θάνατος, θανάτου, ὁ (θανεῖν); the Sept. for ξΘεΖϊ and ξεΜϊ, also for γΖΜαΖψ pestilence (Winers Grammar, 29 note); (one of the nouns often anarthrous, cf. Winers Grammar, § 19, 1 under the word; (Buttmann, § 124, 8 c.); Grimm, commentary on Sap., p. 59); death; 1. properly, the death of the body, i. e. that separation (whether natural or violent) of the soul from the body by which the life on earth is ended: Joh_11:4 (13); Act_2:24 (Tr marginal reading ᾅδου) (on this see ὠδίν); Php_2:27; Php_2:30; Heb_7:23; Heb_9:15; Rev_9:6; Rev_18:8; opposed to ζωή, Rom_8:38; 1Co_3:22; 2Co_1:9; Php_1:20; with the implied idea of future misery in the state beyond, 1Co_15:21; 2Ti_1:10; Heb_2:14 f; equivalent to the power of death, 2Co_4:12. Since the nether world, the abode of the dead, was conceived of as being very dark, χώρα καί σκιά θανάτου (φΗμΐξΘεΖϊ) is equivalent to the region of thickest darkness, i. e. figuratively, a region enveloped in the darkness of ignorance and sin: Mat_4:16; Luk_1:79 (from Isa_9:2); θάνατος is used of the punishment of Christ, Rom_5:10; Rom_6:3-5; 1Co_11:26; Php_3:10; Col_1:22; Heb_2:1-18 :(9),14; σῴζειν τινα ἐκ θανάτου, to free from the fear of death, to enable one to undergo death fearlessly, Heb_5:7 (but others besides); ῤύεσθαι ἐκ θανάτου, to deliver from the danger of death, 2Co_1:10; plural θανατοῖ, deaths (i. e. mortal perils) of various kinds, 2Co_11:23; περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου, even unto death, i. e. so that I am almost dying of sorrow, Mat_26:38; Mar_14:34 (λελύπημαι ἕως θανάτου, Jon_4:9; λύπη ἕως θανάτου, Sir_37:2, cf, Jdg_16:16); μέχρι θανάτου, so as not to refuse to undergo even death, Php_2:8; also ἄχρι θανάτου, Rev_2:10; Rev_12:11; ἐσφαγμένος εἰς θάνατον, that has received a deadly wound, Rev_13:3; πληγή θανάτου, a deadly wound (death-stroke, cf. Winer's Grammar, § 34, 3 b.), Rev_13:3; Rev_13:12; ἰδεῖν θάνατον, to experience death, Luk_2:26; Heb_11:5; also γεύεσθαι θανάτου (see γεύω, 2), Mat_16:28; Mar_9:1; Luk_9:27; διώκειν τινα ἄχρι θανάτου, even to destruction, Act_22:4; κατακρίνειν τινα θανάτῳ, to condemn one to death (admortemdamnare, Tacitus), Mat_20:18 (here Tdf. εἰς θάνατον); Mar_10:33, (see κατακρίνω, a.); πορεύεσθαι εἰς θάνατον, to undergo death, Luk_22:33; παραδιδόναι τινα εἰς θάνατον, that he may be put to death, Mat_10:21; Mar_13:12; passive, to be given over to the peril of death, 2Co_4:11; παρέδωκαν ... εἰς κρίμα θανάτου, Luk_24:20; ἀποκτεῖναι τινα ἐν θανάτῳ (a Hebraism (cf. Buttmann, 184 (159f))), Rev_2:23; Rev_6:8 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 29 note); αἰτία θανάτου (see αἰτία, 2), Act_13:28; Act_28:18; ἄξιον τί θανάτου, some crime worthy of the penalty of death, Act_23:29; Act_25:11; Act_25:25; (Act_26:31); Luk_23:15; Luk_23:22 (here αἴτιον (which see 2 b.) θάνατος); ἔνοχος θανάτου, worthy of punishment by death, Mat_26:66; Mar_14:64; θανάτῳ τελευτάτω, let him surely be put to death, Mat_15:4; Mar_7:10, after Exo_21:17 the Sept. (Hebrew ιεΜξΘϊ ξεϊ); cf. Winers Grammar, § 44 at the end N. 3; (Buttmann, as above); θανάτου ... σταυροῦ, Php_2:8; ποιῶ θανάτῳ, by what kind of death, Joh_12:33; Joh_18:32; Joh_21:19. The inevitable necessity of dying, shared alike by all men, takes on in the popular imagination the form of a person, a tyrant, subjugating men to his power and confining them in his dark dominions: Rom_6:9; 1Co_15:1-58 :(26),54,56; Rev_21:4; Hades is associated with him as his partner: 1Co_15:55 R G; Rev_1:18 (on which see κλείς); ,(a) (Psa_17:5 (); Psa_114:3 (); Hos_13:14; Sir_14:12). 2. metaphorically, the loss of that life which alone is worthy of the name, i. e. "the misery of soul arising from sin, which begins on earth but lasts and increases after the death of the body": 2Co_3:7; Jas_1:15 (Clement of Rome, 2Co_1:1-24; 2Co_6:1-18 [ET] says of life before conversion to Christ, ὁ βίος ἡμῶν ὅλος ἄλλο οὐδέν ἦν εἰ μή θάνατος (cf. Philo, praem. et poenis § 12, and references in 4 below)); opposed to ἡ ζωή, Rom_7:10; Rom_7:13; 2Co_2:16; opposed to σωτηρία, 2Co_7:10; equivalent to the cause of death, Rom_7:13; σῴζειν ψυχήν ἐκ θανάτου, Jas_5:20; μεταβεβηκέναι ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς τήν ζωήν, Joh_5:24; 1Jn_3:14; μένειν ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, 1Jn_3:14; θεωρεῖν θάνατον, Joh_8:51; γεύεσθαι θανάτου, Joh_8:52 (see 1 above); ἁμαρτία and ἁμαρτάνειν πρός θάνατον (see ἁμαρτία, 2 b.), 1Jn_5:16 f (in the rabbinical writers μΘξεΜϊ ηΕθΐΰ after Num_18:22, the Sept. ἁμαρτία θανατηφόρος is acrimen capitale). 3. the miserable state of the wicked dead in hell is called now simply θάνατος, Rom_1:32 (Wis_1:12 f Wis_2:24; Tatian or. ad Graec. c. 13; the author of the epistle ad Diognet. c. 10, 7 [ET] distinguishes between ὁ δοκῶν ἐνθάδε θάνατος, the death of the body, and ὁ ὄντως θάνατος, ὅς φυλάσσεται τοῖς κατακριθησομενοις εἰς τό πῦρ τό αἰώνιον); now ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος and ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος (as opposed to the former death, i. e. to that by which life on earth is ended), Rev_2:11; Rev_20:6; Rev_20:14 b; Rev_21:8 (as in the Targums on Deu_33:6; Psa_48:11 (); Isa_22:14; Isa_66:15; (for the Greek use of the phrase cf. Plutarch, de fade in orbe lunae 27, 6, p. 942 f.); θάνατος αἰώνιος, the Epistle of Barnabas 20, 1 [ET] and in ecclesiastical writings (ὁ ἀΐδιος θάνατος, Philo, post. Cain. § 11 at the end; see also Wetstein on Rev_2:11)). 4. In the widest sense, death comprises all the miseries arising from sin, as well physical death as the loss of a life consecrated to God and blessed in him on earth (Philo, alleg. legg. i. § 33 ὁ ψυχῆς θάνατος ἀρετῆς μέν φθορά ἐστι, κακίας δέ ἀνάληψις (de profug. § 21 θάνατος ψυχῆς ὁ μετά κακίας ἐστι βίος, especially §§ 10, 11; qued det. pot. insid. §§ 14, 15; de poster. Cain. § 21, and de praem. et poen. as in 2 above)), to be followed by wretchedness in the lower world (opposed to ζωή αἰώνιος): θάνατος seems to be so used in Rom_5:12; Rom_6:16; Rom_6:21 (Rom_6:23; yet others refer these last three examples to 3 above); Rom_7:24; Rom_8:2; Rom_8:6; death, in this sense, is personified in Rom_5:14; Rom_5:17; Rom_5:21; Rom_7:5. Others, in all these passages as well as those cited under 2, understand physical death; but see Philippi on Rom_5:12; Messner, Lehre der Apostel, p. 210ff

θάνατος thanatos 120x death, the extinction of life, whether naturally, Luk_2:26 ; Mar_9:1 ; or violently, Mat_10:21 ; Mat_15:4 ; immin ent danger of death, 2Co_4:11-12 ; 2Co_11:23 ; in NT spiritual death, as opposed to ζωή in its spiritual sense, in respect of a forfeiture of salvation, Joh_8:51 ; Rom_6:16 death.

θάνατος , -ου , ὁ (θνήσκω ), [in LXX chiefly for H4191 , sometimes for H1698 ;] death; 1. of the death of the body, whether natural or violent: Joh_11:13 , Php_2:27 , Heb_7:23 , al ; opp . to ζωή , Rom_8:38 , Php_1:20 ; of the death of Christ, Rom_5:10 , Php_3:10 , Heb_2:9 ; ῥυέσθαι (σώζειν ) ἐκ θ ., 2Co_1:10 , Heb_5:7 ; περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου , Mat_26:38 , Mar_14:34 ; μέχρι (ἄχρι ) θ ., Php_2:8 , Rev_2:10 ; πληγὴ θανάτου , a deadly wound, Rev_13:3 ; ἰδεῖν θάνατον , Luk_2:26 , Heb_11:5 ; γεύεσθαι θανάτου , Mar_9:1 ; ἔνοχος θανάτου , Mar_14:64 ; θανάτῳ τελευτᾶν ( Exo_21:17 , H4191 ), Mar_7:10 ; death personified, Rom_6:9 , 1Co_15:26 , Rev_21:4 ; pl ., of deadly perils, 2Co_11:23 . 2. Of spiritual death: Joh_5:24 ; Joh_8:51 , Rom_7:10 , Jas_1:15 ; Jas_5:20 , 1Jn_3:14 ; 1Jn_5:16 , a.; of eternal death, Rom_1:32 ; Rom_7:5 , al. ;ὁ θ . ὁ δεύτερος , Rev_2:11 ; Rev_21:8 ( cf. Cremer , 283 ff .; DB , iii, 114 ff .; DCG , i, 791 f .).

θάνατος [page 283] For this common noun we may cite such passages as P Petr III. 36 (a) .7 τ ]ὸν θάνατον ὑποκείμενον [ἐν ] τῆι φυλακῆι διὰ τὴν ἒνδειαν , P Tebt 1. 5 .92 (B.C. 118) τοὺς δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιοῦντας θαν [άτωι ζ ]ημιοῦσθαι , P Oxy III. 472 .7 ( c. A.D. 130) ἄλλοι πολλοὶ τὸν θάνατον τοῦ ζῆν προκρείναντες , ib. 11. 237 viii. 36 (A.D. 186) ἡ δὲ κτῆσις μετὰ θάνατον τοῖς τέκνοις κεκράτηται , but the right of ownership after their death has been settled upon the children (Edd.). The well-known inscr. at the entrance of the inner court of the Temple at Jerusalem, threatening all who were not Jews with the penalty of death for entering, ends ὃς δ᾽ ἂν ληφθῇ , ἑαυτῶι αἴτιος ἔσται διὰ τὸ ἐξακολουθεῖν θάνατον ( OGIS 598 .7 , i/A.D.). In a Latin papyrus containing military accounts, P Fay 105 iii. 24 ( c. A.D. 180), opposite the name Turbon a letter θ has been inserted, implying, according to the editors, that he has died. The letter, they add, has the same signification on Roman gravestones, and also in a Latin list of soldiers in the Rainer Collection, where the name itself is crossed through : cf. Persius Sat. iv. 13 ( nigrum . . . theta ), Mart. vii. 37, and the line of Lucilius (?) O multum ante alias infelix littera Theta. It was used by critics and grammarians to mark a locus conclamatus. In MGr the subst. survives, while θανατικό = plague, disease.

θάνατος θάνα^τος, ὁ, [Etym: θνήσκω] "death", Hom. , etc.; θ. τινος "the death threatened" by him, Od. ; θάνατόνδε "to death", Il. , etc. in attic, θάνατον καταγιγνώσκειν τινός to pass "sentence of death" on one, Thuc. ; θανάτου κρίνεσθαι to be tried "for one's life", id=Thuc. :—ellipt., τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ κεκοσμημένος (sc. στολήν) Hdt. ; δῆσαί τινα τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτου (sc. δέσιν) id=Hdt. ; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν πλὴν θανάτου for any penalty short of "death", Thuc. pl. θάνατοι, "kinds of death", Od. ; or "the deaths" of several persons or even of one person, Trag. as prop. n., Θάνατος "Death", twin-brother of Sleep, Il. = νεκρός, Anth.

θάνατος, -ου, ὁ (θνήσκω), [in LXX chiefly for מָוֶת ,מוּת, sometimes דֶּבֶר ;] death; __1. of the death of the body, whether natural or violent: Jhn.11:13, Php.2:27, Heb.7:23, al; opposite to ζωή, Rom.8:38, Php.1:20; of the death of Christ, Rom.5:10, Php.3:10, Heb.2:9; ῥυέσθαι (σώζειν) ἐκ θ., 2Co.1:10, Heb.5:7; περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου, Mat.26:38, Mrk.14:34; μέχρι (ἄχρι), Php.2:8, Rev.2:10; πληγὴ θανάτου, a deadly wound. Rev.13:3; ἰδεῖν θάνατον, Luk.2:26, Heb.11:5; γεύεσθαι θανάτου, Mrk.9:1; ἔνοχος θανάτου, Mrk.14:64; θανάτῳ τελευτᾶν ( Exo.21:17, מוּת יוּמָת), Mrk.7:10; death personified, Rom.6:9, 1Co.15:26, Rev.21:4; pl., of deadly perils, 2Co.11:23. __2. Of spiritual death: Jhn.5:24 8:51, Rom.7:10, Jas.1:15, 5:20, 1Jn.3:14 5:16, al.; of eternal death, Rom.1:32 7:5, al.; ὁ θ. ὁ δεύτερος, Rev.2:11 21:8 (cf. Cremer, 283ff.; DB, iii, 114ff.; DCG, i, 791f.). (AS)