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St. Augustine

Confessions - Book X - Chapter XX

St. Augustine explores the nature of true happiness as a soul’s longing for God, asserting that genuine joy is found only in union with the Divine.
In this devotional sermon from Confessions Book X, Chapter XX, St. Augustine meditates on the soul’s innate desire for happiness and its ultimate fulfillment in God. He reflects on the nature of happiness as something universally longed for, yet mysterious and deeply connected to memory and hope. Augustine invites listeners to seek true joy not in worldly things but in the divine presence that gives life to the soul.

Text

29. How, then, do I seek thee, O Lord? For when I seek thee, my God, I seek a happy life. I will seek thee that my soul may live.[340] For my body lives by my soul, and my soul lives by thee. How, then, do I seek a happy life, since happiness is not mine till I can rightly say: \"It is enough. This is it.\" How do I seek it? Is it by remembering, as though I had forgotten it and still knew that I had forgotten it? Do I seek it in longing to learn of it as though it were something unknown, which either I had never known or had so completely forgotten as not even to remember that I had forgotten it? Is not the happy life the thing that all desire, and is there anyone who does not desire it at all?[341] But where would they have gotten the knowledge of it, that they should so desire it? Where have they seen it that they should so love it? It is somehow true that we have it, but how I do not know. There is, indeed, a sense in which when anyone has his desire he is happy. And then there are some who are happy in hope. These are happy in an inferior degree to those that are actually happy; yet they are better off than those who are happy neither in actuality nor in hope. But even these, if they had not known happiness in some degree, would not then desire to be happy. And yet it is most certain that they do so desire. How they come to know happiness, I cannot tell, but they have it by some kind of knowledge unknown to me, for I am very much in doubt as to whether it is in the memory. For if it is in there, then we have been happy once on a time--either each of us individually or all of us in that man who first sinned and in whom also we all died and from whom we are all born in misery. How this is, I do not now ask; but I do ask whether the happy life is in the memory. For if we did not know it, we should not love it. We hear the name of it, and we all acknowledge that we desire the thing, for we are not delighted with the name only. For when a Greek hears it spoken in Latin, he does not feel delighted, for he does not know what has been spoken. But we are as delighted as he would be in turn if he heard it in Greek, because the thing itself is neither Greek nor Latin, this happiness which Greeks and Latins and men of all the other tongues long so earnestly to obtain. It is, then, known to all; and if all could with one voice be asked whether they wished to be happy, there is no doubt they would all answer that they would. And this would not be possible unless the thing itself, which we name \"happiness,\" were held in the memory.

Sermon Outline

  1. I
    • The soul’s quest for happiness
    • Happiness as the ultimate desire of all
    • Seeking God as the source of true life
  2. II
    • The nature of happiness in memory and hope
    • Distinguishing actual happiness from hopeful happiness
    • The universal knowledge and longing for happiness
  3. III
    • The relationship between sin, death, and lost happiness
    • The mystery of happiness held in memory
    • The universal acknowledgment of the desire for happiness

Key Quotes

“How, then, do I seek thee, O Lord? For when I seek thee, my God, I seek a happy life.” — St. Augustine
“It is somehow true that we have it, but how I do not know.” — St. Augustine
“We are as delighted as he would be in turn if he heard it in Greek, because the thing itself is neither Greek nor Latin, this happiness which Greeks and Latins and men of all the other tongues long so earnestly to obtain.” — St. Augustine

Application Points

  • Seek God as the true source of lasting happiness in your life.
  • Recognize that your deepest desires point toward a divine fulfillment.
  • Reflect on your memories and hopes as signs of God’s presence within your soul.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does St. Augustine mean by happiness?
He defines happiness as the soul’s fulfillment found only in God, the ultimate source of true life and joy.
Why does everyone desire happiness according to Augustine?
Because happiness is known in some way to the soul, even if forgotten, making it a universal longing.
How does memory relate to happiness in this sermon?
Augustine suggests happiness may be held in the soul’s memory, explaining why people desire something they may not consciously recall.
What is the difference between actual happiness and happiness in hope?
Actual happiness is the full experience of joy, while happiness in hope is a lesser joy based on anticipating that happiness.

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