Μαριάμ indeclinable, and Μαρία, Μαρίας, ἡ (ξΔψΐιΘν 'obstinacy,' 'rebelliousness'; the well-known proper name of the sister of Moses; in the Targums ξΗψΐιΘν; cf. Delitzsch, Zeitschr. f. luth. Theol. for 1877, p. 2 (Maria is a good Latin name also)), Mary. The women of this name mentioned in the N. T. are the following: 1. the mother of Jesus Christ, the wife of Joseph; her name is written Μαρία (in an oblique case) in Mat_1:16; Mat_1:18; Mat_2:11; Mar_6:3; Luk_1:41; Act_1:14 (R G L); Μαριάμ Mat_13:55; Luk_1:27; Luk_1:30-56 ((in Luk_1:38 L marginal reading Μαρία)); Luk_2:5; Luk_2:16; Luk_2:34; (Act_1:14 T Tr WH); the reading varies between the two forms in Mat_1:20 (WH text Μαρίαν); Luk_2:19 (L T Tr WH text Μαρία); so where the other women of this name are mentioned, (see Tdf. Proleg., p. 116, where it appears that in his text the genitive is always (seven times) Μαρίας; the nominative in Mark always (seven times) Μαρία; that in John Μαριάμ occurs eleven times; Μαρία (or Μαρίαν) only three times, etc.; for the facts respecting the manuscripts, see (Tdf. as above and) WHs Appendix, p. 156); cf. Buttmann, 17 (15). 2. Mary Magdalene (a native of Magdala): Mat_27:56; Mat_27:61; Mat_28:1; Mar_15:40; Mar_15:47; Mar_16:1; Mar_16:9; Luk_8:2; Luk_24:10; Joh_19:25; Joh_20:1; Joh_20:11; Joh_20:16; Joh_20:18. 3. the mother of James the less and Joses, the wife of Clopas (or Alphaeus) and sister of the mother of Jesus: Mat_27:56; Mat_27:61; Mat_28:1; Mar_15:40; Mar_15:47; Mar_16:1; Luk_24:10; Joh_19:25 (see Ἰάκωβος, 2). There are some, indeed, who, thinking it improbable that there were two living sisters of the name of Mary (the common opinion), suppose that not three but four women are enumerated in Joh_19:25, and that these are distributed into two pairs so that ἀδελφή τῆς μητρός Ἰησοῦ designates Salome, the wife of Zebedee; so especially Wieseler in the Theol. Studien und Kritiken for 1840, p. 648ff, (cf. Lightfoots Commentary on Galatians, Diasert. ii., especially, pp. 255f, 264) with whom Lücke, Meyer, Ewald and others agree; in opposed to them cf. Grimm in Ersch and Gruber's Encykl. sect. 2 vol. xxii., p. 1f. In fact, instances are not lacking among the Jews of two living brothers of the same name, e. g. Onias, in Josephus, Antiquities 12, 5, 1; Herod, sons of Herod the Great, one by Mariamne, the other by Cleopatra of Jerusalem, Josephus, Antiquities 17, 1, 3; b. j. 1, 28, 4; (cf. B. D., under the phrase, Mary of Cleophas; Lightfoot as above, p. 264). 4. the sister of Lazarus and Martha: Luk_10:39; Luk_10:42; Joh_11:1-45; Joh_12:3. 5. the mother of John Mark: Act_12:12. 6. a certain Christian woman mentioned in Rom_16:6.

Μαρία Maria 27x Mary, pr. name (1) The mother of Jesus, Mat_1:16 ; Act_1:14 . (2) Mary, wife of Clopas, mother of James, Mar_15:40 ; Luk_24:10 ; Joh_19:25 . (3) Mary Magdalene, Mat_27:56 ; Luk_20:18 . (4) Sister of Martha and Lazarus, Luk_10:39 ; Joh_11:1 ; Joh_12:3 . (5) Mother of Jn. surnamed Mark, Act_12:12 (6) A Christian at Rome, Rom_16:6 Μαριάμ Mariam 27x the indecl. form of Μαρία

Μαρία , -ας (Hellenized form), and Μαριάμ , indecl ., ἡ (Aram. ξΗψΐιΘν ; Heb . (MT) H4813 ), Mary . In NT; 1. the mother of Jesus: Mat_1:16 ff . Mat_2:11 ; Mat_13:55 , Mar_6:3 , Luk_1:27 ff . Luk_2:5 ; Luk_2:16 ; Luk_2:19 ; Luk_2:34 , Act_1:14 . 2. M. Magdalene ( q.v. ). 3. The wife of Clopas ( Joh_19:25 ) and mother of James the little, and Joses: Mat_27:56 ; Mat_27:61 ; Mat_28:1 , Mar_15:40 ; Mar_15:47 ; Mar_16:1 , Luk_24:10 . 4. The sister of Martha and Lazarus: Luk_10:39 ; Luk_10:42 Joh_11:1-2 ; Joh_11:19 ff . Joh_12:3 . 5. The mother of John Mark: Act_12:12 . 6. A Christian greeted by St. Paul: Rom_16:6 (on the signification of the name, v. Zorell , s.v. ; on the use of the alternative forms in NT, DB , iii, 278 bn).†

Μαρία [page 388] Μαρία is the Grecized form of Μαριάμ . For the singularly intricate and perplexing variations between the two forms in the NT see WH Notes .2 , p. 163. Josephus prefers what Deissmann ( Urgeschichte, p. 22) calls die kokettere Grδzisierung Μαριάμ (μ )η . Two instances of Μαρία from ostraca are significant in connexion with the Jewish Diaspora in Egypt. The first is Meyer Ostr 33 (Edfu A.D. 116), a receipt for four drachmae which Μαρία Ἀβιήτου , Mary the daughter of Abietas, has paid by way of Jewish tax Ἰουδ (αίων τελέσματος ). The second, ib. 56 (Thebes ii/A.D.) is a statement of the payment of certain artabae of wheat in the name of Vestidia Secunda (?), represented by Pollia Maria the younger διὰ Πολλία ( l. ίας ) Μαρία ( l. = ίας ) νεωτ ( l. νεωτέρας ) : cf. Deissmann LAE p. 113 f. With ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία in Mat_28:1 we may compare the census paper P Petr III. 59 ( c ) where various names, not duplicated in this document, are followed by ἄλλος or ἄλλη . If only three women arc specified in Joh_19:25 , then two sisters must have borne the same name Mary, which Westcott ( ad l. ) regards as a most unlikely supposition, but it may be noted that in P Petr III. 117 (g) ii. 17f. (Ptol.) mention is made of two brothers both called Μάνρης Μ ]άνρης μικρὸς Τέωτος καὶ Μάνρης ἀδελφὸς ὡσαύτως . The probability, however, is that four women are mentioned, of whom the second is Salome. The rare occurrence of Μαρία and other names of Hebrew origin in early Christian epitaphs may be due to the dislike for the Jews, and the dread of being taken for Jews ( C. and B. ii. p. 524).

Μαρία, -ας (Hellenized form), and Μαριάμ, indecl., ἡ (Aram. מַרְיָם; Heb. מִרְיָם) Mary. In NT; __1. the mother of Jesus: Mat.1:16 ff. Mat.2:11 13:55, Mrk.6:3, Luk.1:27 ff. Luk.2:5, 16 2:19, 34, Act.1:14 __2. M. Magdalene (which see). __3. The wife of Clopas (Jhn.19:25) and mother of James the little, and Joses: Mat.27:56, 61 28:1, Mrk.15:40, 47 16:1, Luk.24:10. __4. The sister of Martha and Lazarus: Luk.10:39, 42 Jhn.11:1-2, 19 ff. Jhn.12:3. __5. The mother of John Mark: Act.12:12. __6. A Christian greeted by St. Paul: Rom.16:6 (on the signification of the name, see Zorell, see word; on the use of the alternative forms in NT, DB, iii, 278 bn).† (AS)