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St. Augustine

Confessions - Book VI - Chapter IV

St. Augustine reflects on his journey from doubt and error to embracing the truth and faith of the Catholic Church, emphasizing the necessity of belief for the healing of the soul.
In this reflective sermon, St. Augustine recounts his personal struggle with doubt and his eventual conversion to the truth of the Catholic Church. He explores the tension between literal and spiritual understanding of scripture, guided by the teachings of Ambrose. Augustine emphasizes the vital role of faith as the healing medicine for the soul, illustrating the journey from skepticism to spiritual certainty.

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5. Since I could not then understand how this image of thine could subsist, I should have knocked on the door and propounded the doubt as to how it was to be believed, and not have insultingly opposed it as if it were actually believed. Therefore, my anxiety as to what I could retain as certain gnawed all the more sharply into my soul, and I felt quite ashamed because during the long time I had been deluded and deceived by the [Manichean] promises of certainties, I had, with childish petulance, prated of so many uncertainties as if they were certain. That they were falsehoods became apparent to me only afterward. However, I was certain that they were uncertain and since I had held them as certainly uncertain I had accused thy Catholic Church with a blind contentiousness. I had not yet discovered that it taught the truth, but I now knew that it did not teach what I had so vehemently accused it of. In this respect, at least, I was confounded and converted; and I rejoiced, O my God, that the one Church, the body of thy only Son--in which the name of Christ had been sealed upon me as an infant--did not relish these childish trifles and did not maintain in its sound doctrine any tenet that would involve pressing thee, the Creator of all, into space, which, however extended and immense, would still be bounded on all sides--like the shape of a human body. 6. I was also glad that the old Scriptures of the Law and the Prophets were laid before me to be read, not now with an eye to what had seemed absurd in them when formerly I censured thy holy ones for thinking thus, when they actually did not think in that way. And I listened with delight to Ambrose, in his sermons to the people, often recommending this text most diligently as a rule: \"The letter kills, but the spirit gives life,\"[157] while at the same time he drew aside the mystic veil and opened to view the spiritual meaning of what seemed to teach perverse doctrine if it were taken according to the letter. I found nothing in his teachings that offended me, though I could not yet know for certain whether what he taught was true. For all this time I restrained my heart from assenting to anything, fearing to fall headlong into error. Instead, by this hanging in suspense, I was being strangled.[158] For my desire was to be as certain of invisible things as I was that seven and three are ten. I was not so deranged as to believe that this could not be comprehended, but my desire was to have other things as clear as this, whether they were physical objects, which were not present to my senses, or spiritual objects, which I did not know how to conceive of except in physical terms. If I could have believed, I might have been cured, and, with the sight of my soul cleared up, it might in some way have been directed toward thy truth, which always abides and fails in nothing. But, just as it happens that a man who has tried a bad physician fears to trust himself with a good one, so it was with the health of my soul, which could not be healed except by believing. But lest it should believe falsehoods, it refused to be cured, resisting thy hand, who hast prepared for us the medicines of faith and applied them to the maladies of the whole world, and endowed them with such great efficacy.

Sermon Outline

  1. I
    • Struggle with understanding the image of God
    • Recognition of past errors and false certainties
    • Initial rejection and later acceptance of Church teaching
  2. II
    • Reevaluation of the Old Testament Scriptures
    • Learning from Ambrose’s spiritual interpretation
    • Distinguishing letter from spirit in scripture
  3. III
    • Fear of falling into error prevents belief
    • Desire for certainty in invisible spiritual truths
    • Faith as the medicine for the soul’s maladies

Key Quotes

“I was certain that they were uncertain and since I had held them as certainly uncertain I had accused thy Catholic Church with a blind contentiousness.” — St. Augustine
“The letter kills, but the spirit gives life.” — St. Augustine
“Just as it happens that a man who has tried a bad physician fears to trust himself with a good one, so it was with the health of my soul, which could not be healed except by believing.” — St. Augustine

Application Points

  • Approach doubts with honest inquiry rather than opposition to faith.
  • Seek spiritual understanding beyond the literal words of scripture.
  • Recognize that faith is essential for the healing and growth of the soul.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did Augustine struggle with belief?
He desired certainty in spiritual matters as clear as mathematical truths and feared being deceived by falsehoods.
What role did Ambrose play in Augustine’s journey?
Ambrose’s sermons helped Augustine see the spiritual meaning behind scripture beyond the literal interpretation.
How did Augustine view the Catholic Church during his doubts?
He initially accused it wrongly but later recognized it taught the truth and rejected childish errors.
What prevented Augustine from immediately believing?
His soul resisted belief to avoid accepting falsehoods, despite needing faith for healing.
What is the significance of faith according to Augustine?
Faith is the medicine prepared by God to heal the soul and bring it to truth.

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