1 Chronicles 1:16 lists the descendants of Ishmael, the son of Abraham through Hagar. This genealogy serves to trace the lineage of Ishmael and his twelve sons, highlighting their importance in history. It reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham of making him the father of many nations, as Ishmael's descendants also grew into a great multitude. The verse showcases God's faithfulness in preserving and multiplying the descendants of Abraham through Ishmael, demonstrating His sovereignty over all generations.