Aramaic word for the same thing.
Definition: bough, branch Aramaic equivalent: a.naph (עֲנַף "bough" H6056)
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: bough, branch. See also: Leviticus 23:40; Ezekiel 17:23; Psalms 80:11.
וְ/חֹ֥רֶשׁ chôresh H2793 "wood" Conj | N-ms
This Hebrew word refers to a forest or wooded area, possibly providing materials for crafting. It appears in the Bible as a bough, forest, or shroud.
Definition: 1) wood, wooded height, forest, wooded area.
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: bough, forest, shroud, wood. See also: 1 Samuel 23:15; 1 Samuel 23:19; Isaiah 17:9.
מֵצַ֖ל tsâlal H6751 "to shade" V-Hiphil
In the Bible, this word means to shade or grow dark, often describing the onset of twilight or the shadow of an object. It is used to describe a range of situations.
Definition: 1) to be or become or grow dark 1a) (Qal) to become or grow dark 1b) (Hiphil) to shadow
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: begin to be dark, shadowing. See also: Nehemiah 13:19; Ezekiel 31:3.
וּ/גְבַ֣הּ gâbâhh H1362 "high" Conj | Adj
High means lofty or tall, like a mountain or a proud person, as described in Isaiah where God is high and exalted.
Definition: 1) high, proud 1a) high, lofty, tall 1b) exalted in station 1c) haughty, proud
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: high, proud. See also: Psalms 101:5; Ecclesiastes 7:8; Proverbs 16:5.
קוֹמָ֑ה qôwmâh H6967 "height" N-fs
Qomah refers to height or stature, describing how tall someone or something is, like the height of a person or a building in the book of Ezekiel.
Definition: 1) height 1a) height, stature 1b) height
Usage: Occurs in 43 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] along, height, high, stature, tall. See also: Genesis 6:15; 1 Kings 7:23; Isaiah 10:33.
וּ/בֵ֣ין bêyn H996 "between" Conj | Prep
Between is the meaning of this preposition, used to show a location or a choice, like either or, as seen in Exodus where it describes the space between two objects.
Definition: : between between, among, in the midst of (with other preps), from between
Usage: Occurs in 248 OT verses. KJV: among, asunder, at, between (-twixt...and), [phrase] from (the widest), [idiom] in, out of, whether (it be...or), within. See also: Genesis 1:4; Joshua 24:7; Psalms 68:14.
עֲבֹתִ֔ים ʻăbôth H5688 "cord" N-cp
A cord or rope, often made from intertwined threads. In the Bible, it can also describe a wreath or chain, like the ones used in Ezekiel 7:23.
Definition: 1) cord, rope, cordage, foliage, interwoven foliage 1a) cord, rope, cordage, chain 1b) interwoven foliage
Usage: Occurs in 23 OT verses. KJV: band, cord, rope, thick bough (branch), wreathen (chain). See also: Exodus 28:14; Job 39:10; Psalms 2:3.
הָיְתָ֖ה hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Perf-3fs
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
צַמַּרְתּֽ/וֹ tsammereth H6788 "treetop" N-fs | Suff
This Hebrew word describes the top of a tree, like the highest branch where leaves and fruit grow, and is used to picture lush foliage.
Definition: treetop
Usage: Occurs in 5 OT verses. KJV: highest branch, top. See also: Ezekiel 17:3; Ezekiel 31:3; Ezekiel 31:14.

Study Notes — Ezekiel 31:3

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Isaiah 10:33–34 Behold, the Lord GOD of Hosts will lop off the branches with terrifying power. The tall trees will be cut down, the lofty ones will be felled. He will clear the forest thickets with an axe, and Lebanon will fall before the Mighty One.
2 Daniel 4:10 In these visions of my mind as I was lying in bed, I saw this come to pass: There was a tree in the midst of the land, and its height was great.
3 Daniel 4:20–23 The tree you saw that grew large and strong, whose top reached the sky and was visible to all the earth, whose foliage was beautiful and whose fruit was abundant, providing food for all, under which the beasts of the field lived, and in whose branches the birds of the air nested— you, O king, are that tree! For you have become great and strong; your greatness has grown to reach the sky, and your dominion extends to the ends of the earth. And you, O king, saw a watcher, a holy one, coming down from heaven and saying: ‘Cut down the tree and destroy it, but leave the stump with its roots in the ground, and a band of iron and bronze around it, in the tender grass of the field. Let him be drenched with the dew of heaven, and graze with the beasts of the field till seven times pass him by.’
4 Judges 9:15 But the thornbush replied, ‘If you really are anointing me as king over you, come and find refuge in my shade. But if not, may fire come out of the thornbush and consume the cedars of Lebanon.’
5 Ezekiel 17:3–4 and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘A great eagle with great wings and long pinions, full of feathers of many colors, came to Lebanon and took away the top of the cedar. He plucked off its topmost shoot, carried it to the land of merchants, and planted it in a city of traders.
6 Ezekiel 17:22 This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I will take a shoot from the lofty top of the cedar, and I will set it out. I will pluck a tender sprig from its topmost shoots, and I will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.
7 Zephaniah 2:13 And He will stretch out His hand against the north and destroy Assyria; He will make Nineveh a desolation, as dry as a desert.
8 Daniel 4:12 Its leaves were beautiful, its fruit was abundant, and upon it was food for all. Under it the beasts of the field found shelter, in its branches the birds of the air nested, and from it every creature was fed.
9 Isaiah 37:24 Through your servants you have taunted the Lord, and you have said: “With my many chariots I have ascended to the heights of the mountains, to the remote peaks of Lebanon. I have cut down its tallest cedars, the finest of its cypresses. I have reached its farthest heights, the densest of its forests.
10 Nahum 3:1–19 Woe to the city of blood, full of lies, full of plunder, never without prey. The crack of the whip, the rumble of the wheel, galloping horse and bounding chariot! Charging horseman, flashing sword, shining spear; heaps of slain, mounds of corpses, dead bodies without end— they stumble over their dead— because of the many harlotries of the harlot, the seductive mistress of sorcery, who betrays nations by her prostitution and clans by her witchcraft. “Behold, I am against you,” declares the LORD of Hosts. “I will lift your skirts over your face. I will show your nakedness to the nations and your shame to the kingdoms. I will pelt you with filth and treat you with contempt; I will make a spectacle of you. Then all who see you will recoil from you and say, ‘Nineveh is devastated; who will grieve for her?’ Where can I find comforters for you?” Are you better than Thebes, stationed by the Nile with water around her, whose rampart was the sea, whose wall was the water? Cush and Egypt were her boundless strength; Put and Libya were her allies. Yet she became an exile; she went into captivity. Her infants were dashed to pieces at the head of every street. They cast lots for her dignitaries, and all her nobles were bound in chains. You too will become drunk; you will go into hiding and seek refuge from the enemy. All your fortresses are fig trees with the first ripe figs; when shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater! Look at your troops— they are like your women! The gates of your land are wide open to your enemies; fire consumes their bars. Draw your water for the siege; strengthen your fortresses. Work the clay and tread the mortar; repair the brick kiln! There the fire will devour you; the sword will cut you down and consume you like a young locust. Make yourself many like the young locust; make yourself many like the swarming locust! You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars of the sky. The young locust strips the land and flies away. Your guards are like the swarming locust, and your scribes like clouds of locusts that settle on the walls on a cold day. When the sun rises, they fly away, and no one knows where. O king of Assyria, your shepherds slumber; your officers sleep. Your people are scattered on the mountains with no one to gather them. There is no healing for your injury; your wound is severe. All who hear the news of you applaud your downfall, for who has not experienced your constant cruelty?

Ezekiel 31:3 Summary

[Ezekiel 31:3 describes Assyria as a majestic cedar tree, symbolizing its power and beauty. However, this verse also hints at the dangers of pride and self-exaltation, as seen in Proverbs 16:18. Just like the cedar tree, we can become proud of our accomplishments and forget our dependence on God. As we reflect on this verse, let's remember to stay humble and trust in God's sovereignty, as seen in Psalm 37:3-7 and Romans 11:36.]

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the cedar tree in Lebanon in Ezekiel 31:3?

The cedar tree in Lebanon represents a powerful and majestic nation, in this case, Assyria, which was known for its strength and beauty, much like the cedar tree was renowned for its grandeur, as seen in Psalm 92:12 and Isaiah 2:13.

How does the description of Assyria as a cedar tree relate to its spiritual condition?

The description of Assyria as a cedar tree that 'towered on high' and had its 'top among the clouds' suggests a sense of pride and self-exaltation, which is a spiritual condition that the Bible warns against, as seen in Proverbs 16:18 and 1 Peter 5:6.

What can we learn from the comparison between Assyria and Pharaoh's Egypt in Ezekiel 31:2-3?

The comparison between Assyria and Pharaoh's Egypt highlights the fleeting nature of human power and greatness, as both nations were known for their strength and majesty, but were also subject to God's judgment, as seen in Isaiah 10:5-19 and Ezekiel 32:1-16.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Ezekiel?

This verse is part of a larger prophecy against Egypt and other nations, emphasizing God's sovereignty and judgment over all nations, as seen in Ezekiel 25-32, and serves as a reminder of the importance of humility and trust in God, as seen in Ezekiel 28:24-26 and Psalm 37:3-7.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some areas in my life where I may be 'towering on high' and needing to humble myself before God?
  2. How can I apply the lesson of Assyria's pride and fall to my own life and relationships?
  3. What are some ways that I can cultivate a sense of humility and dependence on God, rather than relying on my own strength and abilities?
  4. How can I use my own 'beauty' and 'strength' to serve and bless others, rather than simply to elevate myself?

Gill's Exposition on Ezekiel 31:3

Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon,.... Here grew the tallest, most stately, broad and flourishing ones.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Ezekiel 31:3

Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs. Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ezekiel 31:3

The Assyrian kingdom and its kings were the greatest the world ever knew before thee, they had longest time of growth, through 1340 or 1360 years, from Belus who was Nimrod, or Belus Assyrius, to Sardanapalus, from 1719 or 1717, or 1718, to 3059, of the world. And they had as fair advantages, as reaching a foresight, and as unwearied diligence to advance the kingdom; yet I bought it down. A cedar; like a cedar; kings and kingdoms oft compared to trees, both in profane and sacred emblems; or like the most goodly cedar for strength and beauty. In Lebanon; a great mountainous tract from east to west, one hundred and twenty five miles in length, encloseth Canaan on the north. With fair branches, which are the beauty, greatness, strength of the tree; so had this mighty kingdom fair provinces, as branches springing from it. With a shadowing shroud: what we render shadowing in the Hebrew may signify either silent and quiet, or framing and modelling, intimating that this kingdom, like a shady tree, gave shelter to the weak, as if framed artificially to this, and it was a silent quiet repose its subjects had; as weak creatures find shelter in a mighty wood, so these. Of an high stature: this kingdom grew to great height, while its branches were so beneficial. Among the thick boughs, or clouds; for so the word will without violence bear, clouds being called so from their thickness; however, the head among the thick boughs speaks the magnificence and greatness of this king, compassed about with tributary kings and princes and mighty men.

Trapp's Commentary on Ezekiel 31:3

Ezekiel 31:3 Behold, the Assyrian [was] a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.Ver. 3. Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar.] See Ezekiel 17:3; Ezekiel 17:22-23 Daniel 4:10-11. The cedar is a very tall, fair, shady, leafy, and lively tree. Such was Esarhaddon, King of Assyria, once a most potent monarch, now not the master of a mole hill. Now, therefore (by an argument from the greater to the less), if he so fell through his pride, shalt not thou much more?

Ellicott's Commentary on Ezekiel 31:3

(3) A cedar in Lebanon.—Lebanon is mentioned only because it was the place where the most famous cedars grew in their greatest perfection. Assyria did, indeed, at one time possess Lebanon, but this was never its home or seat of empire. The word “shroud” in the description refers to the thickness of the shade of the branches. Among the thick boughs.—Rather, among the clouds. (See Note on Ezekiel 19:11 .Comp. also Ezekiel 31:10; Ezekiel 31:14.)

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Ezekiel 31:3

Verse 3. Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar] Why is the Assyrian introduced here, when the whole chapter concerns Egypt? Bp. Lowth has shown that אשור ארז ashshur erez should be translated the tall cedar, the very stately cedar; hence there is reference to his lofty top; and all the following description belongs to Egypt, not to Assyria. But see on Ezekiel 31:11.

Cambridge Bible on Ezekiel 31:3

3. the Assyrian was a cedar] It is evident that the Assyrian has nothing to do here; any comparison of Egypt to Assyria is without motive. Besides Ezekiel 31:3 is repeated in Ezekiel 31:10, and spoken of Egypt (cf. Ezekiel 31:18). The word “asshur” here is the name of a tree, either the same as teasshur (ch. Ezekiel 27:6), or this form should be read. Render: Behold a stately cedar in Lebanon (lit. a teasshur of a cedar); or, behold a sherbin, a cedar in Lebanon—the more general “cedar” being added after the species. a shadowing shrowd] The “shroud,” usually “forest,” must refer to the closely interwoven branches, hardly to the underwood. The phrase is wanting in LXX. the thick boughs] The clouds, so Ezekiel 31:10; Ezekiel 31:14; cf. Ezekiel 19:11.

Barnes' Notes on Ezekiel 31:3

Fifth prophecy against Egypt: a warning to Pharaoh from the fate of the Assyrians.

Whedon's Commentary on Ezekiel 31:3

3. The Assyrian — The Hebrew text and all versions read as A.V.; in which case Egypt would be compared to Assyria, a country as great as itself yet now crushed by Nebuchadnezzar.

Sermons on Ezekiel 31:3

SermonDescription
Arno Clemens Gaebelein Nebuchadnezzar's Dream Vision. His Insanity and Restoration by Arno Clemens Gaebelein Arno Clemens Gaebelein preaches on the story of King Nebuchadnezzar's pride, fall, and restoration as a warning against self-exaltation and the consequences of turning away from Go
Chuck Smith (Through the Bible) Isaiah 11-15 by Chuck Smith In this sermon, the preacher discusses various biblical passages and themes. He emphasizes the power and authority of God, who has the ability to destroy cities and open prison doo
Zac Poonen From Babylon to Jerusalem - (Daniel) ch.4:1-5:31 by Zac Poonen In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the story of Nebuchadnezzar and his encounter with God. Nebuchadnezzar had a vision of a great tree that provided shade and food for all liv
John Gifford Bellett The Parable of the Cedar and the Two Eagles by John Gifford Bellett John Gifford Bellett preaches on the importance of discipline in preserving us for future blessings, emphasizing that it does not exalt us in this present world. Using the parable
David Wilkerson A Prophecy - Wall of Fire by David Wilkerson David Wilkerson shares a prophetic vision of a 'Wall of Fire' that God will create to protect His people amidst the moral decay and increasing evil in society. He reflects on the d
Horatius Bonar Nineveh and Her Testimony by Horatius Bonar Horatius Bonar emphasizes the significance of Nineveh's repentance as a powerful testimony to the present generation, contrasting it with the indifference of contemporary society.
Arno Clemens Gaebelein New Discoveries by Arno Clemens Gaebelein Arno Clemens Gaebelein preaches about the discovery of new records found, such as the achievements of Sennacherib and the ancient civilization of Ethiopia, which confirm certain pa

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