οὖν a conjunction indicating that something follows from another necessarily; (others regard the primary force of the particle as confirmatory or continuative, rather than illative; cf. Passow, or Liddell and Scott, under the word; Kühner, § 508, 1 ii., p. 707ff; Bäumlein, p. 173ff; Krüger, § 69, 52; Donaldson, p. 571; Rost in a program Ueber Ableitung, as above, p. 2; Klotz, p. 717; Hartung 2:4). Hence, it is used in drawing a conclusion and in connecting sentences together logically, then, therefore, accordingly, consequently, these things being so ((Klotz, Rost, others, have wished to derive the word from the neuter participle ὄν (cf. ὄντως); but see Bäumlein or Kühner, as above); cf. Winer's Grammar, § 53, 8): Mat_3:10; Mat_10:32 (since persecutions are not to be dreaded, and consequently furnish no excuse for denying me (cf. Winer's Grammar, 455 (424))); Mat_18:4; Luk_3:9; Luk_16:27; Joh_8:38 (καί ὑμεῖς οὖν, and ye accordingly, i. e. 'since, as is plain from my case, sons follow the example of their fathers'; Jesus says this in sorrowful irony (Winer's Grammar, 455 (424))); Act_1:21 (since the office of the traitor Judas must be conferred on another); Rom_5:9; Rom_6:4; Rom_13:10; 1Co_4:16 (since I hold a father's place among you); 2Co_5:20; Jas_4:17, and many other examples As respects details, notice that it stands a. in exhortations (to show what ought now to be done by reason of what has been said), equivalent to wherefore (our transitional therefore): Mat_3:8; Mat_5:48; Mat_9:38; Luk_11:35; Luk_21:14; Luk_21:36 (R G L marginal reading Tr marginal reading); Act_3:19; Act_13:40; Rom_6:12; Rom_14:13; 1Co_16:11; 2Co_8:24; Eph_5:1; Eph_6:14 Php_2:29; Col_2:16; 2Ti_1:8; Heb_4:1; Heb_4:11; Heb_10:35; Jas_4:7; Jas_5:7; 1Pe_4:7; 1Pe_5:6; Rev_1:19 (G L T Tr WH); , and often; νῦν οὖν, now therefore, Act_16:36. b. in questions, then, therefore (Latinigitur); α. when the question is, what follows or seems to follow from what has been said: Mat_22:28; Mat_27:22 (Winer's Grammar, 455 (424)); Mar_15:12; Luk_3:10; Luk_20:15; Luk_20:33; Joh_8:5; τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; Rom_6:1; Rom_7:7; Rom_9:14; τί οὖν φημί; 1Co_10:19; τί οὖν; what then? i. e. how then does the matter stand? (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 64, 2 a.), Joh_1:21 (here WH marginal reading punct. τί οὖν σύ;) Rom_3:9; Rom_6:15; Rom_11:7; also τί οὖν ἐστιν; (what is it then?) Act_21:22; 1Co_14:15; 1Co_14:26. β. when it is asked, whether this or that follows from what has just been said: Mat_13:28; Luk_22:70; Joh_18:39; Rom_3:31; Gal_3:21. γ. when it is asked, how something which is true or regarded as true, or what someone does, can be reconciled with what has been previously said or done: Mat_12:26; Mat_13:27; Mat_17:10 (where the thought is, 'thou commandest us to tell no one about this vision we have had of Elijah; what relation then to this vision has the doctrine of the scribes concerning the coming of Elijah? Is not this doctrine confirmed by the vision?'); Mat_19:7; Mat_26:54; Luk_20:17; Joh_4:11 (Tdf. omits οὖν); Act_15:10 (νῦν οὖν, now therefore, i. e. at this time, therefore, when God makes known his will so plainly); Act_19:3; Rom_4:1 (where the meaning is, 'If everything depends on faith, what shall we say that Abraham gained by outward things, i. e. by works?' (but note the critical texts)); 1Co_6:15; Gal_3:5. δ. in general, it serves simply to subjoin questions suggested by what has just been said: Rom_3:27; Rom_4:9 f.; ; 1Co_3:5, etc. c. in epanalepsis, i. e. it serves to resume a thought or narrative interrupted by intervening matter (Matthiae, 2, p. 1497; (Winers Grammar, 444 (414))), like Latinigitur,inquam, our as was said, say I, to proceed, etc.; Mar_3:31 (R G) (cf. Mar_3:21); Luk_3:7 (cf. Luk_3:3); Joh_4:45 (cf. Joh_4:43); (cf. ); 1Co_8:4; 1Co_11:20 (cf. Joh_11:18); add, Mar_16:19 (Tr marginal reading brackets οὖν); Act_8:25; Act_12:5; Act_13:4; Act_15:3; Act_15:30; Act_23:31; Act_25:1; Act_28:5. It is used also when one passes at length to a subject about which he had previously intimated an intention to speak: Act_26:4; Act_26:9. d. it serves to gather up summarily what has already been said, or even what cannot be narrated at length: Mat_1:17; Mat_7:24 (where no reference is made to what has just before been said (?), but all the moral precepts of the Serm. on the Mount are summed up in a single rule common to all); Luk_3:18; Joh_20:30; Act_26:22. e. it serves to adapt examples and comparisons to the case in hand: Joh_3:29; Joh_16:22; or to add examples to illustrate the subject under consideration: Rom_12:20 Rec. f. In historical discourse it serves to make the transition from one tiring to another, and to connect the several parts and portions of the narrative, since the new occurrences spring from or are occasioned by what precedes (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 60, 3): Luk_6:9 R G; numberless times so in John, as (Lachmann omits); (Tdf. omits); (G T omit), ; , etc. g. with other conjunction οὖν, so then, Latinhincigitur, in Paul; see ἄρα, 5. εἰ οὖν, if then (where what has just been said and proved is carried over to prove something else), see εἰ, III. 12; (εἰ μέν οὖν, see μέν, II. 4, p. 398{b} ). εἴτε οὖν ... εἴτε, whether then ... or: 1Co_10:31; 1Co_15:11. ἐπεί οὖν, since then: Heb_2:14; Heb_4:6; for which also a participle is put with οὖν, as Act_2:30; Act_15:2 (T Tr WH δέ); ; Rom_5:1; Rom_15:28; 2Co_3:12; 2Co_5:11; 2Co_7:1; Heb_4:14; Heb_10:19; 1Pe_4:1; 2Pe_3:11 (WH Tr marginal reading οὕτως). ἐάν οὖν, if then ever, in case then, or rather, therefore if, therefore in case (for in this formula, οὖν, although placed in the protasis, yet belongs more to the apodosis, since it shows what will necessarily follow from what precedes if the condition introduced by ἐάν shall ever take place): Mat_5:23 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 455 (424)); (here Tdf. omits οὖν); ; Luk_4:7; Joh_6:62; Joh_8:36; Rom_2:26; 1Co_14:11; 1Co_14:23; 2Ti_2:21; ἐάν οὖν μή, Rev_3:3; so also ὅταν οὖν, when therefore: Mat_6:2; Mat_21:40; Mat_24:15, and R G in Luk_11:34. ὅτε οὖν, when (or after) therefore, so when: Joh_13:12; Joh_13:31 ((30) Rec.bez elz L T Tr WH); ; equivalent to hence, it came to pass that, when etc., Joh_2:22; Joh_19:6; Joh_19:8. ὡς οὖν, when (or after) therefore: Joh_4:1; Joh_4:40; Joh_11:6; Joh_18:6; Joh_20:11; Joh_21:9; ὡς οὖν, as therefore, Col_2:6. ὥσπερ οὖν, Mat_13:40. μέν οὖν, followed by δέ (cf. Buttmann, § 149, 16), Mar_16:19 (Tr marginal reading brackets οὖν); Joh_19:25; Act_1:6; Act_8:4; Act_8:25; 1Co_9:25, etc.; without an adversative conjunc. following, see μέν, II. 4. νῦν οὖν, see above under a., and b. γ. h. As to position, it is never the first word in the sentence, but generally the second, sometimes the third (sometimes even the fourth, Winer's Grammar, § 61, 6); as (περί τῆς βρώσεως οὖν etc. 1Co_8:4); οἱ μέν οὖν, Act_2:41, and often; πολλά μέν οὖν, Joh_20:30. John uses this particle in his Gospel far more frequently ((more than two hundred times in all)) than the other N. T. writers; in his Epistles only in the following passages: 1Jn_2:24 (where G L T Tr WH have expunged it); Lachmann; 3Jn_1:8. ((From Homer down.))

οὖν oun 499x then, now then, Mat_13:18 ; Joh_19:29 ; then, thereupon, Luk_15:28 ; Joh_6:14 ; therefore, consequently, Mat_5:48 : Mar_10:9 ; it also serves to mark the resumption of discourse after an interruption by a parenthesis, 1Co_8:4 . Sometimes it is not translated.

οὖν , particle expressing consequence or simple sequence (never standing first in a sentence), wherefore, therefore, then: Mat_3:10 , Luk_3:9 , Joh_8:38 , Act_1:21 , Rom_5:9 , al. ; in exhortations, Mat_3:8 , Luk_11:35 , Act_3:19 , Rom_6:12 , al. ; in questions, Mat_13:28 , Mar_15:12 , Joh_8:5 , Rom_6:1 , al. ; con\-tinuing a narrative or resuming it after a digression, Mat_1:17 , Luk_3:18 , Joh_1:22 ; Joh_2:18 (and very freq . in this Gospel), Act_26:22 , al. ; ἄρα οὖν ( see ἄρα ); ἐπεὶ οὖν , Heb_2:14 ; οὖν c . ptcp . ( = ἐπεὶ οὖν ), Act_2:39 , Rom_5:1 , al. ; ἐὰν οὖν (where οὖν rather in sense belongs to the apodosis), Mat_5:23 , Luk_4:7 , Joh_6:62 , Rom_2:26 , al. ; ὡς οὖν , Joh_4:1 , al.

οὖν [page 465] This common particle, which occurs in the NT nearly 500 times, is used in our sources in a variety of connexions, the exact shade of meaning being determined by the context. (1) For the causal meaning therefore we may cite BGU II. 423 .11 (ii/A.D.) (= Selections , p.91) καὶ καλῶς μοί ἐστιν . ἐρωτῶ σε οὖν , κύριέ μου πατήρ , γράψον μοι ἐπιστόλιον πρῶτον μὲν περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας σου . . . , it is well with me. I beg you, therefore, my lord father, write me a letter, first regarding your health . . . , and P Oxy XIV. 1665 .15 (iii/A.D.), where a son in urgent need of oil writes to his father ἀναγκαίως οὖν , ἐὰν ἔτι παρὰ σεαυτῷ χρ [ῖ ]ον ἔχῃς , δήλωσον ἢ τῷ υἱῷ σου ἢ ᾧ ἐὰν σὺ βούλῃ τούτους μοι ἐν τάχει παρα [σ ]χεῖν , perforce, therefore, if you have still with you any unguent, instruct your son or any one else you wish to supply me with them speedily (Edd.). (2) Οὖν is very common in a looser temporal sense, resuming or continuing a narrative, as in P Oxy X. 1293 .7 (A.D. 117 38) κόμισαι παρὰ Σαρᾶτος Μάρκου ἐλαίου ἀφροδ (ισιακοῦ ) καλοῦ μετρητὰς τέσσαρας ἥμισυ· κομισαμένη οὖν δήλωσόν μοι , receive from Saras son of Marcus four and a half metretae of fine aphrodisiac oil; and having done so let me know (Edd.). For the combination μὲν οὖν in the same connexion (as in Act_1:6 ; Act_1:18 ; Act_2:41 , al. ), cf. P Oxy II. 281 .9 (complaint against a husband A.D. 20 50) συνεβίωσα Σαραπίωνι . . . ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ἐπιδεξαμένη αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ τῶν γονέων μου οἰκητήρια λειτὸν παντελῶς ὄντα , ἀνέγκλητον ἐματὴν ἐν ἁπᾶσει παρειχόμην , I married Sarapion . . . as he was destitute of means I received him into my parents house, and I for my part conducted myself blamelessly in all respects (Edd.), ib. 282 .6 (complaint against a wife A.D. 30 35) συνεβίω [σα ] Δημ [η ]τροῦτι Ἡρακλείδου , κα [ὶ ἐ ]γὼ μὲν οὖν ἐπεχορήγησα αὐτῇ τὰ ἑξῆς καὶ ὑπὲρ δύναμιν , I married Demetrous, daughter of Heraclides, and I for my part provided for my wife in a manner that exceeded my resources (Edd.). (3) Οὖν is also used with an intensive force in exhortations, etc. P Lond 28 .4 ( c. B.C. 162) (= I. p. 43) καλῶς οὖν ποισῇς φροτίσαι ( l. φροντίσαι ) μοι σιτάριον , please be sure to look after the grain for me, P Tebt I. 33 .2 (B.C. 112) (= Selections , p. 30) φρόν ]τισον οὖν ἵνα γένη (ται ) ἀκολούθως , take care that action is taken in accordance with it (a letter), P Ryl II. 229 .17 (A.D. 38) παρεδεξάμην σοι πάντα . παρακάλεσον οὖν τὴν γυναῖκά σου τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις ἵνα ἐπιμελῆται τῶν χοιριδίων , I have given you every allowance. Urge your wife from me to look after the pigs (Edd.), BGU I. 37 .5 (A.D. 50) ὅρα οὖν μὴ αὐτὸν κατάσχῃς see then that you do not detain him, and P Oxy I. 115 .11 (letter of consolation ii/ A.D.) (= Selections , p. 96) ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως οὐδὲν δύναταί τις πρὸς τὰ τοιαῦτα . παρηγορεῖτε οὖν ἑαυτούς , but still there is nothing one can do in the face of such trouble. So I leave you to comfort yourselves (Edd ). In drawing attention to this usage, Mantey ( Exp. VIII. xxii. p. 210 f.) thinks that this emphatic sense might be given to οὖν in about 65 places in the NT, e.g. Mat_3:8 ; Mat_3:10 By all means produce fruit worthy of acceptance. . . . Every tree, rest assured , that does not produce good fruit . . . (4) From this is developed a slightly adversative sense in such a passage as P Tebt I. 37 .15 (B.C. 73) ἐγὼ οὖν περισπώμενος περὶ ἀναγκαίων γέγραφά σοι ἵνα ἱκανὸς γένῃ , howbeit as I am occupied with urgent affairs, I have written to you, in order that you may undertake the matter ; cf. Act_25:4 ; Act_28:5 , and Mantey ut s. p. 207 f. (5) Οὖν intensifies the indefiniteness of a preceding pronoun in P Lend 1171 verso ( c ) .8 (A.D. 42) (= III. p. 107) ἢ ὄ̣σ̣τις οὖν τῶν ὑπηρετῶν , P Amh II. 86 .2 (A.D. 78) καθ᾽ ὁνδήποτε οὖν τρόπον , of whatever description, P Ryl II. 243 .9 (ii/A.D.) ὅσα ποτὲ οὖν ἐὰν̣ ἀνανναύλώσῃς ἰς τὴν τοῦ κλήρου κατεργασίαν , ήμεῖν ἐνλόγησον ἐπὶ λόγου , put down to our account everything you expend on the cultivation of the holding (Edd.), and P Par 574 .1240 (iii/A.D.) (= Selections , p. 113) ὅστις ποτ᾽ οὖν εἶ . Λοιπὸν οὖν which is read in 1Th_4:1 ℵ AD, is found in the private letter BGU IV. 1079 .6 (A.D. 41) ἔπεμψά σοι ἄλλας δύο ἐπιστολάς , διὰ Νηδύμου μίαν , διὰ Κρονίου μαχαιροφόρου μίαν . λοιπὸν οὖν ( then at last ) ἔλαβον παρὰ το (ῦ ) Ἄραβος τὴν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ ἀνέγνων καὶ ἐλυπήθην . See further s.v. λοιπός . Οὖν has not survived in MGr.

οὖν "really, at all events", used like γοῦν to dismiss a perplexing subject, οὔτ᾽ οὖν ἀγγελίῃς ἔτι πείθομαι, οὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπάζομαι Od. ; ἐλέχθησαν λόγοι ἄπιστοι μὲν ἐνίοισι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθησαν δ᾽ ὦν but they "really" were spoken, Hdt. ; εἴτ᾽ οὖν, εἴτε μὴ γενήσεται whether it shall be "really so", or no, Eur. ; εἴτ᾽ οὖν ἀληθὲς εἴτ᾽ οὖν ψεῦδος Plat. ; εἰ δ᾽ ἔστιν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔστι, θεός if he is, as he "surely" is, a god, id=Plat. added to indef. Pronouns and Advs., like Lat. cunque, ὅστις "whoever", ὁστισοῦν "whosoever;" ὅπως "how", ὁπωσοῦν "howsoever;" ἄλλος ὁστισοὖν another, "be he who he may;" so, ὁποιοσοῦν, ὁποσοσοῦν, ὁπωσοῦν, ὁποθενοῦν, etc. to continue a narrative, οἱ δ᾽ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν "so" when they were assembled, Il. , etc.:—also to resume after an apodosis, "I say", Hdt. , etc.; Hdt. inserts it between the prep. and its Verb, ἐπεὰν δὲ ταῦτα ποιήσωσι, ἀπ᾽ ὦν ἔδωκαν. in Inferences, "then, therefore", Lat. igitur, Hdt. , etc.; so, δὴ οὖν, οὖν δή Plat.

οὖν, particle expressing consequence or simple sequence (never standing first in a sentence), wherefore, therefore, then: Mat.3:10, Luk.3:9, Jhn.8:38, Act.1:21, Rom.5:9, al.; in exhortations, Mat.3:8, Luk.11:35, Act.3:19, Rom.6:12, al.; in questions, Mat.13:28, Mrk.15:12, Jhn.8:[5], Rom.6:1, al.; continuing a narrative or resuming it after a digression, Mat.1:17, Luk.3:18, Jhn.1:22 2:18 (and very frequently in this Gospel), Act.26:22, al.; ἄρα οὖν (see: ἄρα); ἐπεὶ οὖν, Heb.2:14; οὖν with ptcp. (= ἐπεὶ οὖν), Act.2:30, Rom.5:1, al.; ἐὰν οὖν (where οὖν rather in sense belongs to the apodosis), Mat.5:23, Luk.4:7, Jhn.6:62, Rom.2:26, al.; ὡς οὖν, Jhn.4:1, al. (AS)