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2 Samuel 23

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‹ Chapter 22 2 Samuel — All Chapters Chapter 24 ›

1 These are the last words of David: “The oracle of David son of Jesse, the oracle of the man raised on high, the one anointed by the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel: 2 The Spirit of the LORD spoke through me; His word was on my tongue. 3 The God of Israel spoke; the Rock of Israel said to me, ‘He who rules the people with justice, who rules in the fear of God, 4 is like the light of the morning at sunrise of a cloudless dawn, the glistening after the rain on the sprouting grass of the earth.’ 5 Is not my house right with God? For He has established with me an everlasting covenant, ordered and secured in every part. Will He not bring about my full salvation and my every desire? 6 But the worthless are all like thorns raked aside, for they can never be gathered by hand. 7 The man who touches them must be armed with iron or with the shaft of a spear. The fire burns them to ashes in the place where they lie." 8 These are the names of David’s mighty men: Josheb-basshebeth the Tahchemonite was chief of the Three. He wielded his spear against eight hundred men, whom he killed at one time. 9 Next in command was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite. As one of the three mighty men, he went with David to taunt the Philistines who had gathered for battle at Pas-dammim. The men of Israel retreated, 10 but Eleazar stood his ground and struck the Philistines until his hand grew weary and stuck to his sword. The LORD brought about a great victory that day. Then the troops returned to him, but only to plunder the dead. 11 And after him was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines had banded together near a field full of lentils, Israel’s troops fled from them. 12 But Shammah took his stand in the middle of the field, defended it, and struck down the Philistines. So the LORD brought about a great victory. 13 At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. 14 At that time David was in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was at Bethlehem. 15 David longed for water and said, “Oh, that someone would get me a drink of water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem!" 16 So the three mighty men broke through the Philistine camp, drew water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem, and brought it back to David. But he refused to drink it; instead, he poured it out to the LORD, 17 saying, “Far be it from me, O LORD, to do this! Is this not the blood of the men who risked their lives?” So he refused to drink it. Such were the exploits of the three mighty men. 18 Now Abishai, the brother of Joab and son of Zeruiah, was chief of the Three, and he lifted his spear against three hundred men, killed them, and won a name along with the Three. 19 Was he not more honored than the Three? And he became their commander, even though he was not included among the Three. 20 And Benaiah son of Jehoiada was a man of valor from Kabzeel, a man of many exploits. He struck down two champions of Moab, and on a snowy day he went down into a pit and killed a lion. 21 He also killed an Egyptian, a huge man. Although the Egyptian had a spear in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club, snatched the spear from his hand, and killed the Egyptian with his own spear. 22 These were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada, who won a name alongside the three mighty men. 23 He was most honored among the Thirty, but he did not become one of the Three. And David appointed him over his guard. 24 Now these were members of the Thirty: Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan son of Dodo of Bethlehem, 25 Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite, 26 Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, 27 Abiezer the Anathothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite, 28 Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite, 29 Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ittai son of Ribai from Gibeah of the Benjamites, 30 Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai from the brooks of Gaash, 31 Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite, 32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan 33 son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite, 34 Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maacathite, Eliam son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, 35 Hezro the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite, 36 Igal son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite, 37 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah, 38 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, 39 and Uriah the Hittite. There were thirty-seven in all.

‹ Chapter 22 2 Samuel — All Chapters Chapter 24 ›

Study Notes — 2 Samuel 23

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Chapter Summary

The chapter begins with David's last words, in which he declares that the Spirit of the Lord spoke through him and that his house and kingdom are established before God forever (2 Samuel 23:1-7). He then lists the names of his mighty men, including Adino, Eleazar, and Shammah, who performed great exploits in battle (2 Samuel 23:8-39). The chapter concludes with a record of the names of David's officials and the number of his mighty men.

Context for the Chapter

This chapter is part of the larger narrative of 2 Samuel, which records the reign of King David and the establishment of the kingdom of Israel. The chapter is also part of the larger biblical narrative, which highlights the sovereignty of God and the importance of trusting in Him. The chapter points forward to the coming of Jesus Christ, who will establish a kingdom that will last forever.

Heart Application

The chapter encourages readers to trust in God's sovereignty and to recognize the importance of justice and fairness in leadership. It also highlights the importance of dependence on God and the need to recognize that our authority and success are not based on our own strength or wisdom, but on God's power and guidance.

What Does This Chapter Mean?

This chapter records the last words of David, in which he praises God and recognizes His sovereignty. It also lists the names of David's mighty men, who were brave and loyal warriors. The chapter encourages readers to trust in God and to recognize the importance of justice and fairness in leadership, as seen in 2 Samuel 23:3-4.

Voices from the Church

“The Spirit of the Lord spoke through David, and it is the same Spirit that speaks through us today, guiding and empowering us to live for God's glory.”

— Charles Spurgeon

“The Rock of Israel is a symbol of God's sovereignty and stability, which are the foundation of our faith and the source of our comfort in times of trouble.”

— John Calvin

Outline for Preaching

  1. Introduction to David's Last Words (2 Samuel 23:1-7) — David declares that the Spirit of the Lord spoke through him and that his house and kingdom are established before God forever.
  2. The Names of David's Mighty Men (2 Samuel 23:8-12) — The chapter lists the names of David's mighty men, including Adino, Eleazar, and Shammah, who performed great exploits in battle.
  3. The Exploits of David's Mighty Men (2 Samuel 23:13-17) — The chapter records the brave deeds of David's mighty men, who fought against the Philistines and other enemies of Israel.
  4. The Names of David's Officials (2 Samuel 23:18-23) — The chapter lists the names of David's officials, including Joab, Abishai, and Benaiah, who were renowned for their bravery and loyalty.
  5. Conclusion (2 Samuel 23:24-39) — The chapter concludes with a record of the names of David's mighty men and the number of his officials.

Core Doctrines

The Sovereignty of God
The chapter emphasizes the sovereignty of God, who is the Rock of Israel and the one who establishes kings and kingdoms. This doctrine is central to the Bible and is evident in David's last words and the record of his mighty men.
The Importance of Leadership
The chapter highlights the importance of leadership and the qualities that are necessary for a just and effective ruler. David's mighty men are renowned for their bravery and loyalty, and David himself is recognized as a just ruler who fears God.
The Power of the Holy Spirit
The chapter recognizes the importance of the Holy Spirit, who guides and empowers leaders, including David and Jesus Christ. This doctrine is central to the Bible and is evident in David's last words.
The Importance of Dependence on God
The chapter encourages readers to recognize the importance of dependence on God, who is the source of our strength and wisdom. This doctrine is central to the Bible and is evident in David's last words and the record of his mighty men.

Lessons from 2 Samuel 23

  1. The Importance of Recognizing God's Sovereignty — The chapter encourages readers to recognize God's sovereignty and to trust in His power and wisdom.
  2. The Qualities of a Just Ruler — The chapter highlights the importance of justice, fairness, and bravery in leadership, as seen in David's mighty men.
  3. The Power of the Holy Spirit — The chapter recognizes the importance of the Holy Spirit, who guides and empowers leaders, including David and Jesus Christ.
  4. The Importance of Dependence on God — The chapter encourages readers to recognize the importance of dependence on God, who is the source of our strength and wisdom.
  5. The Lessons of History — The chapter encourages readers to learn from the exploits of David's mighty men and to apply the lessons of history to their own lives.

Themes from 2 Samuel 23

  1. The Sovereignty of God — The chapter emphasizes the sovereignty of God, who is the Rock of Israel and the one who establishes kings and kingdoms.
  2. The Importance of Leadership — The chapter highlights the importance of leadership and the qualities necessary for a just and effective ruler.
  3. The Power of the Holy Spirit — The chapter recognizes the importance of the Holy Spirit, who guides and empowers leaders, including David and Jesus Christ.
  4. The Importance of Dependence on God — The chapter encourages readers to recognize the importance of dependence on God, who is the source of our strength and wisdom.
  5. The Lessons of History — The chapter encourages readers to learn from the exploits of David's mighty men and to apply the lessons of history to their own lives.

Questions for Meditation

  1. What does David's last words reveal about his understanding of God's sovereignty?
  2. How does the chapter highlight the importance of leadership and the qualities necessary for a just ruler?
  3. What role does the Holy Spirit play in guiding and empowering leaders, according to the chapter?
  4. How does the chapter encourage readers to depend on God and recognize His sovereignty in their lives?
  5. What lessons can be learned from the exploits of David's mighty men, and how can they be applied to our own lives?

Detailed Chapter Outline

1. Introduction to David's Last Words (2 Samuel 23:1-7)

23:1 David declares that the Spirit of the Lord spoke through him and that his house and kingdom are established before God forever.
23:2 David recognizes that the Rock of Israel spoke to him, emphasizing God's sovereignty and stability.

2. The Names of David's Mighty Men (2 Samuel 23:8-12)

23:8 The chapter lists the names of David's mighty men, including Adino, Eleazar, and Shammah, who performed great exploits in battle.
23:9 Eleazar, the son of Dodo, was one of the three mighty men who were with David when they defied the Philistines.

3. The Exploits of David's Mighty Men (2 Samuel 23:13-17)

23:13 The chapter records the brave deeds of David's mighty men, who fought against the Philistines and other enemies of Israel.
23:14 David and his men were in the stronghold of Adullam, and the Philistines were in the valley of Rephaim.

4. The Names of David's Officials (2 Samuel 23:18-23)

23:18 The chapter lists the names of David's officials, including Joab, Abishai, and Benaiah, who were renowned for their bravery and loyalty.
23:19 Abishai, the brother of Joab, was the chief of the three and wielding his spear against three hundred men, killing them.

5. Conclusion (2 Samuel 23:24-39)

23:24 The chapter concludes with a record of the names of David's mighty men and the number of his officials.
23:39 Uriah the Hittite was one of the thirty-seven mighty men of David.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of David's last words?

David's last words are significant because they reveal his understanding of God's sovereignty and his recognition of the importance of justice and fairness in leadership (2 Samuel 23:3-4).

Who were David's mighty men?

David's mighty men were a group of brave and loyal warriors who fought on behalf of David and the kingdom of Israel. They are listed in 2 Samuel 23:8-39.

What role does the Holy Spirit play in the chapter?

The Holy Spirit plays a significant role in the chapter, guiding and empowering leaders, including David and Jesus Christ (2 Samuel 23:2).

Top Cross References

ReferenceConnection
1 2 Samuel 23:1 → Psalm 89:3-4 The Spirit of the Lord spoke through David, and it is the same Spirit that speaks through us today, guiding and empowering us to live for God's glory.
2 2 Samuel 23:3 → Luke 1:32-33 The Rock of Israel is a symbol of God's sovereignty and stability, which are the foundation of our faith and the source of our comfort in times of trouble.
3 2 Samuel 23:8 → 1 Chronicles 11:10-12 The names of David's mighty men are also listed in 1 Chronicles 11:10-12, highlighting their bravery and loyalty.
4 2 Samuel 23:13 → 1 Samuel 22:1-2 The chapter records the brave deeds of David's mighty men, who fought against the Philistines and other enemies of Israel, as seen in 1 Samuel 22:1-2.
5 2 Samuel 23:18 → 2 Samuel 2:13 The chapter lists the names of David's officials, including Joab, Abishai, and Benaiah, who were renowned for their bravery and loyalty, as seen in 2 Samuel 2:13.
6 2 Samuel 23:24 → 1 Chronicles 11:26-41 The chapter concludes with a record of the names of David's mighty men and the number of his officials, as seen in 1 Chronicles 11:26-41.
7 2 Samuel 23:1-7 → Matthew 1:1-17 The chapter highlights the importance of recognizing God's sovereignty and trusting in His power and wisdom, as seen in the genealogy of Jesus Christ in Matthew 1:1-17.
8 2 Samuel 23:3 → Hebrews 1:8-9 The Rock of Israel is a symbol of God's sovereignty and stability, which are the foundation of our faith and the source of our comfort in times of trouble, as seen in Hebrews 1:8-9.

Sermons on 2 Samuel 23

SermonDescription
David Wilkerson Walking in the Power of the New Convenant by David Wilkerson In this sermon, the preacher explores the story of Isaac sending his son Jacob on a journey with nothing, despite being a wealthy man. The preacher questions why a rich father woul
Lester Roloff A Soldier That Stands by Lester Roloff In this sermon, the speaker shares a personal testimony of a girl who was lost and struggling with addiction at a young age. However, she found salvation in Jesus Christ who led he
C.T. Spear Last Words by C.T. Spear This sermon reflects on the importance of planning ahead for our last words, focusing on self-reflection, surrender to God, and the impact we leave behind. It emphasizes the need f
Art Katz K-441 True Reconciliation (2 of 2) by Art Katz In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of humility and patience in discerning and addressing issues within the church and the world. He criticizes the spirit of prid
Charles Alexander Last Words of David by Charles Alexander In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the last words of David as recorded in the book of Samuel. He connects these words to the Harvest Festival, emphasizing the importance of re
William MacDonald Insights by William MacDonald In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the verse 1 Peter 5:7, specifically the phrase "He careth for you." He begins by highlighting examples from the Old Testament where God show
David Guzik (2 Samuel) Fighting to Keep Unity by David Guzik In this sermon, the preacher discusses a story from the Bible about a wise woman who saves her city from a siege. The woman approaches Joab, a military leader, and proposes a solut
Worth Ellis Two Roads Two Destinies 02 Ireland st.chapel by Worth Ellis In this sermon, the speaker discusses the internal evidences of inspiration in the Bible. The first proof mentioned is that the Bible claims to be the word of God. The second proof
Chuck Smith David's Song of Deliverance Part 2 by Chuck Smith In this sermon, Pastor Chuck Smith continues his verse-by-verse study of the Bible, specifically focusing on 2 Samuel chapter 23. He highlights the awe-inspiring grace of God that
Denny Kenaston 7. Where Are the Men? by Denny Kenaston Denny Kenaston preaches about the importance of men rising up to walk in God's ways, challenging them to be mature, financially stable, loving husbands, wise fathers, and dynamic l

Summary of Matthew Henry Commentary on 2 Samuel 23

In this chapter, we have the last words of David, in which he praises God and recognizes His sovereignty. The chapter also lists the names of David's mighty men, who were brave and loyal warriors. Matthew Henry notes that David's last words are a song of praise and a testimony to God's faithfulness, and that they highlight the importance of recognizing God's sovereignty and trusting in His power and wisdom. The chapter encourages readers to learn from the exploits of David's mighty men and to apply the lessons of history to their own lives, as seen in 2 Samuel 23:8-39. Henry also notes that the chapter points forward to the coming of Jesus Christ, who will establish a kingdom that will last forever. Read the full unabridged Matthew Henry Commentary →

What Do You Notice?

David's Dependence on God

David recognizes that his authority and success are not based on his own strength or wisdom, but on God's sovereignty and his own dependence on Him. This is evident in his last words, in which he declares that the Spirit of the Lord spoke through him (2 Samuel 23:2).

The Importance of Leadership

The chapter highlights the importance of leadership and the qualities that are necessary for a just and effective ruler. David's mighty men are renowned for their bravery and loyalty, and David himself is recognized as a just ruler who fears God.

The Sovereignty of God

The chapter emphasizes the sovereignty of God, who is the Rock of Israel and the one who establishes kings and kingdoms. This theme is central to the Bible and is evident in David's last words and the record of his mighty men.

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