αἷμα, (τος, τό, blood, whether of men or of animals: 1. a. simply and generally: Joh_19:34; Rev_8:7; Rev_11:6; Revelation 16:3 f, 6{b} (on which passages cf. Exo_7:20 ff); ; ῤύσις αἵματος, Mar_5:25 ((πηγή αἵματος Mar_5:29)); Luk_8:43 f; θρόμβοι αἵματος, Luk_22:44 (L brackets WH reject the passage). So also in passages where the eating of blood (and of bloody flesh) is forbidden, Act_15:20; Act_15:29; Act_21:25; cf. Lev_3:17; Lev_7:16 (26); ; see Knobel on Lev_7:26 f; (Kalisch on Leviticus, Preliminary Essay § 1); Ruckert, Abendmahl, p. 94. b. As it was anciently believed that the blood is the seat of the life (Lev_17:11; (cf. Delitzsch, Biblical Psychol, pp. 238-247 (English translation, p. 281ff))), the phrase σάρξ καί αἷμα (εΐγΘν αΘΜωΘ�ψ, a common phrase in rabbinical writers), or in inverse order αἷμα καί σάρξ, denotes man's living body compounded of flesh and blood, 1Co_15:50; Heb_2:14, and so hints at the contrast between man and God (or even the more exalted creatures, Eph_6:12) as to suggest his feebleness, Eph_6:12 (Sir_14:18), which is conspicuous as respects the knowledge of divine things, Gal_1:16; Mat_16:17. c. Since the first germs of animal life are thought to be in the blood (Wis_7:2; Eustathius ad Iliad 6, 211 (ii. 104, 2) τό δέ αἵματος ἀντί τοῦ σπέρματος φασίν οἱ σαφοὶ, ὡς τοῦ σπέρματος ὕλην τό αἷμα ἔχοντος), the word serves to denote generation and origin (in the classics also): Joh_1:13 (on the plural cf. Winer's Grammar, 177 (166)); Act_17:26 (R G). d. It is used of those things which by their redness resemble blood: αἷμα σταφυλῆς the juice of the grape ('the blood of grapes,' Gen_49:11; Deu_32:14), Sir_39:26 Sir_50:15; 1Ma_6:34, etc.; Achilles Tatius 2:2; reference to this is made in Rev_14:18-20. εἰς αἷμα, of the moon, Act_2:20 (Joe_2:31 ()), equivalent to ὡς αἷμα Rev_6:12. 2. bloodshed or to be shed by violence (very often also in the classics); a.: Luk_13:1 (the meaning is, whom Pilate had ordered to be massacred while they were sacrificing, so that their blood mingled with the blood (yet cf. Winer's Grammar, 623 (579)) of the victims); αἷμα ἀθοῷν (or δίκαιον Tr marginal reading WH text) the blood of an innocent (or righteous) man viz. to be shed, Mat_27:4; έ᾿κχειν and ἐκχύνειν αἷμα (γΘΜν ωΘΡτΗκ, Gen_9:6; Isa_59:7, etc.) to shed blood, slay, Mat_23:35; Luk_11:50; Act_22:20; Rom_3:15; Rev_16:6 (here Tdf. αἵματα); hence, αἷμα is used for the bloody death itself: Mat_23:30; Mat_23:35; Mat_27:24; Luk_11:51; Acts (, yet, cf. i d. above;) Act_20:26; Rev_17:6; μέχρις αἵματος unto blood, i. e., so as to undergo a bloody death, Heb_12:4 (τόν αἴτιον τῆς ... μέχρις αἵματος στάσεως, Heliodorus 7, 8); τιμή αἵματος 'price of blood' i. e. price received for murder, Mat_27:6; ἀγρός αἵματος field bought with the price of blood, Mat_27:8, equivalent to χωρίον αἵματος, Act_1:19 unless in this latter passage we prefer the explanation, which agrees better with the context, 'the field dyed with the blood of Judas'; the guilt and punishment of bloodshed, in the following Hebraistic expressions: ἐν αὐτῇ αἵματα (Rec. αἷμα (so L Tr WH)) ὑρέθη, i. e., it was discovered that she was guilty of murders, Rev_18:24 (cf. πόλις αἱμάτων, Eze_24:6); τό αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐφ' ἡμᾶς (namely, ἐλθέτω) let the penalty of the bloodshed fall on us, Mat_27:25; τό αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπί τήν κεφαλήν ὑμῶν (namely, ἐλθέτω) let the guilt of your destruction be reckoned to your own account, Act_18:6 (cf. 2Sa_1:16; Jos_2:19, etc.); ἐπάγειν τό αἷμα τίνος ἐπί τινα, to cause the punishment of a murder to be visited upon anyone, Act_5:28; ἐκζήτειν τό αἷμα τίνος ἀπό τίνος (τ ξΔιΗγ τ γΗΜν αΔΜχΕωΡ, 2Sa_4:11; Eze_3:18; Eze_3:20; Eze_33:8), to exact of anyone the penalty for another's death, Luk_11:50; the same idea is expressed by ἐκδίκειν τό αἷμα τίνος, Rev_6:10; Rev_19:2. b. It is used specially of the blood of sacrificial victims having a purifying or expiating power (Lev_17:11): Hebrews 9:7 , 12 f, 18-22 , 25 ; Heb_10:4; Heb_11:28; Heb_13:11. c. Frequent mention is made in the N. T. of the blood of Christ (αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, 1Co_10:16; τοῦ κυρίου, ; τοῦ ἀρνίου, Rev_7:14; Rev_12:11, cf. ) shed on the cross (αἷμα τοῦ σταυροῦ, Col_1:20) for the salvation of many, Mat_26:28; Mar_14:24, cf. Luk_22:20; the pledge of redemption, Eph_1:7 (ἀπολύτρωσις διά τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ; so too in Col_1:14 Rec.); 1Pe_1:19 (see ἀγοράζω, 2 b.); having expiatory efficacy, Rom_3:25; Heb_9:12; by which believers are purified and are cleansed from the guilt of sin, Heb_9:14; Heb_12:24; (); 1Jn_1:7 (cf. 1Jn_5:6; 1Jn_5:8); Rev_1:5; Rev_7:14; 1Pe_1:2; are rendered acceptable to God, Rom_5:9, and find access into the heavenly sanctuary, Heb_10:19; by which the Gentiles are brought to God and the blessings of his kingdom, Eph_2:13, and in general all rational beings on earth and in heaven are reconciled to God, Col_1:20; with which Christ purchased for himself the church, Act_20:28, and gathered it for God, Rev_5:9. Moreover, since Christ's dying blood served to establish new religious institutions and a new relationship between men and God, it is likened also to a federative or covenant sacrifice: τό αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης, the blood by the shedding of which the covenant should be ratified, Mat_26:28; Mar_14:24, or has been ratified, Heb_10:29; Heb_13:20 (cf. Heb_9:20); add, 1Co_11:25; Luk_22:20 (WH reject this passage) (in both which the meaning is, 'this cup containing wine, an emblem of blood, is rendered by the shedding of my blood an emblem of the new covenant'), 1Co_11:27; (cf. Cicero, pro Sestio 10, 24foedus sanguine meo ictum sanciri, Livy 23, 8sanguine Hannibalis sanciam Romanum foedus. πίνειν τό αἷμα αὐτοῦ (i. e. of Christ), to appropriate the saving results of Christ's death, John 6:53 f, 56 . (Westcott, Epistles of John, p. 34f.)

αἱμα haima 97x blood; of the color of blood; bloodshed; blood-guiltiness; natural descent blood; death; killing.

αἷμα , -τος , τό , [in LXX for H1818 ;] blood. 1. In the ordinary sense: Mar_5:25 , Luk_8:43-44 ; Luk_22:44 , Joh_19:34 , Act_15:20 ; Act_15:29 ; Act_21:25 , Rev_8:7-8 ; Rev_11:6 ; Rev_16:3-4 ; Rev_16:6 ; Rev_19:13 . 2. In special senses: (a) of generation, origin, kinship ( cl .): Joh_1:13 ( v. MM , VGT , s.v. ); (b) as in OT ( AR on Eph., l.c .), in the phrase σάρξ καὶ αἷ (αἷ . κ . σ .), to indicate human nature as opp . to God and created spirits: Mat_16:17 , 1Co_15:50 , Gal_1:16 , Eph_6:12 , Heb_2:14 ; (c) of things in colour resembling blood: Act_2:19-20 , Rev_6:12 ; Rev_14:18-20 (d) of bloodshed, a bloody death ( cl. ): Mat_23:30 ; Mat_23:35 ; Mat_27:4 ; Mat_27:6 ; Mat_27:8 ; Mat_27:24-25 , Luk_11:50-51 ; Luk_13:1 , Act_1:19 ; Act_5:28 ; Act_18:6 ; Act_20:26 ; Act_22:20 , Heb_12:4 , Rev_6:10 ; Rev_17:6 ; Rev_18:24 ; Rev_19:2 ; αἷ . ἐκχέειν ( Deiss., LAE , 428; MM , VGT , s.v. , αἷ ), Rom_3:15 , Rev_16:6 ; (e) of sacrificial blood, as an expiation: Heb_9:7 ; Heb_9:12-13 ; Heb_9:18-22 ; Heb_9:25 ; Heb_10:4 ; Heb_11:28 ; Heb_13:11 ; of the blood of Christ, Mat_26:28 , Mar_14:24 , Luk_22:20 , Joh_6:53-54 ; Joh_6:56 Act_20:28 , Rom_3:25 ; Rom_5:9 , 1Co_10:16 ; 1Co_11:25 ; 1Co_11:27 Eph_1:7 ; Eph_2:13 , Col_1:20 , Heb_9:12 ; Heb_9:14 ; Heb_10:19 ; Heb_10:29 ; Heb_12:24 ; Heb_13:20 , 1Pe_1:2 ; 1Pe_1:19 , 1Jn_1:7 ( cf. 1Jn_5:6 ; 1Jn_5:8 ), Rev_1:5 ; Rev_5:9 ; Rev_7:14 ; Rev_12:11 . ( Cremer , 69 f ., 612 f .)†

αἷμα [page 13] An interesting parallel to the common Biblical phrase αἷμα ἐκχέω , especially as it appears in Deu_19:10 καὶ οὐκ ἐκχυθήσεται αἷμα ἀναίτιον , is afforded by an inscription found on a tombstone at Rheneia, containing a Jewish prayer for vengeance, Syll 816 .5 f. (ii/B.C.) ἐγχέαντας αὐτῆς τὸ ἀναίτιον αἷμα ἀδίκως : see the full discussion in Deissmann LAE p. 423 ff. . For the use of αἷμα , as in Joh_1:13 , cf. P Lips I. 28 .16 (A.D. 381) πρ [ὸ ]ς τὸ εἶναί σου υἱ [ὸ ]ν γνήσιον καὶ πρωτότοκον ὡς ἐξ ἰδίου αἵματος γεννηθέντα σοι . In P Leid C ( verso ) ii. 9 (p. 118 B.C. 161) two men appear in a dream saying Πτολεμαῖος , λαβὲ το [ὺς ] χαλκοὺς τοῦ αἵματος : they count out a purseful and say to one of the Twins εἰδοὺ τοὺς χαλκοὺς τοῦ αἵματος . Leemans quotes an opinion that this meant the price of a victim, and compares Mat_27:6 . In the sense of murder or blood-guiltiness it finds modern support in the Pontic dialect (Thumb BZ , xxii. p. 489), which is evidence for its place in the Eastern Κοινή , apart from any Semitic influence.

αἷμα "blood", Hom. , etc.; in pl. "streams of blood", Trag. "bloodshed, murder", Aesch. , etc.: —ἐφ᾽ αἵματι φεύγειν to avoid trial for "murder" by going into exile, Dem. ; so, αἷμα φεύγειν Eur. like Lat. sanguis, blood-relationship, kin, Soph. , Hom. , etc.; ὁ πρὸς αἵματος one of "the blood or race", Soph. ; μητρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς ἐν αἵματι "akin" to her "by blood", Aesch. [Etym: Deriv. uncertain.]

αἷμα, ατος, τό, [in LXX for דָּם ;] blood. __1. In the ordinary sense: Mrk.5:25, Luk.8:43,44 22:44, Jhn.19:34, Act.15:20,29 21:25, Rev.8:7,8 11:6 16:3,4,6 19:13. __2. In special senses: __(a) of generation, origin, kinship (cl.): Jhn.1:13 (see MM, VGT, see word); __(b) as in OT (AR on Eph, l.with), in the phrase σάρξ καὶ αἷ. (αἷ. κ. σ.), to indicate human nature as opposite to God and created spirits: Mat.16:17, 1Co.15:50, Gal.1:16, Eph.6:12, Heb.2:14; __(with) of things in colour resembling blood: Act.2:19,20, Rev.6:12 14:18-20. __(d) of bloodshed, a bloody death (cl.): Mat.23:30,35 27:4,6,8,24,25, Luk.11:50,51 13:1, Act.1:19 5:28 18:6 20:26 22:20, Heb.12:4, Rev.6:10 17:6 18:24 19:2 ; αἷ. ἐκχέειν (Deiss., LAE, 428; MM, VGT, see word, αἷ.), Rom.3:15, Rev.16:6; __(e) of sacrificial blood, as an expiation: Heb.9:7,12,13,18-22,25 10:4 11:28 13:11; of the blood of Christ, Mat.26:28, Mrk.14:24, Luk.22:20, Jhn.6:53,54,56, Act.20:28, Rom.3:25 5:9, 1Co.10:16 11:25,27, Eph.1:7 2:13, Col.1:20, Heb.9:12,14 10:19,29 12:24 13:20, 1Pe.1:2,19, 1Jn.1:7 (cf. 5:6,8), Rev.1:5 5:9 7:14 12:11. (Cremer, 69 f., 612 f.) † (AS)