The term "Jewish Nation" in the Bible primarily refers to the descendants of the tribe of Judah, which became prominent after the Babylonian exile. The term "Jew" itself is derived from "Judah," one of the twelve tribes of Israel. In the biblical context, particularly after the Babylonian captivity, Jews came to represent the collective identity of the Israelites, particularly those who returned to Jerusalem and the surrounding areas. The Jewish nation is often associated with the covenant made between God and the Israelites, particularly as articulated in the Torah (the first five books of the Bible), where they are chosen to be a holy people and a light to the nations (Exodus 19:5-6).The Jewish nation is also characterized by its adherence to the laws given in the Torah, including the observance of religious practices and festivals (Deuteronomy 16:1-17). The prophetic literature, such as Jeremiah and Isaiah, highlights themes of restoration and the eventual fulfillment of God’s promises to the Jewish people. Throughout the biblical narrative, the Jewish nation serves as a crucial player in God's redemptive history, ultimately leading to the coming of the Messiah, as foretold in the prophetic texts (Isaiah 53; Micah 5:2). Thus, the Jewish nation is not only a historical and ethnic identity but also a theological concept deeply intertwined with God's plan for humanity as depicted in the scriptures.