ἄνθρωπος, ἀνθρώπου, ὁ (perhaps from ἀνήρ and ὤψ, i. e. man's face: Curtius, § 422; Vanicek, p. 9. From Homer down); man. It is used 1. universally, with reference to the genus or nature, without distinction of sex, a human being, whether male or female: Joh_16:21. And in this sense a. with the article, generically, so as to include all human individuals: Mat_4:4 (ἐπ' ἄρτῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος); Mat_12:35 (ὁ ἀγαθός ἄνθρωπος every good person); Mat_15:11; Mat_15:18; Mar_2:27; Mar_7:15; Mar_7:18; Mar_7:20; Luk_4:4; Joh_2:25 (Winer's Grammar, § 18, 8); Joh_7:51; Rom_7:1, etc. b. so that a man is distinguished from beings of a different race or order; α. from animals, plants, etc.: Luk_5:10; Mat_4:19; Mat_12:12; 2Pe_2:16; Rev_9:4; Rev_9:7; Rev_9:10; Rev_9:15; Rev_9:18; Rev_11:13, etc. (beta). from God, from Christ as divine, and from angels: Mat_10:32; Mat_19:6; Mar_10:9; Luk_2:15 (T WH omit; L Tr brackets) (opposed to angels); Joh_10:33; Act_10:26; Act_14:11; 1Th_2:13; Gal_1:10; Gal_1:12; 1Co_3:21; 1Co_7:23; Php_2:7; Php_2:7 (8); 1Ti_2:5; Heb_8:2; Heb_13:6; 1Pe_2:4, etc. c. with the added notion of weakness, by which man is led into mistake or prompted to sin: οὐκ ἄνθρωποι; (R G σαρκικοί) ἐστε; 1Co_3:4; σοφία ἀνθρώπων, 1Co_2:5; ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαι, 1Pe_4:2; κατά ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖτε ye conduct yourselves as men, 1Co_3:3; λαλεῖν or λέγειν κατά ἄνθρωπον, to speak according to human modes of thinking, 1Co_9:8; Rom_3:5; κατά ἄνθρωπον λέγω, I speak as a man to whom analogies from human affairs present themselves, while I illustrate divine things by an example drawn from ordinary human life, Gal_3:15; κατά ἄνθρωπον θηριομάχειν, as man is accustomed to fight, urged on by the desire of gain, honor and other earthly advantages, 1Co_15:32 : οὐκ ἐστι κατά ἄνθρωπον is not accommodated to the opinions and desires of men, Gal_1:11; (for examples of κατά ἄνθρωπον in secular authors see Wetstein on Rom. as above); with the accessory notion of malignity: προσέχετε ἀπό τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Mat_10:17; εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, Mat_17:22; Luk_9:44. d. with the adjunct notion of contempt (as sometimes in Greek writings): Joh_5:12; the address ὦ ἄνθρωπε, or ἄνθρωπε, is one either of contempt and disdainful pity, Rom_9:20 (Plato, Gorgias, p. 452 b. σύ δέ ... τίς εἰ, ὦ ἄνθρωπε), or of gentle rebuke, Luk_22:58; Luk_22:60. The word serves to suggest commiseration: ἴδε (T Tr WH ἰδού) ὁ ἄνθρωπος behold the man in question, maltreated, defenseless, Joh_19:5. e. with a reference to the twofold nature of man. ὁ ἔσω and ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος, soul and body: Rom_7:22; Eph_3:16; 2Co_4:16, (Plato, rep. 9, 589 a. ὁ ἐντός ἄνθρωπος; Plotinus Enn. 5, 1, 10 ὁ εἴσω ἄνθρωπος; cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., 61f. (Meyer on Romans, the passage cited; Ellicott on Ephesians, the passage cited)); ὁ κρυπτός τῆς καριδας ἀνθρ. 1Pe_3:4. f. with a reference to the twofold moral condition of man, ὁ παλαιός (the corrupt) and ὁ καινός (ὁ νέος) ἄνθρωπος (the truly Christian man, conformed to the nature of God): Rom_6:6; Eph_2:15; Eph_4:22; Eph_4:24; Col_3:9 f. g. with a reference to the sex, (contextually) a male: Joh_7:22 f. 2. indefinitely, without the article, ἄνθρωπος, a. someone, a (certain) man, when who he is either is not known or is not important: equivalent to τίς, Mat_17:14; Mat_21:28; Mat_22:11; Mar_12:1; Mar_14:13; Luk_5:18; Luk_13:19, etc. with the addition of τίς, Mat_18:12; Luk_10:30; Luk_14:2; Luk_14:16; Luk_15:11; Luk_16:1; Luk_16:19; Joh_5:5. in address, where the speaker either cannot or will not give the name, Luk_5:20; or where the writer addresses any and every reader, Rom_2:1; Rom_2:3. b. where what is said holds of every man, so that ἄνθρωπος is equivalent to the German indefinite man, one: Rom_3:28; 1Co_4:1; 1Co_7:1; 1Co_11:28; Gal_2:16. So also where opposed to domesties, Mat_10:36; to a wife, Mat_19:10; to a father, Mat_10:35; to the master of a household, Luk_12:36 f in which passages many, confounding sense and signification, incorrectly say that the word ἄνθρωπος signifies father of a family, husband, son, servant. 3. in the plural οἱ ἄνθρωποι is sometimes (the) people, German dieLeute: Mat_5:13; Mat_5:16; Mat_6:5; Mat_6:18; Mat_8:27; Mat_16:13; Luk_11:44; Mar_8:24; Mar_8:27; Joh_4:28; οὐδείς ἀνθρώπων (nemohominum) no one, Mar_11:2; 1Ti_6:16. 4. It is joined a. to another substantive a quasi-predicate of office, or employment, or characteristic the idea of the predicate predominating (Winer's Grammar, § 59, 1): ἄνθρωπος ἔμπορος a merchant (-man), Mat_13:45 (WH text omits ἀνθρώπῳ); οἰκοδεσπότης, Mat_13:52; Mat_20:1; Mat_21:33; βασιλεύς, Mat_18:23; Mat_20:2; φάγος, Mat_11:19. (So in Hebrew ρΘψΔιρ ΰΔιωΡ a eunuch, Jer_38:7 f, λΙΜδΕο ΰΔιωΡ a priest, Lev_21:9; also in Greek writings: ἄνθρωπος ὁδίτης, Homer, Iliad 16, 263, elsewhere; cf. Matthiae, § 430, 6; (Krüger § 57, 1, 1); but in Attic this combination generally has a contemptuous force; cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 48; in Latinhomogladiator, Cicero, epistles ad diversos 12, 22, 1). b. to a gentile noun: ἄνθρωπον Κυρηναῖος, Mat_27:32; Κουδαιος, Act_21:39; Ῥωμαῖος, Act_16:37; Act_22:25 (according to the context, a Roman citizen). 5. ὁ ἄνθρωπος, with the article, the particular man under consideration, who he is being plain from the context: Mat_12:13; Mat_26:72; Mar_3:5; Luk_23:6; Joh_4:50. οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος, Luk_14:30; Joh_9:16; Joh_9:24 (L Tr marginal reading WH); ; ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, Mar_14:71; Luk_23:4; Luk_23:14; Luk_23:47; Joh_9:24 (R G T Tr text): Joh_18:17; Act_6:13; Act_22:26; Act_26:31-32. ὁ ἀνθωπος ἐκεῖνος, Mat_12:45; Mat_26:24; Mar_14:21. 6. Phrases: ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας (or with T Tr text WH text, τῆς ἀνομίας), 2Th_2:3, see ἁμαρτία, 1, p. 30f ἄνθρωπος τοῦ Θεοῦ a man devoted to the service of God, God's minister: 1Ti_6:11; 2Ti_3:17 (of the evangelists, the associates of the apostles); 2Pe_1:21 (of prophets, like ΰΑμΙδΔιν ΰΔιωΡ often in the O. T.; cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus i., p. 85). For ὁ υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου and υἱοί τῶν ἀνθρώπων, see under υἱός.

ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos 550x a human being, Joh_16:21 ; Php_2:7 ; an individual, Rom_3:28 , et al. freq.; used also pleonastically with other words, Mat_11:19 ; et al.; met. the spiritual frame of the inner man, Rom_7:22 ; Eph_3:16 ; 1Pe_3:4 human being; humankind; man; mankind; person.

ἀνθρωπος , -ου , ὁ , [in LXX chiefly for H120 , H376 , also for H582 , etc.;] man: 1. generically, a human being, male or female (Lat. homo): Joh_16:21 ; c . art., Mat_4:4 ; Mat_12:36 , Mar_2:27 , Joh_2:25 , Rom_7:1 , al. ; disting. from God, Mat_19:6 , Joh_10:33 , Col_3:23 , al. ; from animals, etc., Mat_4:19 , Luk_5:10 , Rev_9:4 , al. ; implying human frailty and imperfection, 1Co_3:4 ; σοφία ἀνθρώπων , 1Co_2:5 ; ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαι , 1Pe_4:2 ; κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖν , 1Co_3:3 ; κατὰ ἄ . λέγειν (λαλεῖν ), Rom_3:5 , 1Co_9:8 ; κατὰ ἄ - λέγειν , Gal_3:16 ( cf. 1Co_15:32 , Gal_1:11 ); by meton ., of man's nature or condition, ὁ ἔσω (ἄξω ) ἄ ., Rom_7:22 , Eph_3:16 , 2Co_4:16 ( cf. 1Pe 34); ὁ παλαιὸς , καινός , νέος ἄ ., Rom_6:6 , Eph_2:15 ; Eph_4:22 ; Eph_4:24 , Col_3:9-10 ; joined with another subst ., ἄ . ἔμπορος , a merchant , Mat_13:45 ( WH , txt . om . ἄ .); οἰκοδεσπότης , Mat_13:52 ; βασιλεύς , Mat_18:23 ; φάγος , Mat_11:19 ; with name of nation, Κυρηναῖος , Mat_27:32 ; Ἰουδαῖος , Act_21:39 ; Ῥωμαῖος , Act_16:37 ; pl. οἱ ἄ ., men, people: Mat_5:13 ; Mat_5:16 , Mar_8:24 , Joh_4:28 ; οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων , Mar_11:2 , 1Ti_6:16 . 2. Indef., ἄ . = τις , some one, a man: Mat_17:14 , Mar_12:1 , al. ; τις ἄ ., Mat_18:12 , Joh_5:5 , al. ; indef . one (Fr. on), Rom_3:28 , Gal_2:16 , al. ; opp . to women, servants, etc., Mat_10:36 ; Mat_19:10 , Joh_7:22-23 3. Definitely, c . art ., of some particular person; Mat_12:13 Mar_3:5 , al. ; οὗτος ὁ ἄ ., Luk_14:30 ; ὁ ἄ οὗτος , ἐκεῖνος , Mar_14:71 , Mat_12:45 ; ὁ ἄ . τ . ἀνομίας , 2Th_2:3 ; ἄ . τ . θεοῦ (of Heb . H430 H376 ), 1Ti_6:11 , 2Ti_3:17 , 2Pe_1:21 ; ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀ ., v.s . υἱός . SYN.: ἀνήρ G435 , q.v. (and cf. MM , VGT , 44; Cremer , 103, 635).

ἄνθρωπος [page 44] ἄνθρωπος , like ἀνήρ , has kept its differentia practically unchanged from Homer to MGr. It is interesting to notice its philosophical abstract ἀνθρωπότης vouched for as fairly popular Greek by Vettius Valens (p. 346 .29 , in antith. to ἀθανασία ), passing into Christian theology (see LS and Sophocles Lex. ), and current in MGr. The NT has no trace of the curious misuse by which the principal difference between ἄ . and ἀνήρ is ignored : Tob_6:8 ἀνθρώπον ἢ γυναικός . P Flor I. 61 .60 (A.D. 86 8) ἄξιος μ [ὲ ]ν ἦς μαστιγωθῆναι , διὰ σεαντοῦ [κ ]ατασχὼν ἄνθρωπον εὐσχήμονα καὶ γυν [αῖ ]κας is not parallel, as ὰ . only means person : as little is Joh_7:22 f. (Grimm). Another case of ἄνθρωπος invading the sphere of ἀνήρ is the Matthζan locution α οἰκοδεσπότης , βασιλεύς , φαγός etc. As Grimm s passages show, this is Greek, though not Attic : Mt may have got it from LXX (so Lev_21:9 ἀνθρώπου ἱερέως ). Some papyrus passages may be cited, though little is needed. The antithesis with θεός has figured under ἀνθρώπινος : the complementary one comes out well in BGU IV. 1024 iv. 6 (iv/v A.D.), where a judge pronounces sentence of death with the words σύ μοι δοκεῖς [ψυχὴν ἔ ]χειν θηρίου καὶ [ο ]ὐκ ἀνθρώπού [μᾶλλον δ ]ὲ οὐδὲ θηρίου he proceeds to give reasons. Ib. 1030 .7 (iii/A.D.) ἐπίγοντες τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ τοὺς τέκτονας ἀ . is general and τ . special. For the purely unemphatic use cf. the illiterate note, ib. 1031 .13 (ii/A.D.) ἔκδος ἀνθρώποις ἀσφα [λέσ ]ι . Its anaphoric use with the article (as Mat_12:13 etc.) may be seen in ib. 1208 i. 25 (B.C. 27 6)ἵνα δὲ εἰδῇς τὸ ὄρθριον ( sein Morgengruss, = seine erste Tat says Schubart) τοῦ ἀνθρώ (που ), πέπομφά σοι ἣν τέθειται μίσθωσιν . This particular instance may perhaps serve as an illustration of the adjunct notion of contempt ( Joh_5:12 ), on which Grimm remarks (1. d. ). Under the same heading, with commiseration instead of contempt, will come πρεσβύτης ἄνθρωπός εἰμι , in P Strass I. 41 .40 (A.D. 250). In the edict of Caracalla, P Giss I. 40 i. 6 (A.D. 212 5) ὁσ ]άκις ἐὰν ὑ [π ]ε ,σέλθ [ωσ ]ι̣ν εἰς τοὺς ἐμοὺς ἀν [θρ ]ώπους the editor notes the tone as characteristic of his dynasty. The general sense in the plural may be illustrated by Syll 424 .1 (A.D. 361 3) τὸν γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης καὶ παντὸς ἀνθρώπων ἔθνους δεσπότην of the brief Emperor Julianus, ib. 890 .22 (ii/A.D.) of a series of diseases κ ]α [ὶ ] ὅσα κακὰ κ [αὶ πά ]θη ἀνθρώποι [ς γί ]γνεται .

ἄνθρωπος [Etym: prob. from ἀνήρ, ὤψ, "manfaced"] "man", Lat. homo (not "vir"), opp. to gods, ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν, χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ᾽ ἀνθρώπων Il. with or without the Art. to denote "man" generally, Plat. , etc. in pl. "mankind", ἀνθρώπων, ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν Il. ; ὁ ἄριστος ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὄρτυξ the best quail "in the world", Plat. ; μάλιστα, ἥκιστα ἀνθρώπων most, least of "all", Hdt. , etc. with another Subst., to give it a contemptuous sense, ἄνθρ. ὑπογραμματεύς, συκοφάντης, Oratt. ; so "homo histrio" Cic. :—so, ἄνθρωπος or ὁ ἄνθρωπος was used alone, "the man, the fellow", Plat. :— also in vocat. it was addressed contemptuously to slaves, ἄνθρωπε or ὦ 'νθρωπε, "sirrah! you sir"! Hdt. , Plat. fem. (as "homo" also is fem.), "a woman", Hdt. , etc.; with a sense of pity, Dem.

ἄνθρωπος, -ου, ὁ, [in LXX chiefly for אִישׁ ,אָדָם, also for אֱנוֹשׁ, etc. ;] man: __1. generically, a human being, male or female (Lat. homo): Jhn.16:21; with art., Mat.4:4 12:35, Mrk.2:27, Jhn.2:25, Rom.7:1, al; disting. from God, Mat.19:6, Jhn.10:33, Col.3:23, al.; from animals, etc., Mat.4:19, Luk.5:10, Rev.9:4, al.; implying human frailty and imperfection, 1Co.3:4; σοφία ἀνθρώπων, 1Co.2:5; ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαι, 1Pe.4:2; κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖν, 1Co.3:3; κατὰ ἄ. λέγειν (λαλεῖν), Rom.3:5, 1Co.9:8; κατὰ ἄ- λέγειν, Gal.3:15 (cf. 1Co.15:32, Gal.1:11); by meton., of man's nature or condition, ὁ ἔσω (ἔξω) ἄ., Rom.7:22, Eph.3:16, 2Co.4:16 (cf. 1Pe.3:4); ὁ παλαιὸς, καινὸς, νέος ἄ., Rom.6:6, Eph.2:15 4:22, 24 Col.3:9, 10; joined with another subst., ἄ. ἔμπορος, a merchant, Mat.13:45 (WH, txt. om. ἄ.); οἰκοδεσπότης, Mat.13:52; βασιλεύς, 18:23; φάγος, 11:19; with name of nation, Κυρηναῖος, Mat.27:32; Ἰουδαῖος, Act.21:39; Ῥωμαῖος, Act.16:37; pl. οἱ ἄ., men, people: Mat.5:13, 16 Mrk.8:24, Jhn.4:28; οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων, Mrk.11:2, 1Ti.6:16. __2. Indef., ἄ. = τις, some one, a man: Mat.17:14, Mrk.12:1, al.; τις ἄ., Mat.18:12, Jhn.5:5, al.; indef. one (Fr. on), Rom.3:28, Gal.2:16, al.; opposite to women, servants, etc., Mat.10:36 19:10, Jhn.7:22, 23. __3. Definitely, with art., of some particular person; Mat.12:13, Mrk.3:5, al.; οὗτος ὁ ἄ., Luk.14:30; ὁ ἄ οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος, Mrk.14:71, Mat.12:45; ὁ ἄ. τ. ἀνομίας, 2Th.2:3; ἄ τ. θεοῦ (of Heb. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים), 1Ti.6:11, 2Ti.3:17, 2Pe.1:21; ὁ υἰὸς τοῦ ἀ., see: υἱός. SYN.: ἀνήρ, which see (and cf. MM, VGT, 44; Cremer, 103, 635). (AS)