ἄρτος, ἄρτου, ὁ (from ἈΡΩ to fit, put together (cf. Etym. Magn. 150, 36 but doubtful)), bread; Hebrew μΖηΖν; 1. food composed of flour mixed with water and baked; the Israelites made it in the form of an oblong or round cake, as thick as one's thumb, and as large as a plate or platter (cf. Winers RWB under the word Backen; (BB. DD.)); hence, it was not cut, but broken (see κλάσις and κλάω) Mat_4:3; Mat_7:9; Mat_14:17; Mat_14:19; Mar_6:36 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets), Mar_6:37; Luk_4:3; Luk_24:30; Joh_6:5 ff; Act_27:35, and often; ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως, loaves consecrated to Jehovah, see πρόθεσις; on the bread used at the love-feasts and the sacred supper (Winer's Grammar, 35), cf. Mat_26:26; Mar_14:22; Luk_22:19; Act_2:42; Act_2:46; Act_20:7; 1Co_10:16; 1Co_11:26-28. 2. As in Greek writings, and like the Hebrew μΖηΖν, food of any kind: Mat_6:11; Mar_6:8; Luk_11:3; 2Co_9:10; ὁ ἄρτος τῶν τέκνων the food served to the children, Mar_7:27; ἄρτον φαγεῖν or ἐσθίειν to take food, to eat (μΖηΖν ΰΒλΙμ) (Winer's Grammar, 33 (32)): Mar_3:20; Luk_14:1; Luk_14:15; Mat_15:2; ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τίνος to take food supplied by one, 2Th_3:8; τόν ἑαυτόν ἄρτον ἐσθίειν, to eat the food which one has procured for himself by his own labor, 2Th_3:12; μήτε ἄρτον ἐσθίον, μήτε οἶνον πίνων, abstaining from the usual sustenance, or using it sparingly, Luk_7:33; τρώγειν τόν ἄρτον μετά τίνος to be one's table-companion, his familiar friend, Joh_13:18 (Psa_40:10 ()). In Joh_6:32-35 Jesus calls himself, τόν ἄρτον τοῦ Θεοῦ, τόν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς, as the Divine λόγος, come from heaven, who containing in himself the source of heavenly life supplies celestial nutriment to souls that they may attain to life eternal.

ἄρτος artos 97x bread; a loaf or thin cake of bread, Mat_26:26 ; food, Mat_15:2 ; Mar_3:20 ; bread, maintenance, living, necessaries of life, Mat_6:11 ; Luk_11:3 ; 2Th_3:8 bread; food; loaf.

ἄρτος , -ον , ὁ , [in LXX chiefly for H3899 ;] bread, a loaf: Mat_4:3-4 , Mar_3:20 , al .; ἄρτοι τ . προθέσεως , bread of the setting forth, i.e . the shewbread. Metaph ., ὁ ἄ . τ . θεοῦ , τ . ζωῆς , ref. to Christ, Joh_6:33 ; Joh_6:35 ; in general, food : Mat_6:11 , al. ; ἄ . φαγεῖν ( Heb . H3899 H400 ), to eat ( MM , s.v. ), Luk_14:1 , al.

ἄρτος [page 80] ἄρτος is frequently found with καθαρός = pure or white bread, e.g. P Tebt II. 468 οἴνου κε (ράμιον ) ᾱ , ἄρτων κα̣(θαρῶν ) χ (= 10 Choenices? Edd.). P Oxy IV. 736 .26 (a lengthy private account, c. A.D. I) ἄρτου καθαροῦ παιδ (ῶν ) ἡμιωβέλιον ) pure bread for the children ½ obol, P Giss I. 14 .5 (ii. A.D.) ἔγραψάς μοι περὶ ἄρτων καθαρῶν πεγμφθῆναἱ σοι διὰ Διοσκύρου . Other instances of the word are P Leid B i. 12 (ii/B.C.) ἄρτων πεπτῶν (in provision claimed for the Serapeum Twins), P Oxy VI. 936 .15 f. (iii/A.D.) σφυρίδιον Κανωπικὸν ὅπ̣ου ζεύγη ἄρτων δ̄ , a Canopic basket with four pairs of loaves, P Gen I. 74 .25 f. (probably iii/A.D.) λήκυθον ἐλαίου καὶ ἄρτους μεγάλο [υ ]ς τέσσαρας . In P Oxy VI. 908 .22f. (A.D. 199) ἀρτοκοπεῖον = bakery ὥστε ὑφ᾽ ἑκάστου ὑμῶν ἀρτοκοπεῖον ἓν ἀπαρτισθῆναι . Ἄρτος is the common and only word for bread during the period we are concerned with : towards the end of it ψωμίον ( q. v. ) begins to acquire this meaning and takes its place.

ἄρτος [Etym: Deriv. uncertain.] "a cake or loaf of wheat-bread" (barley-bread is μᾶζα), mostly in pl., Od. ; ἄρτος οὖλος soft "bread", id=Od.

ἄρτος, -ου, ὁ, [in LXX chiefly for לֶחֶם ;] bread, a loaf: Mat.4:3, 4 Mrk.3:20, al.; ἄρτοι τ. προθέσεως, bread of the setting forth, i.e. the shewbread. Metaphorical, ὁ ἄ. τ. θεοῦ, τ. ζωῆς, ref. to Christ, Jhn.6:33, 35; in general, food: Mat.6:11, al.; ἄ. φαγεῖν (Heb. אֲכֹל לֶחֶם), to eat (MM, see word), Lu 14:1, al. (AS)