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1 Chronicles 21:1

1 Chronicles 21:1 in Multiple Translations

Then Satan rose up against Israel and incited David to take a census of Israel.

And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel.

And Satan stood up against Israel, and moved David to number Israel.

Now Satan, designing evil against Israel, put into David's mind the impulse to take the number of Israel.

Satan interfered to cause trouble for Israel. He provoked David to do a census of Israel.

And Satan stoode vp against Israel, and prouoked Dauid to nomber Israel.

And there standeth up an adversary against Israel, and persuadeth David to number Israel,

Satan stood up against Israel, and moved David to take a census of Israel.

And Satan stood up against Israel, and incited David to number Israel.

And Satan rose up against Israel: and moved David to number Israel.

Satan decided to cause the Israeli people to have trouble. So he incited David to find out how many men in Israel were able to be in the army.

Study Highlights

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Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Chronicles 21:1

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Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

1 Chronicles 21:1 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וַ/יַּֽעֲמֹ֥ד שָׂטָ֖ן עַל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַ/יָּ֨סֶת֙ אֶת דָּוִ֔יד לִ/מְנ֖וֹת אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל
וַ/יַּֽעֲמֹ֥ד ʻâmad H5975 to stand Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
שָׂטָ֖ן sâṭân H7854 Satan N-ms
עַל ʻal H5921 upon Prep
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 Israel N-proper
וַ/יָּ֨סֶת֙ çûwth H5496 to incite Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
אֶת ʼêth H853 Obj. DirObjM
דָּוִ֔יד Dâvid H1732 David N-proper
לִ/מְנ֖וֹת mânâh H4487 to count Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
אֶת ʼêth H853 Obj. DirObjM
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל Yisrâʼêl H3478 Israel N-proper
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Chronicles 21:1

וַ/יַּֽעֲמֹ֥ד ʻâmad H5975 "to stand" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
Means 'to stand' in a strong sense, like in Exodus 17:12 where Moses stood with his arms up to help Israel win a battle.
Definition: : stand/stop/establish 1) to stand, remain, endure, take one's stand 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to stand, take one's stand, be in a standing attitude, stand forth, take a stand, present oneself, attend upon, be or become servant of 1a2) to stand still, stop (moving or doing), cease 1a3) to tarry, delay, remain, continue, abide, endure, persist, be steadfast 1a4) to make a stand, hold one's ground 1a5) to stand upright, remain standing, stand up, rise, be erect, be upright 1a6) to arise, appear, come on the scene, stand forth, appear, rise up or against 1a7) to stand with, take one's stand, be appointed, grow flat, grow insipid 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to station, set 1b2) to cause to stand firm, maintain 1b3) to cause to stand up, cause to set up, erect 1b4) to present (one) before (king) 1b5) to appoint, ordain, establish 1c) (Hophal) to be presented, be caused to stand, be stood before
Usage: Occurs in 497 OT verses. KJV: abide (behind), appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed, endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be) present (self), raise up, remain, repair, [phrase] serve, set (forth, over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-) stand (by, fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry. See also: Genesis 18:8; Joshua 21:44; 1 Chronicles 6:17.
שָׂטָ֖ן sâṭân H7854 "Satan" N-ms
Satan is the arch-enemy of good, an opponent who withstands God and humanity. This name is used in the Bible to describe the devil or a personal adversary, often in books like Job and 1 Peter.
Definition: This name means adversary, one who withstands 1a) adversary (in general-personal or national) 2) superhuman adversary 2a) Satan (as noun pr)
Usage: Occurs in 23 OT verses. KJV: adversary, Satan, withstand. See also: Numbers 22:22; Job 1:8; Psalms 109:6.
עַל ʻal H5921 "upon" Prep
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 "Israel" N-proper
Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.
וַ/יָּ֨סֶת֙ çûwth H5496 "to incite" Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
To incite or stimulate is the meaning of this verb, which can also mean to seduce or entice. It is used in the Bible to describe the temptation of people to sin, such as the temptation of Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden, and is often associated with the actions of false prophets and leaders.
Definition: 1) to incite, allure, instigate, entice 1a) (Hiphil) 1a1) to incite (to a request) 1a2) to allure, lure 1a3) to instigate (bad sense)
Usage: Occurs in 18 OT verses. KJV: entice, move, persuade, provoke, remove, set on, stir up, take away. See also: Deuteronomy 13:7; 2 Chronicles 18:31; Isaiah 36:18.
אֶת ʼêth H853 "Obj." DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
דָּוִ֔יד Dâvid H1732 "David" N-proper
David was the youngest son of Jesse and a king of Judah, first mentioned in Ruth 4:17, and an ancestor of Jesus.
Definition: A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17; son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I); brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339); father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N) Also named: Daueid, Dauid, Dabid (Δαυείδ, Δαυίδ, Δαβίδ "David" G1138) § David = "beloved" youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel
Usage: Occurs in 912 OT verses. KJV: David. See also: Ruth 4:17; 1 Samuel 20:41; 1 Samuel 27:9.
לִ/מְנ֖וֹת mânâh H4487 "to count" Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
To count or number something means to weigh it out or assign a value to it. In the Bible, this term is used to describe the act of counting or numbering people, animals, or things. For example, in the book of Numbers, the Israelites are counted and numbered before entering the Promised Land.
Definition: 1) to count, reckon, number, assign, tell, appoint, prepare 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to count, number 1a2) reckon, assign, appoint 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be counted, be numbered 1b2) to be reckoned, be assigned 1c) (Piel) to appoint, ordain 1d) (Pual) appointed (participle) Aramaic equivalent: me.nah (מְנָה "to reckon/appoint" H4483)
Usage: Occurs in 27 OT verses. KJV: appoint, count, number, prepare, set, tell. See also: Genesis 13:16; Psalms 61:8; Psalms 90:12.
אֶת ʼêth H853 "Obj." DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל Yisrâʼêl H3478 "Israel" N-proper
Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.

Study Notes — 1 Chronicles 21:1

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Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 2 Samuel 24:1–25 Again the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He stirred up David against them, saying, “Go and take a census of Israel and Judah.” So the king said to Joab the commander of his army, who was with him, “Go now throughout the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba and register the troops, so that I may know their number.” But Joab replied to the king, “May the LORD your God multiply the troops a hundred times over, and may the eyes of my lord the king see it. But why does my lord the king want to do such a thing?” Nevertheless, the king’s word prevailed against Joab and against the commanders of the army. So Joab and the commanders of the army departed from the presence of the king to count the troops of Israel. They crossed the Jordan and camped near Aroer, south of the town in the middle of the valley, and proceeded toward Gad and Jazer. Then they went to Gilead and the land of Tahtim-hodshi, and on to Dan-jaan and around to Sidon. They went toward the fortress of Tyre and all the cities of the Hivites and Canaanites. Finally, they went on to the Negev of Judah, to Beersheba. At the end of nine months and twenty days, having gone through the whole land, they returned to Jerusalem. And Joab reported to the king the total number of the troops. In Israel there were 800,000 men of valor who drew the sword, and in Judah there were 500,000. After David had numbered the troops, his conscience was stricken and he said to the LORD, “I have sinned greatly in what I have done. Now, O LORD, I beg You to take away the iniquity of Your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.” When David got up in the morning, a revelation from the LORD had come to Gad the prophet, David’s seer: “Go and tell David that this is what the LORD says: ‘I am offering you three options. Choose one of them, and I will carry it out against you.’” So Gad went and said to David, “Do you choose to endure three years of famine in your land, three months of fleeing the pursuit of your enemies, or three days of plague upon your land? Now then, think it over and decide how I should reply to Him who sent me.” David answered Gad, “I am deeply distressed. Please, let us fall into the hand of the LORD, for His mercies are great; but do not let me fall into the hands of men.” So the LORD sent a plague upon Israel from that morning until the appointed time, and seventy thousand of the people from Dan to Beersheba died. But when the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. When David saw the angel striking down the people, he said to the LORD, “Surely I, the shepherd, have sinned and acted wickedly. But these sheep, what have they done? Please, let Your hand fall upon me and my father’s house.” And that day Gad came to David and said to him, “Go up and build an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.” So David went up at the word of Gad, just as the LORD had commanded. When Araunah looked out and saw the king and his servants coming toward him, he went out and bowed facedown before the king. “Why has my lord the king come to his servant?” Araunah said. “To buy your threshing floor,” David replied, “that I may build an altar to the LORD, so that the plague upon the people may be halted.” Araunah said to David, “My lord the king may take whatever seems good and offer it up. Here are the oxen for a burnt offering and the threshing sledges and ox yokes for the wood. O king, Araunah gives all these to the king.” He also said to the king, “May the LORD your God accept you.” “No,” replied the king, “I insist on paying a price, for I will not offer to the LORD my God burnt offerings that cost me nothing.” So David bought the threshing floor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. And there he built an altar to the LORD and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. Then the LORD answered the prayers on behalf of the land, and the plague upon Israel was halted.
2 Zechariah 3:1 Then the angel showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, with Satan standing at his right hand to accuse him.
3 Job 2:4–6 “Skin for skin!” Satan replied. “A man will give up all he owns in exchange for his life. But stretch out Your hand and strike his flesh and bones, and he will surely curse You to Your face.” “Very well,” said the LORD to Satan. “He is in your hands, but you must spare his life.”
4 Job 2:1 On another day the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan also came with them to present himself before Him.
5 Revelation 12:10 And I heard a loud voice in heaven saying: “Now have come the salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of His Christ. For the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down— he who accuses them day and night before our God.
6 1 Kings 22:20–22 And the LORD said, ‘Who will entice Ahab to march up and fall at Ramoth-gilead?’ And one suggested this, and another that. Then a spirit came forward, stood before the LORD, and said, ‘I will entice him.’ ‘By what means?’ asked the LORD. And he replied, ‘I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets.’ ‘You will surely entice him and prevail,’ said the LORD. ‘Go and do it.’
7 Acts 5:3 Then Peter said, “Ananias, how is it that Satan has filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and withhold some of the proceeds from the land?
8 Hebrews 10:24 And let us consider how to spur one another on to love and good deeds.
9 Luke 22:31 Simon, Simon, Satan has asked to sift each of you like wheat.
10 Matthew 4:3 The tempter came to Him and said, “If You are the Son of God, tell these stones to become bread.”

1 Chronicles 21:1 Summary

In 1 Chronicles 21:1, we see that Satan tempted David to take a census of Israel, which was a way of trusting in the strength of his army rather than in God. This verse reminds us to trust in God's sovereignty and provision, rather than relying on our own strength and resources (Psalm 20:7). We can learn from David's mistake and strive to cultivate a heart of humility and trust, like Joab's response in 1 Chronicles 21:3. By trusting in God, we can avoid the temptation to rely on ourselves and instead, experience His peace and protection (Philippians 4:6-7).

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did Satan rise up against Israel in this verse?

Satan rose up against Israel to incite David to take a census, which was a way of trusting in the strength of his army rather than in God, as we see in 1 Chronicles 21:1 and supported by Psalm 20:7, which reminds us to trust in the name of the Lord our God.

What is the significance of taking a census in the Bible?

Taking a census in the Bible often symbolized a lack of trust in God's provision and protection, as seen in 1 Chronicles 21:1 and Numbers 1:1-4, where God instructed Moses to take a census, but with a different purpose and heart attitude.

How does this verse relate to the concept of spiritual warfare?

This verse illustrates the reality of spiritual warfare, as Satan seeks to tempt and deceive believers, as seen in 1 Chronicles 21:1 and Ephesians 6:12, which reminds us that our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against spiritual forces of evil.

What can we learn from David's decision to take a census?

David's decision to take a census serves as a warning to us to trust in God's sovereignty and provision, rather than relying on our own strength and resources, as seen in Proverbs 3:5-6 and Jeremiah 17:5-8, which encourage us to trust in the Lord with all our heart.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do I trust in God's sovereignty and provision in my own life, rather than relying on my own strength and resources?
  2. What are some ways that Satan may be tempting me to trust in myself or my circumstances, rather than in God?
  3. How can I cultivate a heart of humility and trust, like Joab's response in 1 Chronicles 21:3, when faced with difficult decisions or circumstances?
  4. What does this verse reveal about the nature of spiritual warfare and the role of Satan in our lives?

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Chronicles 21:1

And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel. Satan stood up against Israel.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 21:1

1 CHAPTER 21 David numbereth the people, . He repenteth of three judgments propounded, he chooseth the pestilence; and why, . David, by Gad’ s direction, buildeth an altar, and sacrificeth: the plague is stayed, . Satan stood up, Heb. stood, to wit, before the Lord and his tribunal to accuse David and Israel, and to beg God’ s permission to tempt David to number the people. Standing is the accuser’ s posture before men’ s tribunals; and consequently the Holy Scripture (which useth to speak of God, and of the things of God, after the manner of men, to bring them down to our capacities) elsewhere represents Satan in this posture, as . And so this agrees with , where the Lord is said to move David, i.e. to give Satan commission or permission to move him; for otherwise God tempteth no man, . But of this, and of this whole chapter, and of the variations and seeming contradictions between this narrative and that in Samuel, see my notes on 2Sa 24.

Trapp's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 21:1

1 Chronicles 21:1 And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel.Ver. 1. And Satan stood up against Israel.] That is, The devil, as Job 1:6 Psalms 109:6 Zechariah 3:1-2. Satan signifieth an adversary. So the devil is to God and his people, an adversary at law hating them with an inward, spiteful hatred, as do also his instruments. The Emperor Commodus - cunctis incommodus, saith Orosius; semper incommodus, saith Vopiscus, in vita Taciti - was commonly called the enemy of God and men, the very name of the devil. Howbeit God so chained him up, that, of all the emperors until Constantine, he was most favourable unto Christians, by the mediation of Marcia, who favoured their doctrine, saith Dion; but especially by the overruling power and providence of God, who also had a holy hand in this that David here did: Aντιδικος. Mountag., Act. and Mon., cap. 7, par. 115.

Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 21:1

(1-6) The Census.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 21:1

CHAPTER XXI David is tempted by Satan to take the numbers of the people of Israel and Judah, 1, 2. Joab remonstrates, but the king is determined, and Joab pleads in vain, 3, 4. He returns, and delivers in the number to the king, but reckons not Levi and Benjamin, 5. The Lord is displeased, and sends Gad to offer David his choice of three great national calamities; famine, war, or pestilence, 6-12. David submits himself to God, and a pestilence is sent, which destroys seventy thousand, 13, 14. At David's intercession the destroying angel is restrained at the threshing-floor of Ornan, 15-17. He buys the piece of ground, builds an altar to the Lord and offers sacrifices, and the plague is stayed, 18-30. NOTES ON CHAP. XXI Verse 1. And Satan stood up against Israel] 2 Samuel 24:1, &c.

Cambridge Bible on 1 Chronicles 21:1

1. And Satan stood up against Israel] In 2 Sam. “And again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel,” a former occasion being at the time of the famine (2 Samuel 21:1). By Satan (“adversary”) is meant some hostile spiritual being, such as is mentioned in Job 1:6 ff.; Zechariah 3:1 ff., the very opposite in fact of a guardian angel such as the Michael of Dan 10:13; Daniel 10:21; Daniel 12:1. and provoked] R.V. and moved, as 2 Sam., the Heb. word being the same. to number] (cp. 1 Chronicles 27:23-24) should be like the stars, beyond numbering.

Barnes' Notes on 1 Chronicles 21:1

As the books of Scripture are arranged in our Version, Satan is here for the first time by name introduced to us.

Sermons on 1 Chronicles 21:1

SermonDescription
Carter Conlon When Corruption Turns to Revelation by Carter Conlon In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of being honest with ourselves and recognizing the presence of pride in our hearts. He refers to the story of Nebuchadnezzar a
T. Austin-Sparks The Threshing Floor of Ornan by T. Austin-Sparks In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of having a genuine and real relationship with God. He highlights the need for believers to have a solid foundation in their f
Zac Poonen The Church Is the Light by Zac Poonen This sermon emphasizes the importance of building the church as a united body, not just focusing on individual Christianity. It highlights the sacrificial attitude needed to build
Stewart Ruch A Heart to Sacrifice by Stewart Ruch In this sermon, the speaker shares the journey of their church in raising funds for a building project. They started with a goal of $7 million and began raising money two years ago
T. Austin-Sparks "I Will Not Offer Unto the Lord That Which Cost Me Nothing" by T. Austin-Sparks T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes the significance of sacrifice in our relationship with God, using the story of David and the threshing floor of Ornan as a backdrop. He highlights that
John Wesley National Sins and Miseries by John Wesley John Wesley preaches on the theme of national sins and the resulting miseries, drawing parallels between the sins of ancient Israel and contemporary England. He emphasizes that the
T. Austin-Sparks The Continuous Controversy and Conflict by T. Austin-Sparks T. Austin-Sparks addresses the ongoing conflict and controversy present from the beginning of the Bible, emphasizing that the central issue is God's desire to dwell among His peopl

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