2 Samuel 23:11
2 Samuel 23:11 in Multiple Translations
And after him was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines had banded together near a field full of lentils, Israel’s troops fled from them.
And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.
And after him was Shammah the son of Agee a Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.
After him was Shammah, the son of Ela the Hararite. And the Philistines came together in Lehi, where there was a bit of land full of seed; and the people went in flight from the Philistines.
After him came Shammah, son of Agee, the Hararite. When the Philistines gathered at Lehi, in a field full of lentils, the Israelite army ran away from them,
After him was Shammah the sonne of Age the Hararite: for the Philistims assembled at a towne, where was a piece of a fielde full of lentils, and the people fled from the Philistims.
And after him [is] Shammah son of Agee the Hararite, and the Philistines are gathered into a company, and there is there a portion of the field full of lentiles, and the people hath fled from the presence of the Philistines,
After him was Shammah the son of Agee a Hararite. The Philistines had gathered together into a troop where there was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.
And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were collected into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentils: and the people fled from the Philistines.
And after him was Semma the son of Age of Arari. And the Philistines were gathered together in a troop: for there was a field full of lentils. And when the people were fled from the face of the Philistines,
The third one of the greatest warriors was Shammah, the son of Agee from the clan/town of Harar. One time the Philistia soldiers gathered at Lehi town, where there was a field full of lentils/peas that they wanted to steal. The other Israeli soldiers ran away from the Philistia troops,
Berean Amplified Bible — 2 Samuel 23:11
BAB
Word Study
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Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
2 Samuel 23:11 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וְ/אַחֲרָ֛י/ו
שַׁמָּ֥א
בֶן
אָגֵ֖א
הָרָרִ֑י
וַ/יֵּאָסְפ֨וּ
פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים
לַ/חַיָּ֗ה
וַ/תְּהִי
שָׁ֞ם
חֶלְקַ֤ת
הַ/שָּׂדֶה֙
מְלֵאָ֣ה
עֲדָשִׁ֔ים
וְ/הָ/עָ֥ם
נָ֖ס
מִ/פְּנֵ֥י
פְלִשְׁתִּֽים
וְ/אַחֲרָ֛י/ו
ʼachar
H310
after
Conj | Prep | Suff
שַׁמָּ֥א
Shammâʼ
H8037
Shamma
N-proper
בֶן
bên
H1121
son
N-ms
אָגֵ֖א
ʼÂgêʼ
H89
Agee
N-proper
הָרָרִ֑י
Hărârîy
H2043
Hararite
Ngmsa
וַ/יֵּאָסְפ֨וּ
ʼâçaph
H622
to gather
Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3mp
פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים
Pᵉlishtîy
H6430
Philistines
Ngmpa
לַ/חַיָּ֗ה
chay
H2416
alive
Prep | N-fs
וַ/תְּהִי
hâyâh
H1961
to be
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs
שָׁ֞ם
shâm
H8033
there
Adv
חֶלְקַ֤ת
chelqâh
H2513
portion
N-fs
הַ/שָּׂדֶה֙
sâdeh
H7704
field
Art | N-ms
מְלֵאָ֣ה
mᵉlêʼâh
H4395
fruit
Adj
עֲדָשִׁ֔ים
ʻâdâsh
H5742
lentil
N-fp
וְ/הָ/עָ֥ם
ʻam
H5971
Amaw
Conj | Art | N-ms
נָ֖ס
nûwç
H5127
to flee
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
מִ/פְּנֵ֥י
pânîym
H6440
face
Prep | N-cp
פְלִשְׁתִּֽים
Pᵉlishtîy
H6430
Philistines
Ngmpa
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — 2 Samuel 23:11
וְ/אַחֲרָ֛י/ו
ʼachar
H310
"after"
Conj | Prep | Suff
Achar means backwards or after, used to describe something that happens later or in the rear. It is used in various senses in the Bible, including in 1 Kings 12:18.
Definition: 1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time) 1a) as an adverb 1a1) behind (of place) 1a2) afterwards (of time) 1b) as a preposition 1b1) behind, after (of place) 1b2) after (of time) 1b3) besides 1c) as a conjunction 1c) after that 1d) as a substantive 1d1) hinder part 1e) with other prepositions 1e1) from behind 1e2) from following after
Usage: Occurs in 664 OT verses. KJV: after (that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side), behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from, hereafter, hinder end, [phrase] out (over) live, [phrase] persecute, posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth), when, with. See also: Genesis 5:4; Exodus 18:2; Joshua 8:14.
שַׁמָּ֥א
Shammâʼ
H8037
"Shamma"
N-proper
Shamma was an Israelite from the tribe of Asher, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 7:37, and the son of Zophah. He had several brothers and is part of the genealogy of the tribe of Asher. Shamma's story is a small but significant part of biblical history.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Asher living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.7.37; son of: Zophah (H6690); brother of: Suah (H5477), Harnepher (H2774), Shual (H7777B), Beri (H1275), Imrah (H3236), Bezer (H1221H), Hod (H1936), Shilshah (H8030), Ithran (H3506H) and Beera (H0878) § Shamma = "desert" an Asherite, son of Zophar
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Shamma. See also: 2 Samuel 23:11; 1 Chronicles 7:37.
בֶן
bên
H1121
"son"
N-ms
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
אָגֵ֖א
ʼÂgêʼ
H89
"Agee"
N-proper
Agee was an Israelite who lived during the United Monarchy, and his son Shammah was a brave warrior in King David's army. The name Agee means 'I shall increase'.
Definition: A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Sa.23.11; father of: Shammah (H8037) § Agee = "I shall increase" father of a warrior of David
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Agee. See also: 2 Samuel 23:11.
הָרָרִ֑י
Hărârîy
H2043
"Hararite"
Ngmsa
A Hararite is someone who lives in the mountains or is descended from the people of Harar. In the Bible, several of David's heroes, including Agee and Shammah, were Hararites and known for their bravery.
Definition: Someone descended from Harar or Harod (cf. 2Sa.23.11, 25), first mentioned at 2Sa.23.11 § Hararite = "mountain dweller" adj 1) a resident in or descendant of Harar; perhaps only a mountain dweller 2) Agee, a Hararite, one of David's heroes 3) Shammah, the Hararite, one of David's heroes 4) Sharar, the Hararite, the father of Ahiam, one of David's heroes
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: Hararite. See also: 2 Samuel 23:11; 1 Chronicles 11:34; 1 Chronicles 11:35.
וַ/יֵּאָסְפ֨וּ
ʼâçaph
H622
"to gather"
Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3mp
To gather means to bring people or things together, often for a purpose like worship or community. It can also mean to take away or remove something, like gathering a harvest. This word appears in books like Genesis and Psalms.
Definition: 1) to gather, receive, remove, gather in 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to gather, collect 1a2) to gather (an individual into company of others) 1a3) to bring up the rear 1a4) to gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to assemble, be gathered 1b2) (pass of Qal 1a2) 1b2a) to be gathered to one's fathers 1b2b) to be brought in or into (association with others) 1b3) (pass of Qal 1a4) 1b3a) to be taken away, removed, perish 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to gather (harvest) 1c2) to take in, receive into 1c3) rearguard, rearward (subst) 1d) (Pual) to be gathered 1e) (Hithpael) to gather oneself or themselves
Usage: Occurs in 188 OT verses. KJV: assemble, bring, consume, destroy, felch, gather (in, together, up again), [idiom] generally, get (him), lose, put all together, receive, recover (another from leprosy), (be) rereward, [idiom] surely, take (away, into, up), [idiom] utterly, withdraw. See also: Genesis 6:21; 1 Chronicles 11:13; Psalms 26:9.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים
Pᵉlishtîy
H6430
"Philistines"
Ngmpa
A Philistine is a person from the region of Philistia, which was inhabited by immigrants from other places. The Philistines were known for their conflicts with the Israelites, as recorded in the Bible. They were a distinct ethnic group.
Definition: Philistine = "immigrants" an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan Another name of ga.dol (גָּדוֹל "Great( Sea)" H1419J)
Usage: Occurs in 244 OT verses. KJV: Philistine. See also: Genesis 10:14; 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Chronicles 10:1.
לַ/חַיָּ֗ה
chay
H2416
"alive"
Prep | N-fs
In the Bible, this word means life or being alive. It can refer to physical life, like in Genesis 1:20, or spiritual life, like in Psalm 30:5.
Definition: adj 1) living, alive 1a) green (of vegetation) 1b) flowing, fresh (of water) 1c) lively, active (of man) 1d) reviving (of the springtime) Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)
Usage: Occurs in 450 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop. See also: Genesis 1:20; Deuteronomy 4:9; 2 Kings 5:16.
וַ/תְּהִי
hâyâh
H1961
"to be"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
שָׁ֞ם
shâm
H8033
"there"
Adv
The Hebrew word sham means there or then, often used to describe a location or point in time. It can also mean thither or thence, indicating movement or direction. This word is used frequently in the Bible to provide context and clarify the setting of a story.
Definition: 1) there, thither 1a) there 1b) thither (after verbs of motion) 1c) from there, thence 1d) then (as an adverb of time) Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
Usage: Occurs in 732 OT verses. KJV: in it, [phrase] thence, there (-in, [phrase] of, [phrase] out), [phrase] thither, [phrase] whither. See also: Genesis 2:8; Exodus 21:33; Deuteronomy 19:4.
חֶלְקַ֤ת
chelqâh
H2513
"portion"
N-fs
This word refers to smoothness, but can also imply flattery or slippery behavior. In some cases, it describes a plot of land or a portion of ground. The Bible uses this word to warn against smooth talk and deceitful actions.
Definition: 1) portion, parcel 1a) of ground
Usage: Occurs in 25 OT verses. KJV: field, flattering(-ry), ground, parcel, part, piece of land (ground), plat, portion, slippery place, smooth (thing). See also: Genesis 27:16; 2 Kings 9:21; Psalms 12:3.
הַ/שָּׂדֶה֙
sâdeh
H7704
"field"
Art | N-ms
A field or land is what this word represents, often referring to a flat area of land used for cultivation or as a habitat for wild animals, as described in the book of Genesis. It can also mean a plain or a country, as opposed to a mountain or sea. This term is used in the story of Ruth and Boaz.
Definition: 1) field, land 1a) cultivated field 1b) of home of wild beasts 1c) plain (opposed to mountain) 1d) land (opposed to sea)
Usage: Occurs in 309 OT verses. KJV: country, field, ground, land, soil, [idiom] wild. See also: Genesis 2:5; Deuteronomy 28:38; Nehemiah 12:29.
מְלֵאָ֣ה
mᵉlêʼâh
H4395
"fruit"
Adj
It means a fruitful harvest or abundance, like the first ripe fruits in Deuteronomy 26:2, representing God's blessing and provision.
Definition: fulness, full produce
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: (first of ripe) fruit, fulness. See also: Exodus 22:28; Isaiah 1:21; Isaiah 22:2.
עֲדָשִׁ֔ים
ʻâdâsh
H5742
"lentil"
N-fp
This word refers to a type of legume, specifically a lentil, which is a common food in the Middle East. In the KJV, it is translated as 'lentile'.
Definition: lentil
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: lentile. See also: Genesis 25:34; 2 Samuel 23:11; Ezekiel 4:9.
וְ/הָ/עָ֥ם
ʻam
H5971
"Amaw"
Conj | Art | N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
נָ֖ס
nûwç
H5127
"to flee"
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
To flee means to quickly leave a place, like escaping from danger, as seen in the Bible when David fled from King Saul. It can also mean to disappear or vanish. In the book of Psalms, it describes God delivering his people from harm.
Definition: 1) to flee, escape 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to flee 1a2) to escape 1a3) to take flight, m depart, disappear 1a4) to fly (to the attack) on horseback 1b) (Polel) to drive at 1c) (Hithpolel) to take flight 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to put to flight 1d2) to drive hastily 1d3) to cause to disappear, hide Aramaic equivalent: nud (נוּד "to flee" H5111)
Usage: Occurs in 143 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] abate, away, be displayed, (make to) flee (away, -ing), put to flight, [idiom] hide, lift up a standard. See also: Genesis 14:10; 2 Samuel 17:2; Psalms 60:6.
מִ/פְּנֵ֥י
pânîym
H6440
"face"
Prep | N-cp
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Definition: : face 1) face 1a) face, faces 1b) presence, person 1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim) 1d) face (of animals) 1e) face, surface (of ground) 1f) as adv of loc/temp 1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before 1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
Usage: Occurs in 1891 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 43:31; Exodus 30:16.
פְלִשְׁתִּֽים
Pᵉlishtîy
H6430
"Philistines"
Ngmpa
A Philistine is a person from the region of Philistia, which was inhabited by immigrants from other places. The Philistines were known for their conflicts with the Israelites, as recorded in the Bible. They were a distinct ethnic group.
Definition: Philistine = "immigrants" an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan Another name of ga.dol (גָּדוֹל "Great( Sea)" H1419J)
Usage: Occurs in 244 OT verses. KJV: Philistine. See also: Genesis 10:14; 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Chronicles 10:1.
Study Notes — 2 Samuel 23:11
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- 2 Samuel 23:11 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on 2 Samuel 23:11
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 23:11
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
- Trapp's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
- Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
- Cambridge Bible on 2 Samuel 23:11
- Barnes' Notes on 2 Samuel 23:11
- Whedon's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
Context — David’s Mighty Men
9Next in command was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite. As one of the three mighty men, he went with David to taunt the Philistines who had gathered for battle at Pas-dammim. The men of Israel retreated,
10but Eleazar stood his ground and struck the Philistines until his hand grew weary and stuck to his sword. The LORD brought about a great victory that day. Then the troops returned to him, but only to plunder the dead.
11And after him was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines had banded together near a field full of lentils, Israel’s troops fled from them.
12But Shammah took his stand in the middle of the field, defended it, and struck down the Philistines. So the LORD brought about a great victory. 13At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 11:13–14 | He was with David at Pas-dammim when the Philistines gathered there for battle. At the place with a field full of barley, the troops fled from the Philistines. But Eleazar and David stationed themselves in the middle of the field and defended it. They struck down the Philistines, and the LORD brought about a great victory. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 11:27 | Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, |
| 3 | 2 Samuel 23:33 | son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite, |
2 Samuel 23:11 Summary
This verse tells us about a brave man named Shammah who stood up to the Philistines when they were attacking a field of lentils. Even though the Israelites were afraid and ran away, Shammah was courageous and defended the field, trusting in God's power. This reminds us that we can trust in God's presence and protection, just like David did in Psalm 23:4, and that we can be brave like Shammah when faced with challenging situations. By standing firm and trusting in God, we can experience victory and triumph over our enemies, just like Shammah did in 2 Samuel 23:12.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite and what was his significance?
Shammah was one of David's mighty men, known for his bravery in battle, as seen in 2 Samuel 23:11-12, where he defended a field of lentils against the Philistines, similar to the bravery of Eleazar in 2 Samuel 23:9-10.
Why did the Israelites flee from the Philistines in this verse?
The Bible does not give a specific reason, but it may be due to fear or intimidation, as seen in other battles where the Israelites were outnumbered or outmatched, such as in 1 Samuel 17:24, where the Israelites fled from Goliath.
What can we learn from the example of Shammah's bravery?
We can learn the importance of standing firm in the face of adversity, trusting in God's power and provision, as seen in 2 Samuel 23:12, where the LORD brought about a great victory, and in other verses such as Psalm 23:4, where David trusted in God's presence and protection.
How does this verse relate to the broader context of David's reign and the battles with the Philistines?
This verse is part of a larger narrative of David's mighty men and their bravery in battle, as seen in 2 Samuel 23:8-39, and highlights the ongoing conflict between the Israelites and the Philistines, as seen in 1 Samuel 17:1-58 and other passages.
Reflection Questions
- What are some areas in my life where I feel like I am being 'attacked' by the enemy, and how can I stand firm like Shammah?
- How can I trust in God's power and provision, like Shammah did, when faced with overwhelming circumstances?
- What are some 'fields of lentils' in my life that I need to defend, and how can I be brave like Shammah in those areas?
- How can I apply the lesson of Shammah's bravery to my own life, and what steps can I take to stand firm in the face of adversity?
Gill's Exposition on 2 Samuel 23:11
And after him [was] Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite,.... One who was of the mountainous country, as the Targum, the hill country of Judea, of Hebron, or the parts adjacent; this was the third of
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 23:11
And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were
Matthew Poole's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
Full of lentiles, or barley, as it is ; for both might very well grow in the same field, in divers parts of it. And this fact is ascribed to Eleazar, , but so as it is implied that he had some partner or partners in it: for it is there said, , They set themselves, &c. So Eleazar might stand and fight in that part where the barley was, and Shammah there where the lentiles were.
Trapp's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
2 Samuel 23:11 And after him [was] Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.Ver. 11. Into a troop.] Or, For foraging. And the people fled.] As 2 Samuel 23:9, for it seemeth that this exploit was achieved jointly by these two worthies at the same time.
Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
(11) Into a troop.—Josephus, using different vowels, read “to Lehi,” the scene of Samson’s exploit (Judges 15:9; Judges 15:19); but as the same word recurs in 2 Samuel 23:13, clearly in the sense of “troop,” the English reading should be retained. Lentiles.—Chronicles has “barley.” The two words might easily be confounded in the Hebrew, and it is quite immaterial which is correct; the point is that the Philistines had made a foray to gather the ripe crops, the Israelites were terrified and fled, while Shammah, by his courage and valour, turned the tide of battle, and won a great victory.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
Verse 11. A piece of ground full of lentiles] In 1 Chronicles 11:13 it is a parcel of ground full of barley. There is probably a mistake of עדשים adashim, lentiles, for שעורים seorim, barley, or vice versa. Some think there were both lentiles and barley in the field, and that a marauding party of the Philistines came to destroy or carry them off, and these worthies defeated the whole, and saved the produce of the field. This is not unlikely.
Cambridge Bible on 2 Samuel 23:11
11. into a troop] Probably the consonants should be read with different vowels to Lehi, the scene of Samson’s victory over the Philistines (Judges 15:9; Judges 15:14; Judges 15:19). lentiles] Chr. reads barley. The two words might easily be confused in Hebrew. The Philistines came up to carry off the ripe crops. Cp. 1 Samuel 23:1.
Barnes' Notes on 2 Samuel 23:11
Hararite - Interpreted to mean “mountaineer,” one from the hill country of Judah or Ephraim.
Whedon's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:11
11. Into a troop — That is, in a great crowd. Through the error of some copyist several lines are omitted in the parallel place in Chronicles, so that what is here ascribed to Shammah is there attributed to David and Eleazar.