παρά (it neglects elision before proper names beginning with a vowel, and (at least in Tdf.s text) before some other words; see Tdf Proleg., p. 95, cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann, 10), a preposition indicating close proximity, with various modifications corresponding to the various cases with which it is joined; cf. Viger. editionm Herm., p. 643ff; Matthiae, § 588; Bernhardy (1829), p. 255ff; Kühner, § 440; Krüger, § 68, 34-36. It is joined: I. with the genitive; and as in Greek prose writings always with the genitive of a person, to denote that a thing proceeds from. the side or the vicinity of one, or from one's sphere of power, or from one's wealth or store, Latina, ab; German von ... her, von neben; Frenchde chez; (English from beside, from); the Sept. for ξΔμΔΜτΐπΕι, ξΔιΗγ, ξΕΰΕφΖμ (1Sa_17:30); cf. Winers Grammar, 364f (342f) a. properly, with a suggestion of union of place or of residence, after verbs of coming, departing, setting out, etc. (cf. Frenchvenir, partir de chez quelqu'un): Mar_14:43; Luk_8:49 (here Lachmann ἀπό); Joh_15:26; Joh_16:27; Joh_17:8; (παῥ ἧς ἐκβεβλήκει ἑπτά δαιμόνια, Mar_16:9 L Tr text WH); εἶναι παρά Θεοῦ, of Christ, to be sent from God, Joh_9:16; Joh_9:33; to be sprung from God (by the nature of the λόγος), (where for the sake of the context κἀκεῖνος με ἀπέστειλεν (Tdf. ἀπέσταλκέν) is added); μονογενοῦς παρά πατρός namely, ὄντος, Joh_1:14; ἐστι τί παρά τίνος, is given by one, Joh_17:7 (cf. d. below). b. joined to passive verbs, παρά makes one the author, the giver, etc. (Winers Grammar, 365 (343); Buttmann, § 134, 1); so after ἀποστέλλεσθαι, Joh_1:6 (the expression originates in the fact that one who is sent is conceived of as having been at the time with the sender, so that he could be selected or commissioned from among a number and then sent off); γίνεσθαι, Mat_21:42; Mar_12:11 (παρά κυρίου, from the Lord, by divine agency or by the power at God's command); akin to which is οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ πᾶν ῤῆμα, Luk_1:37 L marginal reading T Tr WH (see ἀδυνατέω, b.); λαλεῖσθαι, Luk_1:45 (not ὑπό, because God had not spoken in person, but by an angel); κατηγορεῖσθαι, Act_22:30 Rec. (not ὑπό (yet so L T Tr WH) because Paul had not yet been formally accused by the Jews, but the tribune inferred from the tumult that the Jews accused him of some crime). c. after verbs of seeking, asking, taking, receiving, buying (cf. Winers Grammar, 370 (347) n.; Buttmann, § 147, 5; yet see Lightfoot on Gal_1:12); as, αἴτω, αἰτοῦμαι, Mat_20:20 (where L Tr text WH text ἀπ' αὐτοῦ); Joh_4:9; Act_3:2; Act_9:2; Jas_1:5; 1Jn_5:15 (where L T Tr WH ἀπ' αὐτοῦ); ζητῶ, Mar_8:11; Luk_11:16; Luk_12:48; λαμβάνω, Mar_12:2; Joh_5:34; Joh_5:41; Joh_5:44; Joh_10:18; Act_2:33; Act_3:5; Act_17:9; Act_20:24; Act_26:10; Jas_1:7; 2Pe_1:17; 1Jn_3:22 (L T Tr WH ἀπ' αὐτοῦ); 2Jn_1:4; Rev_2:28 (27); παραλαμβάνω, Gal_1:12; 1Th_2:13; 1Th_4:1; ἀπολαμβάνω, Luk_6:34 R G LTr marginal reading; κομίζομαι, Eph_6:8; γίνεται μοι τί, Mat_18:19; δέχομαι, Act_22:5; Php_4:18; ἔχω, Act_9:14; ὠνέομαι, Act_7:16; ἀγοράζομαι, Rev_3:18; also after ἄρτον φαγεῖν (namely, δοθεντα), 2Th_3:8; εὑρεῖν ἔλεος, 2Ti_1:18; ἔσται χάρις, 2Jn_1:3. after verbs of hearing, ascertaining, learning, making inquiry; as, ἀκούω τί, Joh_1:40(); ; Act_10:22; Act_28:22; 2Ti_1:13; 2Ti_2:2; πυνθάνομαι, Mat_2:4; Joh_4:52; ἀκριβω, Mat_2:16; ἀπιγινώσκω, Act_24:8; μανθάνω, 2Ti_3:14. d. in phrases in which things are said εἶναι or ἐξέρχεσθαι from one: Luk_2:1; Luk_6:19; Joh_17:7 (see a. above). e. ὁ, ἡ, τό παρά τίνος (see ὁ, II. 8; cf. Buttmann, § 125, 9; Winer's Grammar, § 18, 3); α. absolutely: οἱ παῥ αὐτοῦ, those of one's family, i. e. his kinsmen, relations, Mar_3:21 (Susanna 33; one's descendants (yet here Vulg.qui cure eo erant), 1Ma_13:52; (Josephus, Antiquities 1, 10, 5)); cf. Fritzsche at the passage, p. 101; (Field, Otium Norv. pars 3:at the passage); τά παρά τίνος, what one has beside him, and so at his service, i. e. one's means, resources, Mar_5:26; τά παρά τινων, namely, ὄντα, i. e. δοθεντα, Luk_10:7; Php_4:18; (cf. Winers Grammar, 366 (343); Josephus, Antiquities 8, 6, 6; b. j. 2, 8, 4; etc.). β. where it refers to a preceding noun: ἡ ἐξουσία ἡ παρά τίνος, namely, received, Act_26:12 (R G); ἐπικουρίας τῆς παρά (L T Tr WH ἀπό) τοῦ Θεοῦ, Act_26:22 (ἡ παρά τίνος εὔνοια, Xenophon, mem. 2, 2, 12); ἡ παῥ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη, of which I am the author, Rom_11:27 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 193 (182)). II. with the dative, παρά indicates that something is or is done either in the immediate vicinity of someone, or (metaphorically) in his mind, near by, beside, in the power of, in the presence of, with, the Sept. for ΰΕφΖμ (1Ki_20:1 (); Pro_8:30), αΐΜιΗγ (Gen_44:16; Num_31:49), αΐΜςΕιπΕι (see b. below); cf. Winers Grammar, § 48, d., p. 394f (369); (Buttmann, 339 (291f)). a. near, by: εἱστήκεισαν παρά τῷ σταυρῷ, Joh_19:25 (this is the only passage in the N. T. where παρά is joined with a dative of the thing, in all others with a dative of the person). after a verb of motion, to indicate the rest which follows the motion (cf. Buttmann, 339 (292)), ἔστησεν αὐτό παῥ ἑαυτῷ, Luk_9:47. b. with, i. e. in one's house; in one's town; in one's society: ξενίζεσθαι (which see), Act_10:6; Act_21:16; μένειν, of guests or lodgers, Joh_1:39 (); ; Act_9:43; Act_18:3; Act_18:20 (R G); f; ἐπιμένειν, Act_28:14 L T Tr WH; καταλύειν, Luk_19:7 (Demosthenes, de corona § 82 (cf. Buttmann, 339 (292))); ἀριστᾶν, Luk_11:37; ἀπολείπειν τί, 2Ti_4:13; παρά τῷ Θεῷ, dwelling with God, Joh_8:38; equivalent to in heaven, Joh_17:5; μισθόν ἔχειν, to have a reward laid up with God in heaven, Mat_6:1; εὑρεῖν χάριν (there where God is, i. e. God's favor (cf. Winer's Grammar, 365 (343))), Luk_1:30; a person is also said to have χάρις παρά one with whom he is acceptable, Luk_2:52; τοῦτο χάρις παρά Θεῷ, this is acceptable with God, pleasing to him, 1Pe_2:20 (for αΐΜςΕιπΕι, Exo_33:12; Exo_33:16; Num_11:15); παρά Θεῷ, in fellowship with God (of those who have embraced the Christian religion and turned to God from whom they had before been estranged), 1Co_7:24; παρά κυρίῳ (in heaven), before the Lord as judge, 2Pe_2:11 (G L omit and Tr WH brackets the phrase); παῥ ὑμῖν, in your city, in your church, Col_4:16; with a dative plural equivalent to among, Mat_22:25; Mat_28:15; Rev_2:13; παῥ ἑαυτῷ, at his home, 1Co_16:2. c. παῥ (L Tr WH text ἐν) ἑαυτῷ, with oneself i. e. in one's own mind, διαλογίζεσθαι, Mat_21:25. d. a thing is said to be or not to be παρά τίνι, with one, α. which belongs to his nature and character, or is in accordance with his practice or the reverse; as, μή ἀδικία παρά τῷ Θεῷ; Rom_9:14; add, Rom_2:11; 2Co_1:17; Eph_6:9; Jas_1:17. β. which is or is not within one's power: Mat_19:26; Mar_10:27; Luk_18:27, cf. Luk_1:37 R G L text e. παρά τίνι, with one i. e. in his judgment, he being judge (so in Herodotus and the Attic writings; cf. Passow, under the word, II. 2, vol. ii., p. 667; (Liddell and Scott, under B. II. 3)): παρά τῷ Θεῷ, Rom_2:13; 1Co_3:19; Gal_3:11; 2Th_1:6; Jas_1:27; 1Pe_2:4; 2Pe_3:8 (παρά κυρίῳ); φρόνιμον εἶναι παῥ ἑαυτῷ (A. V. in one's own conceit), Rom_11:25 (where Tr text WH text ἐν); Rom_12:16. III. with an accusative; the Sept. for ΰΕφΖμ, ιΗγ ςΗμ, αΐΜςΕαΖψ (Jos_7:7; Jos_22:7); cf. Winers Grammar, § 49 g., p. 403f (377f); (Buttmann, 339 (292)); 1. properly, of place, at, by, near, by the side of, beside, along; so with verbs of motion: περιπατεῖν παρά τήν θάλασσαν (Plato, Gorgias, p. 511 e.), Mat_4:18; Mar_1:16 (here L T Tr WH παράγω); πίπτειν, Mat_13:4; Mar_4:4; Luk_8:5; Luk_8:41; Luk_17:16; Act_5:10 (where L T Tr WH πρός); σπαρῆναι, Mat_13:19; ῥίπτειν, Mat_15:30; τιθέναι, Act_4:35; Act_4:37 (here Tdf. πρός); ; ἀποτιθεναι, Act_7:58; ἔρχεσθαι, ἐξέρχεσθαι, Mat_15:29; Mar_2:13 (here Tdf. εἰς); Act_16:13; οἱ παρά τήν ὁδόν, namely, πεσόντες, Mar_4:15, cf. Mar_4:4; Luk_8:12; Luk_5:1-39. with verbs of rest: καθῆσθαι, Mat_13:1; Mat_20:30; Luk_8:35; with εἶναι, Mar_5:21; Act_10:6. with verbs denoting the business in which one is engaged, as παιδεύειν in passive, Act_22:3 (so G L T Tr WH punctuate); διδάσκειν, Mar_4:1. without a verb, in specifications of place, Act_10:32; Heb_11:12. 2. beside, beyond, i. e. metaphorically, a. equivalent to contrary to: παρά τήν διδαχήν, Rom_16:17; παῥ ἐλπίδα, literally, beyond hope, i. e. where the laws and course of nature left no room for hope, hence, equivalent to without (A. V. against) hope, Rom_4:18 (in secular authors, of things which happen against hope, beyond one's expectation, cf. Passow, under the word, III. 3, vol. ii, p. 669{b} ; Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 6, 25); παρά τόν νόμοι, contrary to the law, Act_18:13 (παρά τούς νόμους, opposed to κατά τούς νόμους, Xenophon, mem. 1, 1, 18); παῥ ὁ, contrary to that which, i. e. at variance with that which, Gal_1:8 f; παρά φύσιν, Rom_1:26; Rom_11:24 (Thucydides 6, 17; Plato, rep. 5, p. 466 d.); after ἄλλος, other than, different from, 1Co_3:11 (see examples from secular authors in Passow, under the word, III. 3 at the end vol. ii., p. 670{a}); παρά τόν κτίσαντα, omitting or passing by the Creator, Rom_1:25, where others explain it before (above) the Creator, rather than the Creator, agreeably indeed to the use of the preposition in Greek writings (cf. Ast, Lex. Plato, iii., p. 28 (cf. Riddell, Platonic Idioms, § 165 β.; Liddell and Scott, under the word, C. I. 5 d.)), but not to the thought of the passage. except, save, equivalent to if you subtract from a given sum, less: τεσσαράκοντα παρά μίαν, one (stripe) excepted, 2Co_11:24 (τεσσαράκοντα ἐτῶν παρά τριάκοντα ἡμέρας, Josephus, Antiquities 4, 8, 1; παρά πέντε ναῦς, five ships being deducted, Thucydides 8, 29; (παῥ ὀλίγας ψήφους, Josephus, contra Apion 2, 37, 3); see other examples from Greek authors in Bernhardy (1829), p. 258; (Winers Grammar, as above; especially Sophocles Lexicon, under 3)). b. above, beyond: παρά καιρόν ἡλικίας, Heb_11:11; παῥ ὁ δεῖ; (Plutarch, mor., p. 83 f. (de profect. in virt. § 13)), Rom_12:3; equivalent to more than: ἁμαρτωλοί παρά πάντας, Luk_13:2; ἔχρισεν σε ... ἔλαιον ... παρά τούς μετόχους more copiously than (A. V. above) thy fellows, Heb_1:9 (from Psa_44:8 (); ὑψοῦν τινα παρά τινα, Sir_15:5); κρίνειν ἡμέραν παῥ ἡμέραν, to prefer one day to another (see κρίνω, 2), Rom_14:5. Hence, it is joined to comparatives: πλέον παρά τό, Luk_3:13; διαφορώτερον παῥ αὐτούς ὄνομα, Heb_1:4; add, ; see examples from Greek authors in Winer's Grammar, § 35, 2 b. (and as above). Ἐλαττουν τινα παρά, to make one inferior to another, Heb_2:7; Heb_2:9. 3. on account of (cf. Latinpropter equivalent toob): παρά τοῦτο, for this reason, therefore, 1Co_12:15 f; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 49 g. c. IV. In Composition παρά denotes 1. situation or motion either from the side of, or to the side of; near, beside, by, to: παραθαλάσσιος, παράλιος, παροικέω, παρακολουθέω, παραλαμβάνω, παραλέγομαι, παραπλέω, παράγω; of what is done secretly or by stealth, as παρεισέρχομαι, παρεισάγω, παρεισδύω; cf. (the several words and) Fritzsche, Commentary on Romans, vol. i., p. 346. by the side of i. e. ready, present, at hand (παρά τίνι): πάρειμι, παρουσία, παρέχω, etc. 2. violation, neglect, aberration (cf. our beyond or aside equivalent to amiss): παραβαίνω, παραβάτης, παρανομέω, παρακούω, παρίημι, πάρεσις, παραλογίζομαι, παράδοξος, παραφρονία, etc. 3. like the German an (inanreizen, antreiben, etc.): παραζηλόω, παραπικραίνω, παροξύνω, παροργίζω. (Cf. Vig. edition, Herm., p. 650f)

παρά para 194x (1) gen., from, indicating source or origin, Mat_2:4 ; Mat_2:7 ; Mar_8:11 ; Luk_2:1 ; οἱ παρ αὐτοῦ , his relatives or kinsmen, Mar_3:21 ; τὰ παρ αὐτῆς πάντα , all her substance, property, etc., Mar_5:26 . (2) dat., with, in, among, etc., Mat_6:1 ; Mat_19:26 ; Mat_21:25 ; Mat_22:25 ; παρ ἑαυτῷ , at home, 1Co_16:2 ; in the sight o f, in the judgment or estimation of, 1Co_3:19 ; 2Pe_2:11 ; 2Pe_3:8 . (3) acc., motion, by, near to, along, Mat_4:18 ; motion, towards, to, at, Mat_15:30 ; Mar_2:13 ; motion terminating in rest, at, by, near, by the side of, Mar_4:1 ; Mar_4:4 ; Luk_5:1 ; Luk_8:5 ; in deviation from, in violation of, inconsistently with, Act_18:13 ; Rom_1:26 ; Rom_11:24 ; above, more than, Luk_13:2 ; Luk_13:4 ; Rom_1:25 . (4) Misc., after comparatives, Luk_3:13 ; 1Co_3:11 ; except, save, 2Co_11:24 ; beyond, past, Heb_11:11 ; in respect of, on the score of, 1Co_12:15-16

παρά , prep . c . gen ., dat ., acc , with radical sense, beside . I. C. gen . pers ., from the side of, from beside, from , indicating source or origin, [in LXX for H6440 , H3027 , H681 ;] after verbs of motion, Mar_14:43 , Luk_8:49 , Joh_15:26 , al ; after verbs of seeking, receiving, hearing, etc., Mar_8:11 ; Mar_12:2 , Joh_4:9 ; Joh_4:52 ; Joh_10:18 , Php_4:18 , 2Ti_1:18 , Jas_1:7 , al ; after passive verbs, of the agent (like ὑπό ), Mat_21:42 , Mar_12:11 , Luk_1:37 ; absol. , οἱ παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ , his family, his kinsfolk , Mar_3:21 ( cf. M , Pr., 106, 1.; Field, Notes , 25 f .; Swete , in l ); τὰ παρ᾿ αὐτῆς (αὐτῶν , ὑμῶν ), one's means, wealth, Mar_5:26 , Luk_10:7 , Php_4:18 . II. C. dat. pers . ( exc . Joh_19:25 , Papyri τ . σταυρῷ ), by the side of, beside, by, with, [in LXX for H681 , H3027 , αΜΐςΕιπΕι ;] Luk_11:37 ; Luk_19:7 , Joh_1:40 ; Joh_4:40 Act_28:14 , al. ; παρ᾿ ἑαυτῷ , at home, 1Co_16:2 ; c . dat . pl ., among, Mat_22:25 , Col_4:16 , al. ; metaph ., Mat_19:26 , Mar_10:27 , Luk_1:30 , Rom_2:13 , Jas_1:27 , al. III. C . acc , of motion by or towards, [in LXX for H681 , ιΗψ H5921 ), αΜΐςΕαΖψ ;] 1. of place, by the side of, beside, by, along: Act_10:32 , Heb_11:12 ; after verbs of motion, Mat_4:18 , Mar_4:4 , Luk_8:5 , Act_4:35 , al. ; after verbs of rest, Mat_13:1 , Mar_5:21 , Luk_8:35 , al. 2. beside, beyond , metaph .; (a) be\-yond, against, contrary to: Act_18:13 , Rom_1:26 ; Rom_4:18 ; Rom_11:24 , al. ; except, 2Co_11:24 ; (b) beyond, above, in comparison with: Luk_3:13 , Rom_12:3 ; Rom_14:5 , Heb_1:4 ; Heb_1:9 ; Heb_3:3 , al. ; ( c ) on account of: 1Co_12:15-16 . I V. In composition: beside, to (παραλαμβάνω , παράγω ), at hand (πάρειμι ), from (παραρρέω ), amiss (παρακούω ), past (παρέρχομαι ), compared with (παρομοιάζω ), above measure (παροργίζω ).

παρά [page 478] παρά is found in the NT c. gen. (78 times), c. dat. (50 times), and c. acc. (60 times) : see Proleg. p. 106. All these constructions can be freely illustrated from our sources. (1) c. gen. indicating source or origin from the side of, from, used of persons after verbs of receiving etc. : Ostr 1027 .3 (Ptol.) (= LAE , p. 152) ἀπέχω παρὰ σοῦ τὸ ἐπιβάλλον (cf. Luk_15:12 ) μοι ἐκφόριον , I have received from you the fruit that falleth to me, P Petr II. 11 (1) .5 (mid. iii/B.C.) (= Witkowski .2 , p. 8) γίνωσκε δέ με ἔχοντα παρὰ Φιλωνίδου (δραχμὰς ) ο̄ , P Eleph 13 .2 (B.C. 223 2) (= Witkowski .2 , p. 42) παραγενομένου Σανῶτος ἐκομισάμην τὴν παρὰ σοῦ ἐπιστολήν , P Tebt II. 283 .22 (B.C. 93 or 60) τούτου δὲ γενομ [έ ]νου ἔσομαι τετευχὼς [τῆ ]ς παρὰ σοῦ ἀντιλήμψεως , for if this is done I shall have obtained succour from you (Edd.), P Oxy IV. 742 .2 (B.C. 2) παράλαβε παρὰ Πόθου τὸν κάλαμ [ο ]ν πανα [ρ ]ιθμῶι , take over from Pothus the reeds all together (Edd.), P Fay 121 .13 ( c. A.D. 100) καὶ τὸ δ̣[έρ ]μ̣α τοῦ μόσχου . . . αἴτησον πα̣[ρὰ τοῦ ] κυρτοῦ βυρσέως , ask the hunch-backed tanner for the calf s hide, and ib. 93 .6 (A.D. 161) βούλομαι μισθώσασθαι παρὰ σοῦ τὴν μυροπω̣λα̣ι̣κὴν καὶ ἀρομ̣ατικὴν ἐργασίαν , I wish to lease from you your business of perfume-selling and unguent-making (Edd.). For παρά c. gen. to denote the agent, as in Mat_18:19 , cf. Epict. iv. 10. 29 τὰ ἀλλότρια ὄψεται . . . ὡς ἂν δίδωται παρὰ τοῦ ἔχοντος ἐξουσίαν (see Sharp, Epict. p. 92). For a similar use after pass. verbs (like ὑπό : cf. Act_22:30 TR παρά , but ΰ ABC ὑπό ), cf. P Tebt I. 12 .15 (B.C. 118) ἐκομισάμην τὸ παρὰ σοῦ γρ (αφὲν ) ἐπισ (τόλιον ), ib. 34 .6 ( c. B.C. 100) χάριν τοῦ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἀπηγμένου , about the person arrested by him, and the late P Oxy I. 125 .17 (A.D. 560) συγχωρήσω αὐτὴν ὑπομνησθῆναι παρ᾽ οἱουδήποτε προσώπου ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ , I should permit you to be reminded of your suretyship for me by any person whatsoever (Edd.). Οἱ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ is common in the sense of a man s agents or representatives, e.g. P Tor II. 4 .20 (ii/B.C.) μηδένα τῶν παρ᾽ αὐτῶν , no one of those acting for them, P Tebt I. 5 .160 (B.C. 118) οἰκο (νόμοις ) ἢ τοῖς παρ᾽ αὐτῶν , oeconomi or their agents, P Amh II. 41 .4 ( ii/B.C.) πέπομφα τὸν παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ , I have sent my agent and ib. 111 .21 (A.D. 132) καὶ μηδὲν τὸν ὁμολογοῦντα μήτε τοὺς παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐνκαλῖν τοῖς περὶ τὸν Στοτοῆτιν , and that neither he nor his representatives make any claim on Stotoλtis (Edd.). The phrase is also used more generally of a man s neighbours, friends, associates, e.g. P Par 36 .16 (B.C. 163 2) (= UPZ i. p. 138) Ἁρμᾶιν . . τὸν παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ , Harmais who is closely associated with me, ib. 49 .13 ( c. B.C. 161) (= UPZ i. p. 308 f.) οἱ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ γραμματεῖς , ib. 51 .40 (B.C. 159) (= UPZ i. p. 360) εὐφραίνεσθε , οἱ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ πάν [τες , P Amh II. 35 .13 (B.C. 132) τοὺς παρ᾽ ἡμῶν γεωργούς , P Oxy II. 298 .37 (i/A.D.) Σαραπίων καὶ πάντες οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῶν , all of us, and BGU II. 419 .14 (A.D. 277) οὐδεὶς τῶν παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ οὐδὲ τέκνον τ [έ ]κνου . Cf. also Herodas I. 2 with Headlam s note. For a parallel to Mar_3:21 , where the context seems to confine οἱ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ to members of Christ s family (see Swete and Field ad l. ), we may cite P Revill Mιl, p. 295 .7 (B.C. 131 0) καλῶς ποιήσεις παρακαλῶν σαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς πα̣ρ᾽ ἡμῶν , the reference being to the writer s mother and sisters; cf. .13 and see Witkowski, Epp. .2 p. 96. This narrower application may also perhaps be found in P Grenf II. 36 .9 (B.C. 95) ἔρρωμαι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ Ἐσθλύτις . . . καὶ οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῶν πάντες , all our family, and BGU III. 998 ii. 8 (B.C. 101) μήτ᾽ αὐτὸς Ψενμεγχῆς μήδ᾽ ἅλλον μηδένα τῶν παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ . Τὰ παρ᾽ αὐτῆς πάντα , all her means, in Mar_5:26 (cf. Luk_10:7 , Php_4:18 ), may be illustrated from Priene 111 .177 (i/B.C.) ἐδαπάνησεν δὲ παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ μετὰ τῶν συναγωνοθετῶν , ib . 118 .15 (i/B.C.), and C. and B. ii. p. 394. No. 277, where a father stated that he has erected τὸν βω [μὸν σὺν τῷ γρά ]δῳ to his children πα ]ρὰ ἑαυ [τοῦ , at his own expense. Ramsay compares the similar use of παρά on coins. See also the exx. from Josephus in Field, Notes , p. 27. For the neut. art. without a subst. followed by παρά c. gen. cf. P Hib I. 109 .9 (B.C. 247 6) τὸ παρ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν μ̣ετ̣[όχων , with reference to an amount due from them and their partners, and PSI VI. 598 .2 (iii/B.C.) ἀκούσας τὰ παρ᾽ Ἐτεάρχου . (2) c. dat. by, beside, is used only of persons in the NT except in Joh_19:25 , with which we may compare P Oxy I. 120 .23 (ii/A.D.) ἐπεὶ ( l. ἐπὶ ) ξένης καὶ παρὰ τῇ τάξι (= ει ) ὄντα ( l . ὤν ), being a stranger to the place and engaged at his post. See also Kaibel 703 .1 (ii/iii A.D.) ἐννεακαιδεκάμηνος ἐγὼ κεῖμαι παρὰ τύμβῳ . For the ordinary personal use see P Hib I. 147 (early iii/B.C.) σύντασσε [τοὺς ] παρὰ σοὶ φ [ύ ]λακ̣α̣ς̤ φυλάσσειν , P Oxy II. 298 .28 (i/A.D.) παρὰ σοὶ , where you are, P Fay 122 .3 ( c. A.D. 100) τὸ παρὰ σοὶ σί [ν ]απι τὸ ἐν τῶι θησαυρῶι Σοχώτου , the mustard that is with you in the store of Sochotes, P Oxy IX. 1220 .8 (iii/A.D.) πέμψε (= αι ) μοι κέρμα εἰς τὰ γινόμενα παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ ἔργα τῆς κ̣<αρπ >οφορίας , send me some money for the business of harvesting going on here (Ed.), ib. XII. 1593 .15 (iv/A.D.) περὶ ὧν βούλῃς παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ ἀντίγραψόν μοι , and ib. VI. 925 .5 (Christian prayer v/vi A.D.) φανέρωσόν μοι τὴν παρὰ σοὶ ἀλήθιαν . Cf. Herodas V. 61. For the phrase παρὰ τοῖς θεοῖς and its equivalents with verbs of prayer etc. the following exx. may serve BGU II. 632 .6 (ii/A.D.) (= LAE , p.172) μνι̣αν σου ποιοὐμενος (cf. Phm_1:4 ) παρὰ τοῖς [ἐν ]θάδε θεοῖς , P Oxy XII. 1583 .4 (ii/A.D.) τὸ προ [σκ ]ύνημά σ [ο ]υ ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Σ [α ]ρά [πι ]δι , ib. XIV. 1678 .2 (illiterate iii/A.D.) πρὸ μὲν πάντων εὔχομέ σε ὁλοκληρεῖν καὶ ὑειένειν παρὰ τῷ κυρείῳ θεῷ , ib. XII. 1489 .2 (late iii/A.D.) ἄσπα [[ζ ]]σον Φίρμον καὶ Τεκοῦσαν καὶ τοὺς ἡμῶν πάντας παρὰ τοῖς θεοῖς τῆς πόλεως τῶν Ἀντινοαίων , salute Firmus and Tecusa and all our friends before the gods of Antinoφpolis (Edd.), and ib. 1495 .4 (Christian iv/A.D.) πρὸ μὲν πάντων εὔχομαί σοι τὴν ὁλοκληρίαν παρὰ τῷ κ (υρι )ῷ θ (ε )ῷ . See also the note by Ghedini in Aegyptus iii. p. 191 f. (3) c. acc. by, beside, near ; P Eleph 2 .17 (B.C. 285 4) τὴν δὲ συγγραφὴν ἑκόντες ἔθεντο παρὰ συγγραφοφύλακα Ἡράκλειτον , P Lille I. 17 .19 (iii/B.C.) ὁ σῖτος ὁ̣ παρ᾽ ὑμᾶς , P Petr III. 2 .15 (B.C. 236) οὐλὴ ἐπὶ μήλου παρ᾽ ὄφρυν [ἀριστεράν , P Par 47 .7 ( c. B.C. 152 1) (= UPZ i. p. 332, Selections , p. 22) ψευδῆι πάντα καὶ οἱ παρὰ σὲ θεοὶ ὁμοίως , all things are false and your gods with the rest, P Tebt I. 39 .21 (B.C. 114) παρὰ τὸ αὐτόθι Διός ἱερόν , near the. temple of Zeus here (Edd.), and P Oxy XII. 1583 .5 (ii/A.D.) γενοῦ παρὰ Ἰσίδωρον χάριν τοῦ [φαι ]νόλου , go to Isidore for the cloak. For a suggestion that in Act_22:3 ἀνατεθραμμένος δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ παρὰ τοὺς πόδας́ Γαμαλιήλ should be translated in this city I was brought under the influence of Gamaliel, see Exp T xxx. p. 39 f. The temporal use of παρά = during is seen in P Oxy III. 472 .10 ( c. A.D. 130) δύναται μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἄλ̣λ̣α τινὰ λελοι (= υ )πῆσθαι παρὰ τὸν τῆς προνοίας χρόνον , he may indeed have had other troubles during the period of his stewardship (Edd.). In Rom_14:5 ἡμέραν παρ᾽ ἡμέραν , παρά is best understood as= in preference to, the preceding κρίνει being then taken in the sense of estimates, approves of (see SH ad l. ). For the phrase τὸ παρὰ τοῦτο indicating the difference between two figures, see P Hib I. 99 .10 ( c . B.C. 148) with the editors note. (4) Some miscellaneous uses of παρά may be illustrated. For the meaning against, contrary to, as in Act_18:13 , Rom_1:26 al. , cf. P Tebt I. 5 .92 (B.C. 118) τοὺς δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιοῦντας θαν [άτωι ζ ]ημιοῦσθαι , those who disobey this decree are punishable with death (Edd.), ib. .205 τοὺς κεκοφότας τῶν ἰδίων ξύλα παρὰ <τὰ > ἐκ <κ >ε̣ίμενα προστάγματα , those who have cut down wood on their own property in contravention of the published decrees (Edd.), ib. 27 .41 (B.C. 113) τὰ παρὰ τὸ δένιύον κεχειρισμένα , your improper procedure (Edd.); also the common sepulchral inscr., as in C. and B. ii. p. 537, No. 394 .9 εἰ δέ τις παρὰ ταῦτα ποιήσει , ἔστε αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸν κρίτην θεόν . Like the Semitic min , παρά is used of comparison in P Tebt I. 5 .85 (B.C. 118) μι̣ζοσι μέ [τ ]ροις [πα ]ρὰ τ̣ὰ εὔσ <ταθμα >, larger measures than the correct bronze measures, ib. 19 .12 (B.C. 114) σὺ δὲ ὀρθῶς ποιήσεις τὸ προσάγγελμα μὴ ἐλλατώσας παρὰ τὸ πρῶτον , you will be right in not diminishing the report compared with the first one (Edd.) : cf. Luk_13:2 ; Luk_13:4 ; Luk_18:14 , Rom_1:25 ; Rom_12:3 . In MGr παρά and ἀπό are used to express comparison. Παρά on account of, as in 1Co_12:15 f. , meets us in P Oxy XII. 1420 .7 ( c. A.D. 129) οὐ παρ᾽ ἐμὴν δὲ αἰτίαν οὐ κατεχωρίσθησαν , but it is not on account of my fault that they have not been presented (Edd.), P Ryl II. 243 .6 (ii/A.D.) ο̣ὐδε̣, ν̣ παρὰ σὲ γέγονε , nothing has occurred through any fault of yours (Edd.). With this may be compared the use of παρὰ τό c. inf. to denote cause or origin, e.g. P Magd 11 .5 (B.C. 221) παρὰ τὸ δὲ σύνεγγυς εἶναι τὸν Ἀρσι [ν ]οΐτην , because the Arsinoite district was near : see Mayser Gr. II. i. p. 331. In BGU IV. 1079 .16 (A.D. 41) (= Selections , p. 39) παρὰ τάλαντόν σοι πέπρακα τὰ φο [ρτ ]ία μου , the meaning is perhaps not more than I have sold my wares for a talent. For an adverbial use cf. P Grenf II. 36 .3 (B.C. 95) (= Witkowski .2 , p. 119) Παγάνει Πανεβχούνοις καὶ Παθήμει , παρὰ καὶ Πετεαρσεμθεῖ , where παρὰ καί = una et (Witkowski). On the force of παρά in composition, see Proleg. p. 247. As in the case of all the prepositions, reference should be made to the important theses by Kuhring and Rossberg, see under Abbreviations I. Full particulars of NT usage are given in Paul F. Regard s monograph Contribution ΰ l ιtude des Prιpositions dans la langue du Nouveau Testament (Paris, 1919).

παρά "from the side of, c. gen., beside, alongside of, c. dat., to the side of, motion alongside of, c. acc." prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Radical sense "beside": WITH GENIT. "from the side of, from beside: from", φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ Il. commonly of Persons, ἦλθε πὰρ Διός id=Il. ; ἀγγελίη ἥκει παρὰ βασιλῆος Hdt. ; ὁ παρά τινος ἥκων his messenger, Xen. "issuing from" a person, γίγνεσθαι παρά τινος "to be born" from him, Plat. ; when it follows a Noun, a particip. may be supplied, ἡ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων δόξα glory "from (given by)" men, id=Plat. ; τὸ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα "done by" me, Xen. ; παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ διδόναι to give "from" oneself, i. e. "from" one's own "means", Hdt. with Verbs of receiving and obtaining, τυχεῖν τινος παρά τινος Od. ; εὑρέσθαι τι παρά τινος Isocr. ; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν τι παρά τινος Thuc. ; μανθάνειν, ἀκούειν παρά τινος Hdt. with Pass. Verbs, "on the part of" (not, like ὑπό, of the direct agent), παρὰ θεῶν δίδοταί or σημαίνεταί τι Plat. ; τὰ παρά τινος λεγόμενα or συμβουλευόμενα Xen. ; φάρμακον πιεῖν παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ "by" his "prescription", Plat. in poetic passages, for παρά c. dat., "near", πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Pind. ; πὰρ Κυανεᾶν σπιλάδων Soph. ; παρ᾽ Ἰσμηνοῦ ῥείθρων id=Soph. WITH DAT. "beside, alongside of, by", with Verbs implying rest, used to answer the question "where?" of Places, ἧσθαι πὰρ πυρί Od. ; ἑστάναι παρ᾽ ὄχεσφιν Il. ; πὰρ ποσσί "at" one's feet, id=Il. ; παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης id=Il. of persons, κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ id=Il. ; στῆναι παρά τινι to stand "by" him, id=Il. like Lat. apud, French "chez, at" one's "house", μένειν παρά τινι id=Il. ; οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι the people "here", Plat. ; ἡ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν πολιτεία Dem. :—like Lat. apud for "penes, in one's own hands", ἔχειν παρ᾽ ἑωϋτῷ Hdt. Lat. coram, before, in the presence of, ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν Od. : "before" a judge, Hdt. , attic; παρ᾽ ἐμοί, Lat. me judice, Hdt. ; εὐδοκιμεῖν, μέγα δύνασθαι, τιμᾶσθαι παρά τινι "with" one, Plat. WITH ACCUS. "to the side" of an object, or "motion alongside of" it: of Place, with Verbs of coming and going, βῆ παρὰ θῖνα Il. ; παρ᾽ Ἥφαιστον "to" his "chamber", id=Il. ; εἰσιέναι παρά τινα to go "into his house", Thuc. , Plat. with Verbs of rest, "beside, near, by", κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ᾽ ὄχθας lies "stretched beside" the river banks, Il. ; παρ᾽ ἔμ᾽ ἵστασο come and stand "by" me, id=Il. with Verbs of striking, wounding, βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν Il. ; αἰχμὴ δ᾽ ἐξεσύθη παρὰ ἀνθερεῶνα id=Il. with Verbs of "passing by", leaving "on one side", Hom. ; παρὰ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι Xen. "by or beside" the mark, πὰρ δύναμιν "beyond" "one's strength", Il. "contrary to, against", παρὰ μοῖραν "contrary to" destiny, Hom. ; παρ᾽ αἶσαν, παρὰ τὰς σπονδάς Thuc. ; παρὰ δόξαν "contrary to" opinion, id=Thuc. ; παρ᾽ ἐλπίδας Soph. "beside, except", οὐκ ἔστι παρὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἄλλα "beside" this there is nothing else, Ar. ; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα he won the Olympic prize "save in" one conflict, he was "within" one of winning it, Hdt. ; so, παρὰ ὀλίγον "only just", Eur. ; παρ᾽ ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε ἀφελέσθαι was "within" an ace "of" taking away, Thuc. ; παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου came "within" such a degree of peril, i. e. was in such imminent peril, id=Thuc. : —opp. to these phrases is παρὰ πολύ "by" far, δεινότατον παρὰ πολύ Ar. ; παρὰ πολὺ νικᾶν Thuc. :—but παρὰ ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαι, ἡγεῖσθαι to hold "of" small account, Xen. ; παρ᾽ οὐδέν ἐστι are "as" nothing, Soph. with a sense of alternation, παρ᾽ ἡμέραν or παρ᾽ ἦμαρ, doric παρ᾽ ἆμαρ, day "by" day, Pind. , Soph. ; πληγὴ παρὰ πληγήν blow "for" blow, Ar. with a sense of Comparison, παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι men "beyond" all other animals live like gods, Xen. ; χειμὼν μείζω παρὰ τὴν καθεστηκυῖαν ὥραν Thuc. metaph. to denote dependence, "on account of, because of, by means of", παρὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν id=Thuc. ; παρὰ τοῦτο γέγονε Dem. of Time, "along the whole course of, during", παρὰ τὴν ζόην Hdt. ; παρὰ πάντα τὸν χρόνον Dem. ; παρὰ ποτόν "while they were at" wine, Aeschin. "at the moment of", παρ᾽ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα, "flagrante delicto", Dem. POSITION: —παρά may follow its Subst. in all cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα. πάρα (with anastrophe) also stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι. παρά absol., as adv., "near, together, at once", in Hom. IN COMPOS., "alongside of, beside", παράλληλοι, παραπλέω. "to the side of, to", παραδίδωμι, παρέχω. "to one side of, by, past", παρέρχομαι, παρατρέχω. metaph.: "aside", i. e. "amiss, wrong", παραβαίνω, παρακούω. of comparison, παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι. of change, παραλλάσσω, παράφημι.

παρά, prep. with genitive, dative, accusative, with radical sense, beside. __I. C. genitive of person(s), from the side of, from beside, from, indicating source or origin, [in LXX for מֵאֵצֶל ,מִיַד ,מִלִּפְנֵי ;] after verbs of motion, Mrk.14:43, Luk.8:49, Jhn.15:26, al.; after verbs of seeking, receiving, hearing, etc., Mrk.8:11 12:2, Jhn.4:9, 52 10:18, Php.4:18, 2Ti.1:18, Jas.1:7, al.; after passive verbs, of the agent (like ὑπό), Mat.21:42, Mrk.12:11, Luk.1:37; absol., οἱ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ, his family, his kinsfolk, Mrk.3:21 (cf. M, Pr., 106f.; Field, Notes, 25f.; Swete, in l.); τὰ παρ᾽ αὐτῆς (αὐτῶν, ὑμῶν, one's means, wealth, Mrk.5:26, Luk.10:7, Php.4:18. __II. C. dative of person(s) (exc. Jhn.19:25, π. τ. σταυρῷ), by the side of, beside, by, with, [in LXX for בְּעֵינֵי ,בְּיַד ,אֵצֶל ;] Luk.11:37 19:7, Jhn.1:40 4:40, Act.28:14, al.; παρ᾽ ἑαυτῷ, at home, 1Co.16:2; with dative pl., among, Mat.22:25, Col.4:16, al.; metaphorically, Mat.19:26, Mrk.10:27, Luk.1:30, Rom.2:13, Jas.1:27, al. __III. C. accusative, of motion by or towards, [in LXX for בְּעֵבֶר ,עַל יַד ,אֵצֶל ;] __1. of place, by the side of, beside, by, along: Act.10:32, Heb.11:12; after verbs of motion, Mat.4:18, Mrk.4:4, Luk.8:5, Act.4:35, al.; after verbs of rest, Mat.13:1, Mrk.5:21, Luk.8:35, al. __2. beside, beyond, metaphorically; __(a) beyond, against, contrary to: Act.18:13, Rom.1:26 4:18 11:24, al.; except, 2Co.11:24; __(b) beyond, above, in comparison with: Luk.3:13, Rom.12:3 14:5, Heb.1:4, 9 3:3, al.; __(with) on account of: 1Co.12:15, 16. __IV. In composition: beside, to (παραλαμβάνω, παράγω), at hand (πάρειμι), from (παραρρέω), amiss (παρακούω), past (παρέρχομαι), compared with (παρομοιάζω), above measure (παροργίζω). (AS)