Quick Definition
I adulterate, corrupt
Strong's Definition
to ensnare, i.e. (figuratively) adulterate
Derivation: from G1388 (δόλος);
KJV Usage: handle deceitfully
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
δολόω, δόλῳ; (δόλος;
1. to ensnare: Hesiod, Herodotus and succeeding writers.
2. to corrupt, (βδελλιον and λίβανον, Dioscor. 1, 80. 81); τόν οἶνον, Lucian, Hermot. 59) τόν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, divine truth by mingling with it wrong notions, 2Co_4:2. (Cf. Trench, § 62, and see καπηλεύω.)
Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary
δολόω doloō 1x
pr. to entrap, beguile; to adulterate, corrupt, falsify, 2Co_4:2
Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon
δολόω , -ῶ
(δόλος ),
[in LXX : Psa_15:3 ( H7270 ), Psa_36:2 ( H2505 hi .) * ;]
1. to ensnare.
2. As of wine, to adulterate, corrupt: τ . λόγον τ . θεοῦ , 2Co_4:2 .†
SYN.: καπηλεύω G2585 q.v.
Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT
δολόω [page 168]
Like δόλος , the verb is found in P Leid X v. 87 and xii. 2 (iii/iv A.D.) κασσίτερον γνῶναι εἰ δεδόλωται · χωνεύσας αὐτὸν κτλ ., and δολοῦται χρυσὸς εἰς αὔξησιν μισύει καὶ γῇ Σινοπίδι κτλ . See also Syll 802 .102 (iii/B.C.) δολωθεὶς ὑπὸ ματρυιᾶς , and Vettius Valens p. 248 .2 ὁπόταν δὲ κακωθῇ , δολουμένη ἀδιανόητος γίνεται . Our first instance reinforces Grimm s quotation from Lucian and Thayer s from Dioscurides to make clear the metaphor of 2Co_4:2 .
Liddell-Scott — Intermediate Greek Lexicon
δολόω δολόω, φυτ. -ώσω [Etym: δόλος] "to beguile, ensnare, take by craft", Hes. , Hdt. , attic "to disguise", Soph.
STEPBible — Tyndale Abridged Greek Lexicon
δολόω, -ῶ
(δόλος) [in LXX: Psa.15:3 (רָגַל), Psa.36:2 (חָלַק hi.) * ;]
__1. to ensnare.
__2. As of wine, to adulterate, corrupt: τ. λόγον τ. θεοῦ, 2Co.4:2.†
SYN.: καπηλεύω which see (AS)
📖 In-Depth Word Study
Adulterating (1389) doloo
Evidently he had been accused of deceitful behavior (cf. 2Co 7:2; 12:16). This he emphatically rejects. The openness marking the new covenant had always been reflected in his conduct. His tactics had never been secretive or deceptive, nor had he ever dishonestly manipulated the message of God entrusted to him. (Gaebelein, F, Editor: Expositor's Bible Commentary 5-Volume New Testament. Zondervan Publishing or computer version)
Hidden (2927)(kruptos from krupto = keep secret; English ~ cryptic, etc) means concealed, secret, hidden either to protect it or for self-serving purposes. Krupto describes something that is unknown because it is being kept secret or hidden.
Liddell-Scott give an example of a secular use of kruptos -- "a trench covered and concealed by planks and earth".
Giving and praying are to be done in secret (Mt 6:4, Mt 6:6) for God sees all things and there is nothing hidden from Him so that all things will one day be brought to the light by Him (Mt 10:26 Mk 4:22 Lk 8:17 Lk 12:2 1Co 4:5). Kruptos conveys the idea of privately in Jn 7:4, 10, 18:20. Kruptos describes the "secrets" of men's hearts (Ro 2:16, 1Co 14:25). "The hidden person of the heart" in 1Pe 3:4 which Wuest explains is "the personality of the Christian woman as made beautiful by the ministry of the Holy Spirit in glorifying the Lord Jesus and manifesting Him in and through her life."
Krupto - 17x in 15v in NAS - Mt 6:4, 6; 10:26 Mk 4:22 Lk 8:17; 12:2 Jn 7:4, 10; 18:20 Ro 2:16, 29 1Co 4:5 14:25 2Co 4:2 1Pe 3:4. NAS = hidden(5), inwardly(1), secret(7), secrets(2), things hidden(2).
Hidden because of shame - Literally "the hidden things of shame" - Paul is referring to those things that are done only under cover and with the fear of shame if they were to be exposed.
The Amplified Version does an excellent job of "amplifying the meaning...
We have renounced disgraceful ways (secret thoughts, feelings, desires and underhandedness, the methods and arts that men hide through shame); we refuse to deal craftily (to practice trickery and cunning) or to adulterate or handle dishonestly the Word of God, but we state the truth openly (clearly and candidly). And so we commend ourselves in the sight and presence of God to every man’s conscience. (Lockman)
Shame (152) (aischune from aischos = shame, disfigurement, disgrace) means shame resulting from exposure of sin for example. Paul is describing that which brings humiliating disgrace or disrepute.
Aischune - 6x in 6v in NAS - Luke 14:9; 2 Cor 4:2; Phil 3:19; Heb 12:2; Jude 1:13; Rev 3:18. NAS = disgrace(1), shame(5).
Webster's 1828 on shame - A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of having done something which injures reputation; or by the exposure of that which nature or modesty prompts us to conceal. Shame is particularly excited by the disclosure of actions which, in the view of men, are mean and degrading. Hence it is often or always manifested by a downcast look or by blushes, called confusion of face.
UBS Handbook explains that...
The words “of shame” characterize those things that are hidden; they are “secret and shameful deeds.” More specifically, does Paul mean that the people who do such deeds are, in fact, ashamed of their deeds? (Revised English Bible “the deeds that people hide for very shame.”) Or does he mean that they should be ashamed and are not? Either is possible, but the majority opinion seems to be that the practices were “so shameful that they have to be kept hidden” (Barclay). (The United Bible Societies' New Testament Handbook Series or Logos)
J H Bernard...
the hidden things of shame; cf. Ro 13:12, Eph. 4:22. The stress is on ta krupta (the hidden); it is the openness and candor of his ministry on which he insists (cf. John 3:20). (Expositor's Greek Testament)
Henry Alford adds that the meaning here is that...
The having any views, ends or practices which, such as have them, hide through shame...Shame is subjective, meaning fear arising from expectation of exposure. It is plain from the context that it refers, not to crimes and unholy practices, but to crooked arts, of which men are ashamed, and which perhaps were made use of by the false teachers (The New Testament for English Readers).
Not walking in - Not living, not behaving, not conducting oneself. The preposition "in" (en) means in the sphere of (it's like a fish in a fish bowl - he lives in the sphere of the water that fish bowl). Wuest translates it as Paul saying we are "not ordering the manner of our lives in the sphere of craftiness", as were the false teachers.
