αρχι( (from ἄρχω, ἀρχός), an inseparable prefix, usually to names of office or dignity, to designate the one who is placed over the rest that hold the office (German Ober-,Erz- (English arch- (chief-, high))), as ἀρχάγγελος, ἀρχιποίμην (which see), ἀρχιερεύς, ἀρχιατρος, ἀρχιευνοῦχος, ἀρχυπερετης (in Egyptian inscriptions), etc., most of which belong to Alexandrian and Byzantine Greek. Cf. Thiersch, De Pentateuehi versione Alex., p. 77f. STRONGS NT 757: ἄρχωἄρχω; (from Homer down); to be first. 1. to be the first to do (anything), to begin a sense not found in the Greek Bible. 2. to be chief, leader, ruler: τίνος (Buttmann, 169 (147)), Mar_10:42; Rom_15:12 (from Isa_11:10). See ἄρχων. Middle, present ἄρχομαι; future ἄρξομαι (once (twice), Luk_13:26 (but not Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading; )); 1 aorist ἠρξάμην; to begin, make a beginning: ἀπό τίνος, Act_10:37 (Buttmann, 79 (69); cf. Matth. § 558); 1Pe_4:17; by brachylogy ἀρξάμενος ἀπό τίνος ἕως τίνος for, having begun from some person or thing (and continued or continuing) to some person or thing: Mat_20:8; Joh_8:9 (i. e. Rec.); Act_1:22; cf. Winers Grammar, § 66, the passage cited; (Buttmann, 374 (320)); ἀρξάμενον is used impersonally and absolutely, a beginning being made, Luk_24:27 (so in Herodotus 3, 91; cf. Winers Grammar, 624 (580); (Buttmann, 374f (321))); carelessly, ἀρξάμενος ἀπό Μωϋσέως καί ἀπό πάντων προφητῶν διηρμήνευεν for, beginning from Moses be went through all the prophets, Luk_24:27; Winers Grammar, § 67, 2; (Buttmann, 374 (320f)). ὧν ἤρξατο ποιεῖν τέ καί διδάσκειν, ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας which he began and contnued both to do and to teach, until etc., Act_1:1 (Winers Grammar, § 66, 1 c.; Buttmann, as above). ἄρχομαι is connected with an infinitive and that so often, especially in the historical books, that formerly most interpreters thought it constituted a periphrasis for the finite form of the verb standing in the infinitive, as ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν for ἐκήρυξε. But through the influence principally of Fritzsche (on Matthew, p. 539f), cf. Winers Grammar, § 65 7 d., it is now conceded that the theory of a periphrasis of this kind was a rash assumption, and that there is scarcely an example which cannot be reduced to one of the following classes: a. the idea of beginning has more or less weight or importance, so that it is brought out by a separate word: Mat_11:7 (the disciples of John having retired, Christ began to speak concerning John, which he did not do while they were present); Luk_3:8 (do not even begin to say; make not even an attempt to excuse yourselves); Luk_15:14 (the beginning of want followed hard upon the squandering of his goods); Luk_21:28; 2Co_3:1; especially when the beginning of an action is contrasted with its continuance or its repetition, Mar_6:7; Mar_8:31 (cf. Mar_9:31; Mar_10:33 f); or with the end of it, Luk_14:30 (opposed to ἐκτελέσαι); Joh_13:5 (cf. 12). b. ἄρχειν denotes something as begun by someone, others following: Act_27:35 f (Winers Grammar, § 65, 7 d.). c. ἄρχειν indicates that a thing was but just begun when it was interrupted by something else: Mat_12:1 (they had begun to pluck ears of grain, but they were prevented from continuing by the interference of the Pharisees); Mat_26:22 (Jesus answered before all had finished), Mat_26:74; Mar_2:23; Mar_4:1 (he had scarcely begun to teach, when a multitude gathered unto him); Mar_6:2; Mar_10:41; Luk_5:21; Luk_12:45; Luk_13:25; Act_11:15 (cf. Act_10:44); , and often. d. the action itself, instead of its beginning, might indeed have been mentioned; but in order that the more attention may be given to occurrences which seem to the writer to be of special importance, their initial stage, their beginning, is expressly pointed out: Mar_14:65; Luk_14:18; Act_2:4, etc. e. ἄρχω occurs in a sentence which has grown out of the blending of two statements: Mat_4:17; Mat_16:21 (from ἀπό τότε ἐκήρυξε ... ἔδειξέ, and τότε ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν ... δεικνύειν). The infinitive is lacking when discoverable from the context: ἀρχόμενος, namely, to discharge the Messianic office, Luk_3:23 (Winer's Grammar, 349 (328)); ἀρξάμενος namely, λέγειν, Act_11:4. (Compare: ἐνάρχω (ἐνάρχομαι), προενάρχομαι, ὑπάρχω, προϋπάρχω.

G756, G757 ἄρχω archō 86x (1) pr. (act.) to be first; to rule, Mar_10:42 ; Rom_15:12 (2) mid. to begin, Mat_4:17 ; to take commencement, Luk_24:27 ; 1Pe_4:17 begin; rule.

ἄρχω , [in LXX for H2490 , H4911 etc.;] 1. to begin. 2. to rule ( v. DCG , ii, 538 b .): c . gen ., Mar_10:42 , Rom_15:12 . Mid ., to begin: seq . ἀπό , Mat_16:21 ; Mat_20:8 , Luk_14:18 ; Luk_23:5 ; Luk_24:27 ; Luk_24:47 , Joh_8:9 , Act_1:22 ; Act_8:35 ; Act_10:37 , 1Pe_4:17 ; c . inf ., an Aramaic pleonasm, Mar_1:45 ; Mar_2:23 ; Mar_5:17 , Luk_3:8 , al. ( v. M , Pro_14:1-35 f .; Dolman , Words , 27; MM , s.v. ).

ἄρχων [page 83] The official uses of ἄ . are fully classified by Dittenberger in the index to his OGIS , where he cites instances of its application to (l) summus magistratus , (2) praefectus in urbem aut regionem subditam missus , (3) magistratus provincialis Romanorum , and (4) magistratus quilibet. To these for the NT we have to add ruler of a synagogue, which is illustrated, according to de Rossi, in an Italian inscr. of the reign of Claudius, Cagnat I. 388 (= IGSI 949) Κλαύδιος Ἰωσῆς ἄρχων ἔζησεν ἔτη λ̄ε̄ . Ib. 1024 .21 (i/B.C. ?) the inscr. from Berenice in Cyrenaica cited above under ἀβαρής ἔδοξε τοῖς ἄρχουσι καὶ τῷ πολιτεύματι τῶν ἐν Βερενίκῃ Ἰουδαίων : a list of these Jewish ἄρχοντες is given at the beginning of the inscr., which is dated at the σκηνοπηγία . (See Schόrer as cited below.) So in P Lond 1177 .57 (A.D. 113)] (= III. p. 183), in accounts for the water-works of the μητρόπολις (? Hermopolis) Ἀρχόντων Ἰ [ου ]δα̣ίων προσευχῆς Θηβαίων μηνιαι ω < ρ̅κ̅α̅ , The rulers of the proseucha of Theban Jews 128 drachmae a month (see further s.v. προσευχή ). For Jewish ἄρχοντες generally see Schόrer s inscriptional evidence and discussion in Geschichte iii. p. 38 ff. (= HJP II. ii. p. 243 ff.). In P Lond 1178 .60 (A.D. 194) (= III. p. 217) the designation is applied to the presidents of an athletic club known as The Worshipful Gymnastic Society of Nomads (ἡ ἱερὰ ξυστικὴ περιπολιστικὴ . . . σύνοδος ). Miscellaneous references are P Oxy III. 473 .2 (A.D. 138 60) of the magistrates of Oxyrhynchus, ib. 592 (A.D. 122 3) of Sarapion γενομένῳ πρυτανικῷ ἄρχοντ (ι ) ἱερεῖ καὶ ἀρχιδικαστῇ , BGU II. 362 v. 2 (A.D. 214 5). ib 388 ii. 26 (ii/iii A.D.), P Fay 20 .22 (iii/iv A.D.) τοῖς καθ᾽ ἑκάστην πόλιν ἄρχουσιν , Cagnat I. 118 .30 (B.C. 78) (= IGSI 951) ἐάν τε ἐν ταῖς πατρίσιν κατὰ τοὺς ἰδίους νόμους βούλωνται κρίνεσθαι ἢ ἐπὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀρχόντων ἐπὶ Ἰταλικῶν κριτῶν . In P Oxy III. 592 we have a πρυτανικὸς ἄρχων , which Wilcken ( Archiv iv. p. 118 f.) regards as equivalent to πρύτανις . Note also P Giss I. 19 .17 (ii/A.D.), where Aline commends to her husband, a στρατηγός , the example of ὁ ἐ ]νθάδε στρατηγός , who τοῖς ἄρχου [σι ἐπιτί ]θησι τὸ βάρος : these ἄρχοντες were accordingly subordinates. MGr οἱ ἄρχοντες or ἡ ἀρχοντιά = the local aristocracy.

ἄρχω [Etym: pf. pass. ἦργμαι only in mid. sense] in pass. sense:— "to be first", of Time, "to begin, make a beginning", both in Act. and Mid.: c. gen. "to make a beginning of", πολέμοιο, μάχης, etc., Hom. ; so Hdt. and attic:—Mid. also in a religious sense, like ἀπάρχεσθαι, ἀρχόμενος μελέων "beginning the sacrifice with" the limbs, Od. ; ἄρχειν σπονδῶν Thuc. c. gen. also "to begin from or with", ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ᾽ ἄρξομαι Il. ; so, ἄρχεσθαι ἔκ τινος Od. ; ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ παιδίων "even" from boyhood, Hdt. c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἄρχ. θεοῖς δαιτός "to make preparations for a banquet to the gods", Il. ; τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε id=Il. , etc. c. acc., ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, like Lat. praeire viam alicui, to shew him the way, Od. ; absol. (sub. ὁδόν), "to lead the way", Hom. ; then generally ἄρχειν τι Aesch. , Soph. c. inf. "to begin" to do a thing, Hom. , etc.; c. part. of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων Il. ; ἄρχ. διδάσκων Xen. absol., ἄρχε "begin"! Hom. ; ἄρχει ἡ ἐκεχειρία Thuc. ; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένωι, θέρους ἀρχομένου id=Thuc. of Authority, "to lead, rule, govern", only in Act.: c. gen. "to rule, be leader of . ." , τινός Hom. , attic c. dat. "to rule over", Hom. , Aesch. absol. "to rule, govern", id=Aesch. : esp. "to hold a subordinate office", ὁκοῖον εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν Hdt. :—at Athens, "to be archon", Dem. ; cf. ἄρχων. Pass. "to be ruled, governed", Hdt. , attic; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι "subjects", Xen.

ἄρχω [in LXX for חָלַל, מָשַׁל, etc. ;] __1. to begin. __2. to rule (see DCG, ii, 538b.): with genitive, Mrk.10:42, Rom.15:12. Mid., to begin: before ἀπό, Mat.16:21 20:8, Luk.14:18 23:5 24:27, 47, Jhn.8:9, Act.1:22 8:35 10:37, 1Pe.4:17; with inf., an Aramaic pleonasm, Mrk.1:45 2:23 5:17, Luk.3:8, al. (see M, Pro.14:1-35 f.; Dalman, Words, 27; MM, see word) (AS)