Ezekiel 27:13
Ezekiel 27:13 in Multiple Translations
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your traders; they gave living men and brass vessels for your goods.
Greece, Tubal, and Meshech traded with you. They bought your goods, paying with slaves and objects made of bronze.
They of Iauan, Tubal and Meshech were thy marchants, concerning the liues of men, and they brought vessels of brasse for thy marchadise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech — they [are] thy merchants, For persons of men, and vessels of brass, They have given out thy merchandise.
“‘“Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your traders. They traded the persons of men and vessels of bronze for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded in the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.
Greece, Thubal, and Mosoch, they were thy merchants: they brought to thy people slaves and vessels of brass.
Merchants from Greece, Tubal, and Meshech brought slaves and things made from bronze to trade for things that you had.
Berean Amplified Bible — Ezekiel 27:13
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Ezekiel 27:13 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
יָוָ֤ן
תֻּבַל֙
וָ/מֶ֔שֶׁךְ
הֵ֖מָּה
רֹֽכְלָ֑יִ/ךְ
בְּ/נֶ֤פֶשׁ
אָדָם֙
וּ/כְלֵ֣י
נְחֹ֔שֶׁת
נָתְנ֖וּ
מַעֲרָבֵֽ/ךְ
יָוָ֤ן
Yâvân
H3120
Greece
N-proper
תֻּבַל֙
Tûwbal
H8422
Tubal
N-proper
וָ/מֶ֔שֶׁךְ
Meshek
H4902
Meshech
Conj | N-proper
הֵ֖מָּה
hêm
H1992
they(masc.)
Pron
רֹֽכְלָ֑יִ/ךְ
râkal
H7402
to trade
V-Qal | Suff
בְּ/נֶ֤פֶשׁ
nephesh
H5315
soul
Prep | N-cs
אָדָם֙
ʼâdâm
H120
the man (Adam)
N-ms
וּ/כְלֵ֣י
kᵉlîy
H3627
article/utensil
Conj | N-mp
נְחֹ֔שֶׁת
nᵉchôsheth
H5178
bronze
N-fs
נָתְנ֖וּ
nâthan
H5414
to give
V-Qal-Perf-3cp
מַעֲרָבֵֽ/ךְ
maʻărâb
H4627
merchandise
N-ms | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Ezekiel 27:13
יָוָ֤ן
Yâvân
H3120
"Greece"
N-proper
Refers to Greece or the Greeks, descended from Javan, a son of Joktan. This term is used to describe the country and its people, as seen in the KJV translation of Javan.
Definition: § Javan = "Ionia" or "Greece" 1) Greece, Ionia, Ionians 2) location of descendants of Javan
Usage: Occurs in 11 OT verses. KJV: Javan. See also: Genesis 10:2; Ezekiel 27:13; Isaiah 66:19.
תֻּבַל֙
Tûwbal
H8422
"Tubal"
N-proper
Tubal refers to a region in Asia Minor, similar to Cappadocia. It is named after a postdiluvian patriarch and his descendants. The area is mentioned in the book of Genesis.
Definition: § Tubal = "thou shall be brought" a region in east Asia Minor perhaps nearly equal to Cappadocia
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: Tubal. See also: Genesis 10:2; Ezekiel 32:26; Isaiah 66:19.
וָ/מֶ֔שֶׁךְ
Meshek
H4902
"Meshech"
Conj | N-proper
Meshech was a son of Japheth and the ancestor of a people group, first mentioned in Genesis 10:23. They lived in the north of Israel and are often referenced in the Bible. Meshech means drawing out.
Definition: A man of the Syrians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.23; son of: Aram (H0758); brother of: Uz (H5780), Hul (H2343) and Gether (H1666); also called Meshech at 1Ch.1.17; Another name of mash (מַשׁ "Mash" H4851) § Mesech or Meshech = "drawing out" 1) son of Japheth, grandson of Noah, and progenitor of peoples to the north of Israel 1a) descendants of Mesech often mentioned in connection with Tubal, Magog, and other northern nations including the Moschi, a people on the borders of Colchis and Armenia
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: Mesech, Meshech. See also: Genesis 10:2; Ezekiel 27:13; Psalms 120:5.
הֵ֖מָּה
hêm
H1992
"they(masc.)"
Pron
This Hebrew word is used to refer to a group of men, emphasizing that it is specifically them. It is often translated as 'they' or 'them' in the Bible, and appears in books like Exodus and Isaiah.
Definition: they, these, the same, who
Usage: Occurs in 524 OT verses. KJV: it, like, [idiom] (how, so) many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, [idiom] so, [idiom] such, their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye. See also: Genesis 3:7; Deuteronomy 19:17; 2 Kings 1:18.
רֹֽכְלָ֑יִ/ךְ
râkal
H7402
"to trade"
V-Qal | Suff
To trade means to travel for business, exchanging goods or services. In the Bible, it describes a merchant or trader who goes about selling spices or other commodities. The KJV translates it as merchant.
Definition: 1) to go about (meaning uncertain) 1a) (Qal) trafficker, trader (participle) (subst)
Usage: Occurs in 15 OT verses. KJV: (spice) merchant. See also: 1 Kings 10:15; Ezekiel 27:13; Nahum 3:16.
בְּ/נֶ֤פֶשׁ
nephesh
H5315
"soul"
Prep | N-cs
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Definition: 1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion 1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man 1b) living being 1c) living being (with life in the blood) 1d) the man himself, self, person or individual 1e) seat of the appetites 1f) seat of emotions and passions 1g) activity of mind 1g1) uncertain 1h) activity of the will 1h1) uncertain 1i) activity of the character 1i1) uncertain
Usage: Occurs in 683 OT verses. KJV: any, appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, [idiom] dead(-ly), desire, [idiom] (dis-) contented, [idiom] fish, ghost, [phrase] greedy, he, heart(-y), (hath, [idiom] jeopardy of) life ([idiom] in jeopardy), lust, man, me, mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-, thy-) self, them (your) -selves, [phrase] slay, soul, [phrase] tablet, they, thing, ([idiom] she) will, [idiom] would have it. See also: Genesis 1:20; Leviticus 26:43; Judges 18:25.
אָדָם֙
ʼâdâm
H120
"the man (Adam)"
N-ms
Adam was the first human, created by God and mentioned in Genesis 2:19, who married Eve and had sons including Cain, Abel, and Seth.
Definition: The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19; married to Eve (H2332); father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33; Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121) man, human being
Usage: Occurs in 526 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] another, [phrase] hypocrite, [phrase] common sort, [idiom] low, man (mean, of low degree), person. See also: Genesis 1:26; Judges 18:7; Psalms 8:5.
וּ/כְלֵ֣י
kᵉlîy
H3627
"article/utensil"
Conj | N-mp
This Hebrew word refers to any object or tool, like a utensil or a piece of furniture. It is used to describe a wide range of items, from musical instruments to weapons. It emphasizes the object's purpose or function.
Definition: 1) article, vessel, implement, utensil 1a) article, object (general) 1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel 1b1) implement (of hunting or war) 1b2) implement (of music) 1b3) implement, tool (of labour) 1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen) 1b5) utensils, furniture 1c) vessel, receptacle (general) 1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
Usage: Occurs in 276 OT verses. KJV: armour(-bearer), artillery, bag, carriage, [phrase] furnish, furniture, instrument, jewel, that is made of, [idiom] one from another, that which pertaineth, pot, [phrase] psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool, vessel, ware, weapon, [phrase] whatsoever. See also: Genesis 24:53; 1 Samuel 14:13; Ezra 8:26.
נְחֹ֔שֶׁת
nᵉchôsheth
H5178
"bronze"
N-fs
This Hebrew word refers to copper or something made of it, like a coin or chain. It can also symbolize something base or impure, as in lust or filthiness. It appears in various KJV translations, including brasen and brass.
Definition: 1) copper, bronze 1a) copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy) 1b) fetters (of copper or bronze) 1c) copper (as value)
Usage: Occurs in 119 OT verses. KJV: brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass), filthiness, steel. See also: Genesis 4:22; 1 Kings 7:38; Psalms 107:16.
נָתְנ֖וּ
nâthan
H5414
"to give"
V-Qal-Perf-3cp
This word means to give, put, or set something, with a wide range of applications. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, describing God's actions and human interactions. The word is used to convey giving, selling, or exchanging something.
Definition: : give/deliver/send/produce 1) to give, put, set 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend 1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate 1a3) to make, constitute 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned 1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted 1c) (Hophal) 1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up 1c2) to be put upon
Usage: Occurs in 1816 OT verses. KJV: add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield. See also: Genesis 1:17; Genesis 40:21; Exodus 30:12.
מַעֲרָבֵֽ/ךְ
maʻărâb
H4627
"merchandise"
N-ms | Suff
Merchandise is the exchange of goods or trade, like buying and selling. In the Bible, it is mentioned in the book of Ezekiel as a major part of commerce. The KJV translation uses the term market to describe it.
Definition: merchandise, articles of exchange
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: market, merchandise. See also: Ezekiel 27:9; Ezekiel 27:25; Ezekiel 27:34.
Study Notes — Ezekiel 27:13
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Ezekiel 27:13 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Ezekiel 27:13
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Ezekiel 27:13
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
- Trapp's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
- Ellicott's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
- Cambridge Bible on Ezekiel 27:13
- Whedon's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
- Sermons on Ezekiel 27:13
Context — A Lament for Tyre
11Men of Arvad and Helech manned your walls all around, and the men of Gammad were in your towers. They hung their shields around your walls; they perfected your beauty.
12Tarshish was your merchant because of your great wealth of goods; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your wares.
13Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your merchandise.
14The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares. 15The men of Dedan were your clients; many coastlands were your market; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 10:2 | The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. |
| 2 | Isaiah 66:19 | I will establish a sign among them, and I will send survivors from among them to the nations—to Tarshish, Put, and the archers of Lud; to Tubal, Javan, and the islands far away who have not heard of My fame or seen My glory. So they will proclaim My glory among the nations. |
| 3 | Ezekiel 39:1 | “As for you, O son of man, prophesy against Gog and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, O Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. |
| 4 | Revelation 18:13 | of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and chariots; of slaves and souls of men. |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 1:5 | The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. |
| 6 | Joel 3:3 | They cast lots for My people; they bartered a boy for a prostitute and sold a girl for wine to drink. |
| 7 | Ezekiel 32:26 | Meshech and Tubal are there with all their multitudes, with their graves all around them. All of them are uncircumcised, slain by the sword, because they spread their terror in the land of the living. |
| 8 | Daniel 8:21 | The shaggy goat represents the king of Greece, and the large horn between his eyes is the first king. |
| 9 | Ezekiel 38:2–3 | “Son of man, set your face against Gog of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. Prophesy against him and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, O Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. |
| 10 | Genesis 10:4 | And the sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittites, and the Rodanites. |
Ezekiel 27:13 Summary
This verse describes the trade relationships between the city of Tyre and other nations, including Javan, Tubal, and Meshech. They traded goods such as slaves and bronze utensils, which were valuable items in ancient times, as seen in 1 Kings 10:21-22. This verse reminds us of the importance of treating all people with dignity and respect, as taught in Genesis 1:27 and Matthew 25:40. As we reflect on this verse, we can consider how our own actions and choices might impact others, and strive to live in a way that honors God and promotes justice, as taught in Micah 6:8 and Proverbs 11:1.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the term 'Javan' refer to in Ezekiel 27:13?
The term 'Javan' is believed to refer to the Greeks, as mentioned in other parts of the Bible, such as Genesis 10:2-5 and Isaiah 66:19. In Ezekiel 27:13, Javan is listed as one of the merchants who traded with Tyre.
What kind of 'slaves' are being referred to in this verse?
The 'slaves' mentioned in Ezekiel 27:13 likely refer to people who were captured and sold into bondage, a practice that was common in ancient times, as seen in Exodus 21:16 and 1 Timothy 1:9-10.
What is the significance of 'bronze utensils' in this trade?
The 'bronze utensils' mentioned in Ezekiel 27:13 were likely valuable items that were used for various purposes, such as cooking or craftsmanship, and were considered important enough to be traded for other goods, much like the valuable items traded in 1 Kings 10:21-22.
How does this verse relate to the rest of the chapter?
Ezekiel 27:13 is part of a larger description of Tyre's extensive trade network, as seen in Ezekiel 27:12 and 27:14, which highlights the city's wealth and influence in the ancient world, much like the descriptions of Solomon's wealth in 1 Kings 10:1-29.
Reflection Questions
- What can we learn from the trade practices of Tyre, as described in this verse, about the importance of fair and just business dealings, as taught in Proverbs 11:1 and Micah 6:8?
- How does the mention of slaves in this verse challenge our understanding of the value and dignity of human life, as taught in Genesis 1:27 and Psalm 139:13-14?
- In what ways can we apply the principles of trade and commerce, as seen in this verse, to our own lives and relationships, considering the teachings of Matthew 25:14-30 and Luke 12:13-21?
- What does this verse reveal about the character of God, who is concerned with the welfare and justice of all nations, as seen in Isaiah 42:1-4 and Amos 1:3-2:8?
Gill's Exposition on Ezekiel 27:13
Ver. 13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they [were] thy merchants,.... Javan designs Greece, as the Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions render it; especially that part of it called Ionia, from Javan the
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Ezekiel 27:13
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
Javan; the Grecians, particularly the Ionians. Tubal; the Asiatic Iberians, &c.; the Albanians toward the Caspian Sea. Meshech; the Cappadocians, with the Moschi, who dwelt about Cholcis, the country now called Mingrelia. Traded the persons of men; brought men to sell for slaves, so the Greeks did; the (Mancipia Ionica) Ionian slaves were known and valued in the East, especially the handsome girls to wait on great ladies. The too great desire hereof in Atossa, Darius’ s queen, is said to be the chief cause of his war on Greece. And as to the other, beside their senile inclinations, they were so barbarous and inhuman, and had opportunities to seize men, women, and children to sell them, that no doubt the market of Tyre was full of them. Brass; of which metal there was great store, they say, in Cappadocia and Iberia, which they brought with them.
Trapp's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
Ezekiel 27:13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they [were] thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.Ver. 13. Javan, Tubal, and Meshech,] i.e., Grecians, Spaniards, and Muscovites or Cappadocians, who were naturally of a servile disposition: they were anciently called Meschines, saith Josephus, of Meshech, the son of Japhet. They traded the persons of men,] i.e., They bought and sold slaves, as now they do in Turkey. Lib. i. cap. 6.
Ellicott's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
(13) Javan, Tubal, and Meshech.—Javan is strictly Ionia, more generally Greece. Tubal and Meshech are the classic Tibareni and Moschi, between the Black and Caspian Seas. They were famous for dealing in slaves and in brass, or rather copper, of which their mountains still contain abundant supplies.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
Verse 13. Javan, Tubal, and Meshech] The Ionians, the Tybarenians, and the Cappadocians, or Muscovites. They traded the persons of men] That is, they trafficked in slaves. The bodies and souls of men were bought and sold in those days, as in our degenerate age. With these also they traded in brazen vessels.
Cambridge Bible on Ezekiel 27:13
13. These three countries, Javan, Tubal and Meshech are usually named together, Genesis 10:2; Ezekiel 32:26; Ezekiel 38:2; Ezekiel 39:1; Isaiah 66:19. The first is the Ionians, the Greeks of Asia Minor, and the two last have usually been identified with the Moschi and Tibareni, lying to the S. and S.E. of the Black Sea. Copper and “souls of men” i.e. slaves, form the contribution of these countries. That Javan traded in slaves appears from Joel 4:6; cf. Amos 1:6; Amos 1:9. they traded … in thy market] they brought as thy wares souls of men, &c. The nations are the servants of Tyre, and what they bring is her wares.
Whedon's Commentary on Ezekiel 27:13
13. Javan, Tubal, and Meshech — Javan, brother of Tarshish (Genesis 10:2), is the well-known name for Ionian or Greek.
Sermons on Ezekiel 27:13
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
Middle-Eastern Alliance by Keith Malcomson | Keith Malcomson delves into the prophecy of Ezekiel 38, identifying nations forming a military alliance under Gog's leadership. The sermon explores the debated identities of nation |
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The Beginnings of the Nations by John F. Walvoord | John F. Walvoord preaches about the genealogies of the nations from the descendants of Noah's sons - Shem, Ham, and Japheth. The sermon explores the beginnings of creation, the cre |
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On the Lord's Announcement of Gentile Judgments. by William Kelly | William Kelly delves into the prophecies regarding the Second Coming and Kingdom of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, referencing Luke 21:25-27, Matthew 24:37-41, and Matthew 25:31 |
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Israel in Flight by Art Katz | In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of God's people reaching out to the Jewish people during a time of trouble and affliction. He warns that if the Jews are not t |
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On Evangelism in "Apocalyptic Evangelism" by Reggie Kelly | Reggie Kelly emphasizes the importance of presenting the gospel as the revelation of a mystery foretold in the prophets but hidden until its appointed time of manifestation. The ap |
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Ezekiel 36:36 by Chuck Smith | Chuck Smith discusses the prophetic significance of Ezekiel 36:36, emphasizing the re-gathering of Israel as a nation and the restoration of its land after centuries of desolation. |
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Contract on Children - Part 1 by Winkie Pratney | This sermon delves into the concept of childhood and the importance of childlike characteristics in Christians, contrasting them with the negative traits prevalent in society. It e |