κατά (on its neglect of elision before a vowel see Tdf, Proleg., p. 95; cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; a. 10; WH's Appendix, p. 146a), a preposition denoting motion or diffusion or direction from the higher to the lower; as in classical Greek, joined with the genitive and the accusative. I. With the genitive (Winer's Grammar, § 47, k., p. 381 (357); (B, § 147, 20)); 1. properly, a. down from, down: κατά τοῦ κρημνοῦ, Mat_8:32; Mar_5:13; Luk_8:33; κατεχην κατά τῆς κεφαλῆς (so that it flowed down from his head (cf. Winer's Grammar, 381 (357) note); but it is more correct here to omit κατά with L T Tr WH; see καταχέω), Mar_14:3; hence κατά κεφαλῆς (a veil hanging down from his entry) ἔχων, 1Co_11:4 ((A. V. having his head covered) cf. καταπέτασμα (or rather κάλυμμα (which see), but see ἔχω, I. 1 b.)). b. down upon (down into) anything: Act_27:14 (Winers Grammar, 381 (357) note{1} ; cf. B. D. American edition, under the word ); tropically, ἡ κατά βάθους πτωχεία reaching down into the depth, i. e. deep or extreme poverty, 2Co_8:2 (cf. Strabo 9, 5, p. 419 ἐστι τό μαντεῖον ἄντρον κοῖλον κατά βάθους). c. used of motion or extension through a space from top to bottom; hence through, throughout: in the N. T. (and in Luke's writings; Buttmann, § 147, 20) everywhere with the adjective ὅλος, as καθ' ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου τῆς Ἰουδαίας, τῆς Ἰόππης, Luk_4:14; Luk_23:5; Act_9:31; Act_10:37 (διεσπάρησαν κατά τῆς νήσου, Polybius 3, 19, 7; ἐσκεδάσμενοι κατά τῆς χώρας, 1, 17, 10; 3, 76, 10; μή παραβαίνειν τάς ἁμαροτροχιας, ἀλλά κατ' αὐτῶν ἰέναι, Aelian v. h. 2, 27). 2. metaphorically, a. after verbs of swearing, adjuring (the hand being, as it were, placed down upon the thing sworn by (cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 238; Kühner, § 433 at the end)), by: Mat_26:63; Heb_6:13; Heb_6:16 (Isa_45:23; 2Ch_36:13; Jdt_1:12; Demosthenes 553, 17; 554, 23). b. against (properly, down upon (Winer's Grammar, 382 (358)); Hebrew ςΗμ): opposed to ὑπέρ, Mar_9:40; 2Co_13:8; Rom_8:31; opposed to μετά, Mat_12:30; Luk_11:23; after ἐπιθυμεῖν, Gal_5:17; εἰπεῖν πονηρόν (ῤῆμα), Mat_5:11; λαλεῖν, Act_6:13; Jud_1:15; μαρτυρία, Mar_14:55; Mat_26:59; μαρτυρεῖν, 1Co_15:15 (here many take κατά equivalent to with regard to, of; cf. DeWette at the passage; Lob. ad Phryn., p. 272); ψευδομαρτύρειν, Mar_14:56 f; γογγύζειν, Mat_20:11 (Exo_15:24 Alex.); διδάσκειν, Act_21:28; ψεύδεσθαι, Jas_3:14 (Xenophon, Apology 13); συμβούλιον λαβεῖν or ποιεῖν, Mat_27:1; Mar_3:6; αἰτεῖσθαι τί, Act_25:3; Act_25:15; after verbs of accusing, etc.: ἔχειν τί, Mat_5:23; Mar_11:25; Rev_2:4; Rev_2:14; Rev_2:20; κατηγορεῖν, Luk_23:14; κατηγορία, Joh_18:29 (Tdf. omits κατά); ἐγκάλειν, Rom_8:33; ἐντυγχάνειν τίνι, Rom_11:2; add, Act_24:1; Act_25:2; Jas_5:9; τό χειρόγραφον, Col_2:14; κρίσιν ποιεῖν, Jud_1:15; after verbs of rebelling, fighting, prevailing: Mat_10:35; Mat_12:25; Act_14:2; 1Co_4:6; 2Co_10:5; 1Pe_2:11; (Rev_12:7 Rec.); ἰσχύειν, Act_19:16; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν, Joh_19:11. II. With the accusative; cf. Winers Grammar, § 49 d.; Bernhardy (1829), p. 239ff 1. of place; a. of the place through which anything is done or is extended (properly, down through; opposed to ἀνά, up through): καθ' ὅλην τήν πόλιν κηρύσσειν, Luk_8:39; ἐκφέρειν κατά τάς πλατείας, Act_5:15 (R G); add, Luk_9:6; Luk_13:22; Luk_15:14; Act_8:1; Act_11:1; Act_15:23; Act_21:21; Act_24:5; Act_24:12; Act_27:2; τούς κατά τά ἔθνη (throughout Gentile lands) πάντας Ἰουδαίους, Act_21:21, cf. Grimm on 2Ma_1:1; κατά τήν ὁδόν, along the way i. e. on the journey (Winer's Grammar, 400 (374) note{1} ), Luk_10:4; Act_8:36; Act_25:3; Act_26:13; along (Latinsecundum orpraeter (R. V. off)), πέλαγος τό κατά τήν Κιλικίαν, Act_27:5. b. of the place to which one is brought (down): γενόμενος (Tr WH omit γ.) κατά τόν τόπον (ἐλθών etc.), Luk_10:32 (cf. Field, Otium Norv. Pars iii at the passage); ἐλθόντες κατά τήν Μυσίαν, Act_16:7; κατά τήν Κνίδον, Act_27:7; κατ' αὐτόν (came) to him, i. e. to the place where he was lying, Luk_10:33. c. of direction; toward: Λιβύη ἡ κατά Κυρήνην, that Libya which lay toward Cyrene, i. e. Libya of Cyrene (i. e. the chief city of which was Cyrene), Act_2:10; βλέπειν, to look, lie toward (see βλέπω, 3), Act_27:12; πορεύεσθαι κατά μεσημβρίαν, Act_8:26; κατά σκοπόν, toward the goal, my eye on the goal, Php_3:14. against (Latinadversus with the accusative); over against, opposite: κατά πρόσωπον, to the face, Gal_2:11 (see πρόσωπον, 1 a.); equivalent to present, Act_25:16 (A. V. face to face); 2Co_10:1; with the genitive of person added, before the face of, in the presence of, one: Luk_2:31; Act_3:13; τά κατά πρόσωπον, the things that are open to view, known to all, 2Co_10:7; κατ' ὀφθαλμούς, before the eyes, Gal_3:1; here, too, according to some (cf. Winer's Grammar, 400 (374) note{3} ) belongs κατά Θεόν, Rom_8:27, but it is more correctly referred to 3 c. α. below. d. of the place where: κατ' οἶκον (opposed to ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ), at home, privately (Winer's Grammar, 400 (374) note{1} ), Act_2:46; Act_5:42. e. of that which so joins itself to one thing as to separate itself from another; our for, by: κατ' ἰδίαν, apart, see ἴδιος, 2; καθ' ἑαυτόν, alone (by himself), Act_28:16; Jas_2:17 (R. V. in itself) (2Ma_13:13; οἱ καθ' αὑτούς Ἕλληνες, Thucydides 1, 138; οἱ Βοιωτοι καθ' αὑτούς, Diodorus 13, 72; other examples are given by Alberti, Observations, etc., p. 293; Loesner, Observations, e Philone, p. 460f); ἔχειν τί καθ' ἑαυτόν, to have a thing by and to oneself, i. e. to keep it hidden in one's mind, Rom_14:22 (Josephus, Antiquities 2, 11, 1; Heliodorus 7, 16; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 401 (375) note{1} )); hence, of that which belongs to some person or thing: κατά τήν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν, belonging to (A. V. in) the church that was there, Act_13:1; ἡ ἐκκλησία κατ' οἶκον τίνος, belonging to one's household (see ἐκκλησία, 4 b. aa.); hence it forms a periphrasis now for the genitive, as τά κατά Ἰουδαίους ἔθη (equivalent to τῶν Ἰουδαίων), Act_26:3; now for the possessive pronoun, οἱ καθ' ὑμᾶς ποιηταί, your own poets, Act_17:28 (here WH marginal reading καθ' ἡμᾶς, see their Introductory § 404); νόμου τοῦ καθ' ὑμᾶς (a law of your own), Act_18:15; τό κατ' ἐμέ πρόθυμον, my inclination, Rom_1:15 (see πρόθυμος); ἡ καθ' ὑμᾶς πίστις, Eph_1:15 (ἡ κατά τόν τύραννον ὠματης τέ καί δύναμις, Diodorus 14, 12; μέχρι τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς χρόνων, Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 2, 1; cf. Grimm on 2Ma_4:21, p. 88; a throng of examples from Polybius may be seen in Schweighaeuser, Lex. Polybius, p. 323f; (cf. Winers Grammar, 154 (146); 400 (374) note{2} ; especially Buttmann, § 132, 2)). 2. of Time (cf. Winers Grammar, 401 (374)); during, about; Latintempore: κατ' ἐκεῖνον, or τοῦτον τόν καιρόν, Act_12:1; Act_19:23; Rom_9:9; Heb_9:9 (R G); κατά τό αὐτό, at the same time, together, Act_14:1 (see αὐτός, III. 1); κατά τό μεσονύκτιον, Act_16:25; κατά μέσον τῆς νυκτός, Act_27:27; (possibly also κατά μεσημβρίαν, at noon, Act_8:26 (see μεσημβρία, b.)); κατά καιρόν, see καιρός, 2 a.; κατ' ἀρχάς (Herodotus 3, 153), in the beginning (of things), Heb_1:10; κατά τήν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ, Heb_3:8 (as the Sept. in this passage have rendered the preposition λΐΜ in the context by ὡς (ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ, Psa_94:8 ()), some would take it and κατά here equivalent to like as in the day etc.; Vulg.secundum); κατά πᾶν σάββατον, Act_13:27; Act_15:21; Act_18:4; καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, Heb_3:13; κατά μῆνα (ἕνα) ἕκαστον, Rev_22:2; κατ' ὄναρ, during a dream, see ὄναρ. 3. it denotes reference, relation, proportion, of various sorts; a. distributively, indicating a succession of things following one another (Winers Grammar, 401 (374); Buttmann, § 147, 20); α, in reference to place: κατά πόλιν, in every city (city by city, from city to city), Luk_8:1; Luk_8:4; Act_15:21; Act_20:23; Tit_1:5 (Thucydides 1, 122); κατ' ἐκκλησίαν, in every church, Act_14:23; with the plural, κατά πόλεις, Luk_13:22; κατά τάς κώμας, Luk_9:6 (Herodotus 1, 96); κατά τόπους, Mat_24:7; Mar_13:8; Luk_21:11; κατά τάς συναγωγάς, in every synagogue, Act_22:19; (cf. κατά τούς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος, Act_8:3). β. in reference to time: κατ' ἔτος, yearly, year by year, Luk_2:41; also κατ' ἐνιαυτόν (see ἐνιαυτός); καθ' ἡμέραν etc., see ἡμέρα, 2, p. 278{a} ; κατά μίαν σαββάτου (R G σαββάτων), on the first day of every week, 1Co_16:2; κατά ἑορτήν, at any and every feast, Mat_27:15; Mar_15:6; Luk_23:17 (Rec.; cf. Buttmann, § 133, 26. Others understand the phrase in these passages (contextually) "at or during (see 2 above) the feast," viz. the Passover; cf. Winer's Grammar, 401 (374)). γ. universally: καθ' ἕνα πάντες, all one by one, successively, 1Co_14:31, see more fully in εἷς, 4 c.; κατά δύο, by two, 1Co_14:27; κατά ἑκατόν καί κατά πεντήκοντα, by hundreds and by fifties, Mar_6:40 L T Tr WH; κατά μέρος, severally, singly, part by part, Heb_9:5 (Herodotus 9, 25; Xenophon, anab. 3, 4, 22); κατ' ὄνομα, by name, i. e. each by its own name (Vulg.nominatim (orper nomen)): Joh_10:3; 3 John 1:15 (14); cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 858f. b. equivalent to the Latinratione habita alicuius rei vel personae; as respects; with regard to; in reference to; so far as relates to; as concerning; (Winer's Grammar, 401 (375)): κατά σάρκα or κατά τήν σάρκα, as to the flesh (see σάρξ (especially 2b.)), Rom_1:3; Rom_9:3; Rom_9:5; 1Co_1:26; 1Co_10:18; 2Co_11:18; οἱ κύριοι κατά σάρκα (Luther well,die leiblichen Herren), in earthly relations, according to the arrangements of society, Eph_6:5; κατά τό εὐαγγέλιον, κατά τήν ἐκλογήν, Rom_11:28; add, Rom_1:4; Rom_7:22; Php_3:5; Heb_9:9; τά κατά τινα, one's affairs, one's case, Act_24:22; Act_25:14; Eph_6:21; Php_1:12; Col_4:7 (and very often in classical Greek); κατά πάντα τρόπον, in every way, in every respect, Rom_3:2; the opposite κατά μηδένα τρόπον, in no wise, 2Th_2:3; κατά πάντα, in all respects, in all things, Act_17:22; Col_3:20; Col_3:22; Heb_2:17; Heb_4:15 (Thucydides 4, 81). c. according to, agreeably to; in reference to agreement or conformity to a standard, in various ways (Winer's Grammar, 401 (375)); α. according to anything as a standard, agreeably to: περιπατεῖν κατά τί, Mar_7:5; Rom_8:1 (Rec.), ; ; 2Th_3:6; Eph_2:2; ζῆν κατά, Act_26:5; Rom_8:12 f; πορεύεσθαι, 2Pe_3:3; ἀποδιδόναι τίνι, Mat_16:27, etc. (see ἀποδίδωμι, (especially 4)); λαμβάνειν, 1Co_3:8; so with many other verbs a thing is said to be done or to occur κατά, as in Luk_2:27; Luk_2:29; Joh_7:24; Col_2:8; Col_3:10; 1Ti_1:18; Heb_7:15; Heb_8:5; Heb_8:9; 1Jn_5:14, etc.; (on the phrase κατ' ἄνθρωπον, see ἄνθρωπος, especially 1 c.; (cf. ἐ. below; Winer's Grammar, 402 (376))); κατά τήν γραφήν, τάς γραφάς, Jas_2:8; 1Co_15:3 f.; κατά τό γεγραμμένον, 2Co_4:13; κατά τό εἰρημένον, Rom_4:18; κατά τόν νόμον, Luk_2:39; Joh_18:31; Joh_19:7; Heb_9:22; κατά τό εὐαγγέλιον μου, Rom_2:16; Rom_16:25; 2Ti_2:8, cf. 1Ti_1:11; κατά τό ὡρισμένον, Luk_22:22; καθ' ὁμοίωσιν Θεοῦ, Jas_3:9; κατά λόγον rightly, justly (A. V. reason would etc.), Act_18:14; κατά τινα, agreeably to the will of anyone, as pleases him (Winer's Grammar, 401f (375)): so κατά Θεόν, Rom_8:27 (cf. 1 c. above); 2Co_7:9; 2Co_7:11; κατά Χρσιτον Ἰησοῦν, Rom_15:5; κατά κύριον, 2Co_11:17; κατά τόν καθαρισμόν, after the manner of purifying, as the rite of purification prescribed, Joh_2:6; οἱ κατά σάρκα ὄντες, who bear, reflect, the nature of the flesh, equivalent to οἱ σαρκικοί, and οἱ κατά πνεῦμα ὄντες equivalent to οἱ πνευματικοί, Rom_8:5; κατά τί γνώσομαι; in accordance with what criterion i. e. by what sign shall I know? Luk_1:18. Here belongs the use of the preposition in the titles of the records of the life of Christ: εὐαγγέλιον (which word the Sinaiticus and Vaticanus manuscripts omit) κατά Ματθαῖον, Μᾶρκον, etc., as Matthew etc. composed or wrote (it). This use of the preposition was not primarily a mere periphrasis for the genitive (Ματθαιου, etc., see II. 1 e. above), but indicated that the same subject had been otherwise handled by others, cf. ἡ παλαιά διαθήκη κατά τούς ἑβδομήκοντα (in tacit contrast not only to the Hebrew text, but also to the Greek translations made by others); οἱ ὑπομνηματισμοι οἱ κατά Νημιαν, 2Ma_2:13 (see Grimm at the passage). Subsequently κατά with an accusative of the writer came to take the place of the genitive, as ἡ κατά Μωϋσέα πεντάτευχος in Epiphanius (haer. 8, 4. Cf. Winers Grammar, 402 (375); Buttmann, 3; 157 (137); and see, further, Sophocles' Lexicon, under the word εὐαγγέλιον, James Morison, Commentary on Matthew, Introductory § 4). β. in proportion to, according to the measure of: χαρίσματα κατά τήν χάριν τήν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα, Rom_12:6; κατά τό μέτρον, 2Co_10:13; Eph_4:7; κατά τήν σκληρότητά σου, Rom_2:5; κατά τόν χρόνον, Mat_2:16; ἑκάστῳ κατά τήν ἰδίαν δύναμιν, Mat_25:15; without the article κατά δύναμιν, 2Co_8:3 (opposed to ὑπέρ δύναμιν, as Homer, Iliad 3, 59 κατ' Αισαν, ὀυδ' ὑπέρ Αισαν); καθ' ὅσον, by so much as, inasmuch as, Heb_3:3; Heb_7:20; Heb_9:27; κατά τοσοῦτο, by so much, Heb_7:22. γ. used of the cause; through, on account of, from, owing to (in accordance with i. e. in consequence of, by virtue of) (Winer's Grammar, 402 (376)): κατά πᾶσαν αἰτίαν, (for every cause), Mat_19:3; κατά τήν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ, 1Co_3:10; 2Th_1:12; 2Ti_1:9 (κατά τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ πρόνοιαν, Josephus, Antiquities 20, 8, 6); κατά χάριν, Rom_4:16; also opposed to κατά ὀφείλημα (R. V. as of ... as of), Rom_4:4; οἱ κατά φύσιν κλάδοι, the natural branches, Rom_11:21 (cf. Buttmann, 162 (141)); ἡ κατά φύσιν ἀγριλαιος, the natural wild olive tree, Rom_11:24; ἡ κατά πίστιν δικαιοσύνη, righteousness proceeding from faith, Heb_11:7; add, Rom_8:28; Rom_9:11; Rom_11:5; Rom_16:25; 1Co_12:8; 2Co_13:10; Gal_2:2; Gal_3:29; Eph_1:5; Eph_1:7; Eph_1:9; Eph_1:11; Eph_1:19; Eph_3:7; Eph_3:11; Eph_3:16; Eph_3:20; Col_1:11; Col_1:29; Php_1:20; Php_3:21; Php_4:11; Php_4:19; 2Th_1:12; 2Th_2:9; 2Ti_1:8; Heb_2:4; Heb_7:16; Tit_1:3; 1Pe_1:3; 2Pe_3:15. adverbial phrases (Winer's Grammar, § 51, 2 g.): κατ' ἐξουσίαν (with authority), Mar_1:27; κατ' ἀνάγκην, κατά ἑκούσιον (q. v) (of necessity, of free will), Phm_1:14; κατά γνῶσιν, 1Pe_3:7; κατ' ἐπίγνωσιν, Rom_10:2 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 403 (376)); κατά ἄγνοιαν (in ignorance), Act_3:17. δ. of likeness; as, like as: συντελέσω ... διαθήκην καινήν, οὐ κατά τήν διαθήκην κτλ., Heb_8:8 f (1Ki_11:10); so with the accusative of a person (cf. under α. above), Gal_4:28; 1Pe_1:15; κατά Θεόν, after the image of God, Eph_4:24; κρίνεσθαι κατά ἀνθρώπους, ζῆν κατά Θεόν, to be judged as it is fit men should be judged, to live as God lives, 1Pe_4:6. Hence, it is used ε. of the mode in which a thing is done; of the quality: ἄνδρες οἱ κατ' ἐξοχήν τῆς πόλεως, the principal men of the city, Act_25:23; καθ' ὑπομένην ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ, equivalent to ὑπομένοντες ἐν ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ (by constancy in well-doing), Rom_2:7; especially in adverbial phrases: κατά ταῦτα in (or after) the same (or this) manner, Luk_6:23 (L text T Tr WH κατά τά αὐτά, L marginal reading κατά ταῦτα) (26 (editions as before)); Luk_17:30 (T Tr WH κατά τά αὐτά, G L κατά ταῦτα); καθ' ὑπερβολήν, Rom_7:13; 1Co_12:31, etc. (cf. Winers Grammar, 466 (434); Buttmann, 96 (84)); κατά πίστιν equivalent to πιστεύοντες (A. V. in faith; cf. Winer's Grammar, 403 (376)), Heb_11:13; κατά συγγνώμην, οὐ κτἀ ἐπιταγήν, by way of concession, not by way of commandment, 1Co_7:6, cf. 2Co_8:8; κατά κράτος, Act_19:20; καθ' ὁμοιότητα, Heb_4:15; on the phrase κατά ἄνθρωπον see ἄνθρωπος, 1 c. (cf. α. above). d. of the end aimed at; the goal to which anything tends; (Latinad (Winer's Grammar, 402f (376))): κατ' ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς, to proclaim life, 2Ti_1:1 (but see ἐπαγγελία, 1); κατ' εὐσέβειαν, tending to godliness (1Ti_6:3; Tit_1:1) (see εὐσέβεια; (yet others refer these examples and that which follows, to the use set forth above, in c.)); κατά πίστιν, to awaken, produce faith, Tit_1:1 (examples of this use of κατά from Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, may be seen in Passow, under the word II. 3, p. 1598{b} ; (Liddell and Scott, under the word B. III. 1); cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 632; Kühner, ii., p. 412); many refer to this head also κατ' ἀτιμίαν (to my dishonor (Winer's Grammar, 402f (376))) λέγω, 2Co_11:21 (κατ' τήν τιμήν τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν, to the honor of God, Josephus, Antiquities 3, 11, 4); but see ἀτιμία. III. In Composition κατά denotes, 1. from, down from, from a higher to a lower place: with special reference to the terminus from which, as καταβαίνω, καταβιβάζω, etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 431 (401f)); with more prominent reference to the lower terminus (down), as καταβάλλω, καταπατέω, etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, as above); also of the situation or local position, as κατάκειμαι, καθεύδω, κατατίθημι, καθίζω, etc. from top to bottom, metaphorically, of things done with care, thoroughly, as καταμανθάνω, καθοράω, etc. 2. in succession, in course: καθξης; one part after another, καταρτίζω, κατευθύνω, etc. 3. under, underneath: καταχθόνιος; the idea of putting under resides in verbs denoting victory, rule, etc., over others, as katadunasteuoo], κατακυριεύω, κατεξουσιάζω, καταδουλόω; likewise in verbs naming that with which anything is covered, concealed, overwhelmed etc., as κατακαλύπτω, καταλιθάζω, κατασφραγίζω, κατασκιάζω, καταισχύνω (where the German uses the prefixüber (English over), asüberschatten, überdecken, or the syllablebe, asbeschatten, besiegeln); also in adjj. denoting an abundance of that with which a thing is filled up or as it were covered up; see below in κατείδωλος. 4. like the German ver-,zer-, it denotes separation, dissolution, in verbs of wasting, dissolving, etc., as κατακόπτω, κατάγνυμι, κατακαίω, κατακλάω, καταλύω, κατακλύζω, καταναλίσκω, καταφθείρω, etc. 5. equivalent to after, behind: καταδιώκω, καταλείπω, κατακολουθέω, etc. 6. used of proportion and distribution, as κατακληροδοτέω, κατακληρονομέω, etc. 7. of hostility, against etc.: καταδικάζω, κατακρίνω, καταλαλέω, καταγινώσκω, etc. Cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 637ff (On the construction of verbs compounded with κατά, see Winers Grammar, as above; cf. Buttmann, 165 (143f).)

κατά kata 473x down from, Mat_8:32 ; down upon, upon, Mar_14:3 ; Act_27:14 ; down into; κατὰ βάθους , profound, deepest, 2Co_8:2 ; down over, throughout a space, Luk_4:14 ; Luk_23:5 ; concerning, in cases of pointed allegation, 1Co_15:15 ; against, Mat_12:30 ; by, in oaths, Mat_26:63 ; with an acc. of place, in the quarter of, about, near, at, Lk. 10;32; Act_2:10 ; throughout, Luk_8:39 ; in, Rom_16:5 ; among, Act_21:21 ; in the presence of, Luk_2:31 ; in the direction of, towards, Act_8:26 ; Php_3:14 ; of time, within the range of; du ring, in the course of, at, about, Act_12:1 ; Act_27:27 ; distributively, κατ οἶκον , by houses, from house to house, Act_2:46 ; kata; duvo, two and two, 1Co_14:27 ; καθ ἡμέραν , daily, Mat_26:55 ; trop., according to, conformable to, in proportion to, Mat_9:29 ; Mat_25:15 ; after the fashion or likeness of. Heb_5:6 ; in virtue of, Mat_19:3 ; as respects, Rom_11:3 ; Acts 25; Acts 14; Heb_9:9

καπά (bef. a vowel κατ᾿ , καθ᾿ ; on the freq . neglect of elision, v. Tdf., Pr. , 95; WH , App ., 146a), prep . c . gen ., acc , down, downwards. I. C. gen . ( WM , § 47, k; B1., § 42, 2). 1. C. gen . rei , in local sense; (a) down, down from: Mat_8:32 , Mar_5:13 , Luk_8:33 , 1Co_11:4 ; (b) through\-out (late usage; B1., l.c .): κ . ὅλης κ .τ .λ ., Luk_4:14 ; Luk_23:5 , Act_9:31 ; Act_10:37 ; (c) in a peculiar adjectival phrase: ἡ κ . βάθους πτωχεία , deep or extreme poverty, 2Co_8:2 . 2. C. gen . pers ., usually in hostile sense; (a) against (in cl . only after verbs of speaking, witnessing, etc.): opp . to ὑπέρ , Mar_9:40 ; μετά , Mat_12:30 ; after ἐπιθυμεῖν , Gal_5:17 ; λαλεῖν , Act_6:13 ; διδάσκειν , Act_21:28 ; ψεύδεσθαι , Jas_3:14 ; after verbs of accusing, etc., Mat_5:23 , Luk_23:14 , Rom_8:33 , al. ; verbs of fighting, prevailing, etc., Mat_10:35 , Act_14:2 , 1Co_4:6 , al. ; (b) of swearing, by: ὄμνυμι κ . Bl., § 34, 1), Heb_6:13 ; Heb_6:16 , cf. Mat_26:63 . II. C . acc ( WM , § 49 d; B1., § 42, 2). 1. Of motion or direction; (a) through, throughout: Luk_8:39 ; Luk_9:6 ; Luk_10:4 , Act_8:1 ; Act_8:36 al. ; (b) to, towards, over against: Luk_10:32 ( Field, Notes , 62), Act_2:10 ; Act_16:7 , Gal_2:11 , Php_3:14 , al. ; (c) in adverbial phrases, at, in, by, of: κατ᾿ οἶκον , at home, Act_2:46 ; κατ᾿ ἰδίαν ( see ἴδιος ); καθ᾿ ἑαντόν , Act_28:16 , Rom_14:22 , Jas_2:17 ; c . prop . pers ., Act_17:28 ; Act_18:15 , Rom_1:15 , Eph_1:15 , al. 2. Of time, at, during, about: Act_8:26 ; Act_12:1 ; Act_19:23 , Rom_9:9 , Heb_1:10 , al. 3. Dis\-tributive; (a) of place: κ . τόπους , Mat_24:7 , al. ; κ . πόλιν , Luk_8:1 ; Luk_8:4 al. ; κ . ἐκκλησίαν , Act_14:23 ; (b) of time: κ . ἔτος , Luk_2:41 ; ἑορτήν , Mat_27:15 , al. ; ( c ) of numbers, etc.: καθ᾿ ἕνα πάντες , 1Co_14:31 (on καθ᾿ εἷς , see εἷς ); κ . ἑκατόν , Mar_6:40 ; κ . μέρος , Heb_9:5 ; κ . ὄνομα , Joh_10:3 . 4. Of fitness, reference, conformity, etc.; (a) in relation to, concerning: Rom_1:3-4 ; Rom_7:22 ; Rom_9:3-5 , 1Co_1:26 ; 1Co_10:18 , Php_1:12 ; κ . πάντα , Act_17:22 , Col_3:20 ; Col_3:22 Heb_2:17 ; Heb_4:15 ; (b) according to, after, like: Mar_7:5 , Luk_2:27 ; Luk_2:29 , Joh_7:24 , Rom_8:4 ; Rom_14:15 , Eph_2:2 , Col_2:8 , Jas_2:8 , al. III. In composition, κ . denotes, 1. down, down from (καταβαίνω , etc.), hence, metaph .; (a) victory or rule over (καταδουλόω , -κυριεύω , etc.); (b) "perfective" action ( M , Pr., 111 ff .). 2. under (κατακαλύπτω , etc.). 3. in succession (καθεξῆς ). 4. after, behind (καταλείπω ). 5. Hostility, against (καταλαλέω ).

κατά [page 322] κατά , the favourite preposition of Polybius, by whom it is often used in place of ἐν , εἰς , and περί (Krebs Prδp. p. 4), is also found with considerable variety of application in the NT, where it occurs 73 times c. gen., and 391 times c. acc. (cf, Proleg. p. 105). Brugmann ( Kurze Vergleichende Grammatik , p. 479) considers that the earliest use of the word was along something, so as to remain in connexion and contact with the object, and from this most of the senses found in the NT can be derived. I. (1) Turning to the construction c. gen. we find that the meaning along has passed into down, a usage not found in MGr, in such passages as P Petr II. 18( 2b ) .15 (B.C. 246) ἐπιπεσὼν ἔτυπτεν [αὐ ]τ [ὸ ]ν κατὰ τοῦ τραχήλου , Chrest. I. 499 .5 (ii/iii A.D.) the body of a mummy ἔχων τάβλαν κατὰ τοῦ τραχήλου : cf. Mat_8:32 , 1Co_11:4 , 2Co_8:2 . (2) This in turn becomes against, as in Mat_10:35 , Mar_14:55 , e.g. P Eleph 1 .14 (B.C. 311 0) (= Selections , p. 4) ὅπου ἂν ὲπεγφέρηι Ἡρακλεῖδης κατὰ Δημητρίας ἢ Δημητρία τε καὶ τοὶ μετὰ Δημητρίας πράσσοντες ἐπεγφέρωσιν κατὰ Ἡρακλείδου , wheresoever Heraclides brings the charge against Demetria, or Demetria and those acting with Demetria bring the charge against Heraclides, P Petr II. 2 (2) .2 (B.C. 260) ἐκόμισέν μοι Δωρίμαχος ἔντευξιν κεχρηματισμένη [ν ] κατὰ Διονυσίου , Dorimachus brought me an official (or certified) petition against Dionysius (Ed.), P Par 45 .7 (B.C. 153) προσέχων , μὴ εὕρῃ τι κατά σου ἰπῖν , P Tebt I. 7 .3 (B.C. 114) ἐγκλήματα κατὰ τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων τῆι διοικήσει , complaints against subordinates of the finance administration, P Fay 12 .8 ( c. B.C. 103) ἐπέδωκα κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ περὶ τούτ̣ω̣[ν ] τὰς εἰθισμένας προσαγγελίας , I made the customary charges against him on these counts (Edd.), P Oxy VI. 898 .34 (A.D. 123) κατ᾽ αὐτῆς προελθεῖν , to proceed against her. This usage, which is only figurative in good Attic writers, is common in the Κοινή throughout the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, as the above exx. show : it is, however, lost in MGr (Thumb Handbook, p. 106). (3) By a usage which in the NT is confined to Luke. ( Luk_4:14 al. ), and is always associated with ὅλος , κατά has also the force of throughout as in P Giss I. 48 .8 (A.D. 202 3) κατὰ κυριακῆς γῆς : cf. Polyb. iii. 19. 7 κατὰ τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν . The phrase καθ᾽ ὕδατος is frequent with reference to land under water, e.g. BGU II. 571 .11 (ii/A.D.) (as amended Archiv i. p. 151 n. .8 ) ἀβρόχου καὶ καθ᾽ ὕδ (ατος ), P Oxy VI. 918 xi. 13. al. (ii/A.D.) αἱ οὖσ (αι ) καθ᾽ ὕδ (ατος ), of certain flooded arourae. (4) Good exx. of the prep, in asseverations, oaths, as in Mat_26:63 , 1Co_15:15 , Heb_6:13 ; Heb_6:16 , are afforded by P Par 63 .39 (B.C. 164) (= P Petr III. p. 20) λ̣α̣βεῖν μὴ μόνον ἐπὶ τῶ [ν ] θεῶν ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ̣ τῶν βασιλέων , to exact oaths from you not only by the gods, but also by the kings (Mahaffy), P Par 574 .1240 (iii/A.D.) (= Selections , p. 113) ἐξορκίζω σε δαῖμον , ὅστις ποτ᾽ οὖν εἷ , κατὰ τούτου τοῦ θεοῦ σαβαρβαρβαθιωθ , I adjure thee, O demon, whoever thou art, by the God Sabarbarbathiτth. II. (1) When we pass to κατά c. acc., we are at once met with a number of instances of the κατά phrase forming a mere periphrasis (a) for the possessive pronoun, or (b) for the gen. of a subst., or even (c) for an adj. (a) The following are examples of the first class of these periphrases P Eleph 13 .3 (B.C. 223 2) ἐχάρην ἐπὶ τῶι με αἰσθέσθαι τὰ κατὰ σέ , I was glad when I had learned your affairs, P Leid B i. 9 (B.C. 164) ἐπὶ τῆς καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς λειτουργίας , P Tebt I. 24 .64 (B.C. 117) τῆς καθ᾽ ἑαυτοὺς ἀσχολία (= ίας ), P Tor I. 1 ii. 32 (B.C. 116) ὑπόμνημα ὑπὲρ τῶν κατ᾽ αὐτούς , P Tebt I. 7 .5 (B.C. 114) μηδ᾽ ἄλλοις ἐπιτρέπειν κατ᾽ αὐτοὺς διεξάγειν , nor allow others to decide their case (Edd.), and OGIS 168 .17 (B.C. 115) παραγεγονότες εἰς τοὺς καθ᾽ ὑμ [ᾶς τόπους . For τὰ κατ᾽ ἐμέ , as in Php_1:12 al. , we may add the illiterate P Oxy I. 120 .14 (iv/A.D.) ἄχρις ἂν γνῶ πῶς τὰ κατ᾽ αἰμαὶ ἀποτίθαιται ( l. ἐμὲ ἀποτίθεται ). For further exx. of this usage in late Greek see Schmidt Jos. P. 390, Kδlker Quaest. p. 282 f. (b) The periphrasis for the gen. of a subst. is seen in P Hib I. 82 .19 (B.C. 239 8) τὰ κατὰ τὴν γραμματείαν , the duties of the scribe s office, P Tebt I. 5 .25 (B.C. 118) ἐπὶ τῶν κατ᾽ Ἀλεξά (νδρειαν ) ὅρ [μων , at the harbours of Alexandria, ib. 13 .17 (B.C. 114) τὰ κατ [ὰ τ ]ὴν ἐπισ (τατείαν ) τ̣[ῆς κ ]ω̣(μης ), the duties of epistates of the village, ib. 16 .5 (B.C. 114) περὶ τῶν κατὰ Πολέμωνα , regarding the case of Polemon, ib. 105 .47 (B.C. 103) τὰ κατὰ τὴ [ν μ ]ίσθωσιν , the provisions of the lease, P Lond 1164( k ) .20 (A.D. 212)(= III. p. 167) ὑπὸ [το ]ῦ κατὰ πατέρα μου ἀνεψειοῦ , and Polyb. iii. 11 3. 1 ἡ κατὰ τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατολή . (c) This usage went even the length of a κατά phrasetaking the place of an adj., as in P Hib I. 27 .42 (B.C. 301 240) ταῖς κατὰ σελήνη [ν ] ἡμέραις , the lunar days. (2) For κατά , according to, of standard, law, rule, as in Rom_10:2 , 1Co_7:6 , 2Co_8:8 , Heb_11:13 , cf. P Petr II. 11(1) .1 (iii/B.C.) (= Selections, p. 7), τὰ λοιπά σοι κατὰ γνώμην ἐστίν , P Tebt I. 40 .25 (B.C. 117) κατὰ τοὺς τῆς κώμης ἐθισμούς , P Oxy I. 37 ii. 8 (A.D. 49) (= Selections , p. 51) κατὰ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου ἡγεμόνος κριθέντα , Chrest. I. 352 .11 (A.D. 117) κατὰ <τὰ > κελευσθέντα , ib. .17 κατὰ τὸ ἔθος (cf. Luk_1:8 ), and from the inscrr. OGIS 56 .33 (B.C. 237) κατὰ τὸ πρότερον γραφὲν ψήφισμα . Similarly κατὰ λόγον , as in Act_18:14 , in accordance with what is right, befitting, is common in epistolary phrases, e.g. P Eleph 13 .1 (B.C. 223 2) εἰ ἔρρω [σ ]αι καὶ τὰ λοιπά σοι κατὰ λόγον ἐστίν , εἴη ἂν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω , if you are well, and other things are going rightly, it would be as I wish, P Lond 42 .2 (B.C. 168) (= I. p. 30, Selections , p. 9) εἰ ἐρρωμένωι τἄλλα κατὰ λόγον ἀπαντᾶι , εἴη ἂν ὡς τοῖς θεοῖς εὐχομένη διατελῶ , P Goodsp Cairo 4 .3 (ii/B.C.) (= Selections , p. 24), P Par 63 .5 (B.C. 165). We may note here the use of κατά in the titles of the Gospels, where it practically points to authorship (cf. Zahn Introd. ii. pp. 387 f., 396f.). MGr κατὰ τὸ νόμο , according to the law, κατὰ τὸν καιρό , according to the weather (Thumb Handbook , p. 106). Κατά has a local sense in P Oxy VI. 904 .6 (v/A.D.) πληγαῖς κατακοπτόμενον κατὰ τὸ σῶμα , belaboured with blows on my body : cf. Rom_7:22 , Eph_6:5 . (3) This brings us to the idea of throughout with reference to place, as in P Hib I. 82 .19 (B.C. 239 8) κατὰ τόπον , throughout the district, P Tebt I. 8 .8 ( c. B.C. 201) ἐν τοῖς κατὰ Λέσβον καὶ Θραίκην τόποις , ib. 5 .188 (B.C. 118) τοὺς κατὰ τὴν χώραν φυ (λακίτας ), OGIS 90 .7 (Rosetta stone B.C. 196) ἐκ τῶν κατὰ τὴν χώραν ἱερῶν , and the contracted κατὴν (= κατὰ τὴν ) χώραν P Par 63 .93 (B.C. 165) (= P Petr III. p. 26). An interesting memorial inscr. from Egypt, published in Archiv v. p. 168 f., commemorates one who has been laid between his mother and brother ὧν καὶ ἡ σωφροσύνη κατὰ τὸν κόσμον λελάληται . (4) The meaning during, about, with reference to time is common P Lille I. 1 recto .14 (B.C. 259 8) κατὰ χειμῶνα , pendant l hiver, P Tebt I. 28 .9 ( c. B.C. 114) κατὰ τὸ παρόν , at the present time, ib. 27 .60 (B.C. 113) κατὰ θερείαν , in summer, P Oxy XIV. 1635 .11 (B.C. 44 37) κατὰ τὸν βίον , for his lifetime, and OGIS 90 .27 (Rosetta stone B.C. 196) καθ᾽ ὃν καιρόν . Cf. MGr κατὰ τὰ μεσάνυκτα , about midnight, and the common usage to indicate direction towards something, e.g. ἔρχεται κατὰ τὸ χωριό , he is coming towards the village (see Thumb Handbook , p. 105 f.). (5) The distributive force of κατά is well seen in the contract of apprenticeship P Oxy IV. 725 .36 (A.D. 183) ἀργήσει δὲ ὁ παῖς εἰς λόγον ἑορτῶν κατ᾽ ἔτος (cf. Luk_2:41 ) ἡμέρας εἴκοσι , the boy shall have 20 holidays in the year on account of festivals (Edd.) : see further s.v. ἔτος , where the form καθ᾽ ἕτος is also illustrated, and cf. Michel 1001 vi. 24 ( c. B.C. 200) καθ᾽ ἐνιαυτόν (cf. Heb_9:25 ). Other exx. of distributive κατά are P Oxy II. 275 .18 (B.C. 66) κατὰ μῆνα , P Par 26 .13 (B.C. 163 2) (= Selections , p. 14) τὰ ἑαυτῶν καθ᾽ ἡμέραν δέοντα , their daily necessities, P Giss I. 17 .10 (time of Hadrian) οὐ βλέπομέν σε καθ᾽ ἡμέραν , and P Tebt II. 412 .2 (late ii/A.D.) τὸ προσκύνημά σου κατ᾽ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ποιῶ , I make supplications for you every day. For the Lukan phrase τὸ καθ᾽ ἡμέραν ( Luk_11:8 ; Luk_19:47 , Act_17:11 ) we may compare the reference in a bailiff s letter to his diary or journal P Oxy IX. 1220 .4 (iii/A.D.) ἀ ]ν̣έπεμψά σοι διὰ σημι [ώ ]σεως τὸ καθ᾽ ἡμέρα (= αν ) τοῦ ἀναλώματος ἣν ( l. ἵν᾽ εἰδῇς , I send in some notes the daily account of our expenditure for your information. Cf. also P Lond 904 .20 (A.D. 104) (= III. p. 125, Selections , p. 73) τῆς κατ᾽ οἰ̣ [κίαν ἀπογραφῆς , the house-to-house census (cf. Act_2:46 ; Act_5:42 ), and the magical formula P Oxy VI. 886 .19 (iii/A.D.) (= Selections p. 111) ἐρε ( l. αἶρε ) κατὰ δύο δύο , lift them (viz. palm leaves on which were written the names of the gods) two by two, which may illustrate Luk_10:1 BK (cf. Proleg. p. 97, Thackeray Gr. i. p. 54 f.). For the phrase τὸ δὲ καθ᾽ εἷς in Rom_12:5 (cf. Mar_14:19 , Joh_8:9 ) cf. τὸ καθ᾽ ἕν as the heading of a list of articles etc. P Tebt I. 47 .34 (B.C. 113) ἔστιν δὲ τὸ καθ᾽ ἕν· θύραν μυρικί (νην ), σκαφεῖα β̄ , al. , the list is : a door of tamarisk-wood, two hoes etc., also P Rein 17 .8 (B.C. 109) where, after the mention of certain agricultural implements and other objects, it is added ὧν τὸ καθ᾽ ἓν ὑποκεῖται , of which the list is given below, P Ryl II. 65 i. 9 (B.C. 67) πλείονα σώματα ὧν τὸ καθ᾽ ἓν ἐπὶ τῆς [ἐ ]σομένης [διεξα ]γωγῆς σημανθήσεται , a number of corpses, the details of which will appear in the forthcoming inquiry (Edd.), ib. 127 .15, .24 (A.D. 29). The phrase κατ᾽ ὄνομα , individually, one by one, occurs frequently in closing greetings, as in 3 Jn .15 , e.g. BGU I. 27 .18 (ii/A.D.) (= Selections , p. 102) ἀσπάζομαι . . . πάντες (= ας ) τοὺς φιλοῦντάς σε κατ᾽ ὄνομα , P Tebt II. 422 .16 (iii/A.D.) ἀσπάζομαι . . τοὺς ἐνοίκους πάντες (= ας ) κα [τ ]᾽ ὄνομα , P Meyer 23 .13 (end of iv/A.D.) ἀσπάζομα̣ι ὑμᾶς πάντας κ̣α̣τ᾽ ὄνομα . For the similar use of κατ᾽ ἄνδρα see P Amh II. 69 .8 (A.D. 154) καταχω (ρίζομεν ) ὑμεῖν μέτρημ (α ) κατ᾽ ἄνδρα ἰσδοχῆς ἀπὸ Παῦνι ἕως Μ [εσ ]ορή , we report to you the individual amounts received by us from Pauni to Mesore (Edd.), ib. .13 κατ᾽ ἄνδρα καταγωγῆς , individual deliveries, and P Lond 259 .73 (A.D. 94 5) (= II. p. 38) διὰ τῶν . . κατ᾽ ἄνδρα λόγων . In ib. 604 .3 (A.D. 47) (= III. p. 71) we have κάτανδρα for κατ᾽ ἄνδρα , and in P Tebt I. 72 .17 (B.C. 114) the phrase is contracted into κἄνδρα according to Mayser Gr. p. 145. With the distributive κατά cf. in MGr καθείς , καθένας , καθέτις (κάθα εἷς ), every one, and such a phrase as ὀλίγο κατ᾽ ὀλίγο , little by little. III. A few miscellaneous phrases may conclude this long note. Thus c. gen. we have P Tor II. 12 .7 (Ptol.) οὐ γεγόγενεν ( l. γέγονεν ) ἐφ᾽ ἡμῶν ὠνηὶ κατὰ τῆς οἰκείας , emptio tuae domϋs Graecitas vere barbara (Ed.), and P Fay 32 .14 (A.D. 131) ἐὰν δέ τι κατὰ τούτ (ου ) ἐξοικονομῶ , πρότερον ἀποδίξω ὑπάρχειν , if I alienate any of my rights over it, I will first establish my title to the ownership (Edd.). With the acc. we have P Tebt I. 104 .18 (B.C. 92) κατὰ δύναμιν τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτοῖς , so far as their property shall admit, ib. 27 iii. 83 (B.C. 113) ἡ δ᾽ εἴσπραξις τῶν προεθησομένων παρὰ σοῦ κατὰ κράτος ἔσται , and any losses will be rigorously exacted from you (Edd.), OGIS 90 .26 (Rosetta stone B.C. 196) τήν τε πόλιν κατὰ κράτος εἷλεν , P Tebt I. 6 .24 (B.C. 140 39) τῶν κατὰ μέρος ἐθνῶν , the several associations, ib. II. 382 .24 (B.C. 30 A.D. 1) πάντ [α ] τὰ [κ ]ατὰ δύο μέρηι , all that pertains to the two shares, P Petr II. 11 (1) .7 (iii/B.C.) (= Selections , p. 8) τοῦτο δὲ γίνεται διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀθροῦν ἡμᾶς , ἀλλὰ κατὰ μικρὸν λαμβάνειν , this happens because we do not get our money in a lump sum, but in small instalments, P Tebt I. 5 .253 (B.C. 118) κατὰ μηδεμίαν παρεύρεσι (= -σιν ), on no pretext whatsoever, ib. .87 (B.C. 118) κατὰ τοῦτο , on this account, in consequence, ib. II. 381 .14 (A.D. 123) (= Selections , p. 78) ἕτερα καθ᾽ ὃν δήποτε οὖν τρόπον , other things of whatsoever kind, P Lond 904 .21 (A.D. 104) (= III. p. 125, Selections , p. 73) καθ᾽ ἥ [ντινα ] δήποτε αἰτ [ίαν (cf. 2Ma_14:3 , 3Ma_7:7 ), and P Tebt I. 42 .5 ( c. B.C. 114) ἠδικημένος καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπ [ὸ ] Ἁρμιύσιος , having been excessively wronged by Harmiusis. The marriage contract P Eleph 1 .5 (B.C. 311 10) (= Selections , p. 2) εἶναι δὲ ἡμᾶς κατὰ ταὐτὸ ὅπου ἂν δοκῆι ἄριστον εἶναι , and that we should live together wherever it may seem best supports the rendering of κατὰ τὸ αὐτό in Act_14:1 AV, RV. On the other hand, the meaning similiter , after the same manner, preferred by Blass ad l. , and adopted for κατὰ τὰ αὐτά in Luk_17:30 RV, is found in the Will P Eleph 2 .6 (B.C. 285 4) ἐὰν δέ τι πάσχηι Διονύσιος , καταλειπέτω τὰ ὑπάρχοντα πᾶσιν τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῖς αὑτοῦ , κατὰ ταὐτὰ δὲ καὶ Καλλίστα ἐάν τι πάσχηι , καταλειπέτω τὰ ὑπάρχοντα κτλ . ; cf. OGIS 56 .66 (B.C. 237) ἐξεῖναι δὲ κατὰ ταὐτὰ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις παρθένοις ταῖς βουλομέναις συντελεῖν τὰ νόμιμα τῆι θεῶι . On the derivation of κατά , and its use in composition, see Moulton Gr. ii. § 121.

κατά (bef. a vowel κατ᾽, καθ᾽; on the frequently neglect of elision, see Tdf., Pr., 95; WH, App., 146a), prep. with genitive, accusative, down, downwards. __I. C. genitive (WM, §47, k; Bl., §42, 2). __1. C. genitive of thing(s), in local sense; __(a) down, down from: Mat.8:32, Mrk.5:13, Luk.8:33, 1Co.11:4; __(b) throughout (late usage; Bl, l.with): κ. ὅλης κ.τ.λ., Luk.4:14 23:5, Act.9:31 10:37; __(with) in a peculiar adjectival phrase: ἡ κ. βάθους, deep or extreme poverty, 2Co.8:2. __ __2. C. genitive of person(s), usually in hostile sense; __(a) against (in cl. only after verbs of speaking, witnessing, etc.): opposite to ὑπέρ, Mrk.9:40; μετά, Mat.12:30; after ἐπιθυμεῖν, Gal.5:17; λαλεῖν, Act.6:13; διδάσκειν, Act.21:28; ψεύδεσθαι, Jas.3:14; after verbs of accusing, etc., Mat.5:23, Luk.23:14, Rom.8:33, al.; verbs of fighting, prevailing, etc., Mat.10:35, Act.14:2, 1Co.4:6, al.; __(b) of swearing, by: όμνυμι κ. (BL, §34, 1), He 6:13,16, cf. Mat.26:63. __II. C. accusative (WM, §49d; BL, §42, 2). __1. Of motion or direction; __(a) through, throughout: Luk.8:39 9:6 10:4, Act.8:1, 36 al.; __(b) to, towards, over against: Luk.10:32 (Field, Notes, 62), Act.2:1o 16:7, Gal.2:11, Php.3:14, al.; __ __(with) in adverbial phrases, at, in, by, of: κατ᾽ οἶκον, at home, Act.2:46; κατ᾽ ἰδίαν (see: ἴδιος); καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν, Act.28:16, Rom.14:22, Jas.2:17; with pron. of person(s), Act.17:28 18:15, Rom.1:15, Eph.1:15, al. __2. Of time, at, during, about: Act.8:26 12:1 19:23, Rom.9:9 Heb.1:10, al. __3. Distributive; __(a) of place: κ. τόποὐς, Mat.24:7, al.; κ. πόλιν, Luk.8:1, 4 al.; κ. ἐκκλησίαν, Act.14:23. __(b) of time: κ. ἔτος, Luk.2:41; ἑορτήν, Mat.27:15, al.; __(with) of numbers, etc.: καθ᾽ ἕνα πάντες, 1Co.14:31 (on καθ᾽ εἷς, see: εἷς); κ. ἑκατόν, Mrk.6:40; κ. μέρος, Heb.9:5; κ. ὄνομα, Jhn.10:3. __4. Of fitness, reference, conformity, etc.; __(a) in relation to, concerning: Rom.1:3, 4 7:22 9:3, 5, 1Co.12:6 10:18, Php.1:12; κ. πάντα, Act.17:22, Col.3:20, 22 Heb.2:17 4:15; __(b) according to, after, like: Mrk.7:5, Luk.2:27, 29 Jhn.7:24 Rom.8:4 14:15, Eph.2:2, Col.2:8, Jas.2:8, al. __III. In composition, κ. denotes, __1. down, down from (καταβαίνω), etc.), hence, metaphorically; __(a) victory or rule over (καταδουλόω, -κυριεύω, etc.); __(b) "perfective" action (M, Pr., 111ff.). __2. under (κατακαλύπτω), etc.). __3. in succession (καθεξῆς). __4. after, behind (καταλείπω). __5. Hostility, against (καταλαλέω). (AS)