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Martin Luther
Martin Luther (1483–1546). Born on November 10, 1483, in Eisleben, Saxony (now Germany), to Hans and Margarethe Luther, Martin Luther grew up in a strict Catholic household, his father intent on him becoming a lawyer. After earning a bachelor’s degree in 1501 and a master’s in 1505 at the University of Erfurt, a near-fatal thunderstorm experience led him to vow to St. Anne, entering an Augustinian monastery in 1505. Ordained a priest in 1507, he grappled with spiritual turmoil over sin until finding peace in justification by faith through studying Romans. Appointed professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg in 1512, he earned a doctorate and lectured with deepening conviction. On October 31, 1517, he nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the Wittenberg Castle Church door, condemning indulgences and igniting the Protestant Reformation. His works, like On the Freedom of a Christian (1520), challenged papal authority, spreading rapidly and emphasizing salvation by grace through faith alone. Excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1521 and outlawed at the Diet of Worms, Luther stood firm, protected by Frederick the Wise, and hid at Wartburg Castle, translating the New Testament into German in 1522 to make Scripture accessible. Back in Wittenberg, he preached thousands of sermons, wrote hymns like “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God,” and penned The Bondage of the Will (1525), defending divine sovereignty. In 1525, he married Katharina von Bora, a former nun, raising six children in a vibrant Christian home, modeling family life. His reforms ended clerical celibacy, simplified worship, and birthed Lutheranism, though his harsh words against Jews and peasants drew criticism. Despite chronic illness, he produced catechisms, a full Bible translation by 1534, and mediated disputes until his death on February 18, 1546, in Eisleben. Luther said, “Here I stand, I can do no other, so help me God.”
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Martin Luther preaches about the conflict in the Galatian churches where Jewish-Christian fanatics distorted Paul's Gospel of justification by faith in Christ, leading to a grudge against the Gospel for condemning worldly religious wisdom. Despite offering salvation and blessings, the Gospel is abhorred by the world. These false apostles undermined Paul's authority by boasting of their credentials and questioning his ministry, a tactic also used by the papacy to deceive believers. In response, Paul boldly defends his apostolic authority and the Gospel he received directly from the Lord Jesus Christ, warning against any deviation from the true Gospel.
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Paul, an Apostle, (Not of Men, Neither by Man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, Who Raised Him From the Dead).
St. Paul wrote this epistle because, after his departure from the Galatian churches, Jewish-Christian fanatics moved in, who perverted Paul’s Gospel of man’s free justification by faith in Christ Jesus. The world bears the Gospel a grudge because the Gospel condemns the religious wisdom of the world. Jealous for its own religious views, the world in turn charges the Gospel with being a subversive and licentious doctrine, offensive to God and man, a doctrine to be persecuted as the worst plague on earth. As a result we have this paradoxical situation: The Gospel supplies the world with the salvation of Jesus Christ, peace of conscience, and every blessing. Just for that the world abhors the Gospel. These Jewish-Christian fanatics who pushed themselves into the Galatian churches after Paul’s departure, boasted that they were the descendants of Abraham, true ministers of Christ, having been trained by the apostles themselves, that they were able to perform miracles. In every way they sought to undermine the authority of St. Paul. They said to the Galatians: “You have no right to think highly of Paul. He was the last to turn to Christ. But we have seen Christ. We heard Him preach. Paul came later and is beneath us. It is possible for us to be in error—we who have received the Holy Ghost? Paul stands alone. He has not seen Christ, nor has he had much contact with the other apostles. Indeed, he persecuted the Church of Christ for a long time.” 10When men claiming such credentials come along, they deceive not only the naive, but also those who seemingly are well-established in the faith. This same argument is used by the papacy. “Do you suppose that God for the sake of a few Lutheran heretics would disown His entire Church? Or do you suppose that God would have left His Church floundering in error all these centuries?” The Galatians were taken in by such arguments with the result that Paul’s authority and doctrine were drawn in question. Against these boasting, false apostles, Paul boldly defends his apostolic authority and ministry. Humble man that he was, he will not now take a back seat. He reminds them of the time when he opposed Peter to his face and reproved the chief of the apostles. Paul devotes the first two chapters to a defense of his office and his Gospel, affirming that he received it, not from men, but from the Lord Jesus Christ by special revelation, and that if he or an angel from heaven preach any other gospel than the one he had preached, he shall be accursed.
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Martin Luther (1483–1546). Born on November 10, 1483, in Eisleben, Saxony (now Germany), to Hans and Margarethe Luther, Martin Luther grew up in a strict Catholic household, his father intent on him becoming a lawyer. After earning a bachelor’s degree in 1501 and a master’s in 1505 at the University of Erfurt, a near-fatal thunderstorm experience led him to vow to St. Anne, entering an Augustinian monastery in 1505. Ordained a priest in 1507, he grappled with spiritual turmoil over sin until finding peace in justification by faith through studying Romans. Appointed professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg in 1512, he earned a doctorate and lectured with deepening conviction. On October 31, 1517, he nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the Wittenberg Castle Church door, condemning indulgences and igniting the Protestant Reformation. His works, like On the Freedom of a Christian (1520), challenged papal authority, spreading rapidly and emphasizing salvation by grace through faith alone. Excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1521 and outlawed at the Diet of Worms, Luther stood firm, protected by Frederick the Wise, and hid at Wartburg Castle, translating the New Testament into German in 1522 to make Scripture accessible. Back in Wittenberg, he preached thousands of sermons, wrote hymns like “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God,” and penned The Bondage of the Will (1525), defending divine sovereignty. In 1525, he married Katharina von Bora, a former nun, raising six children in a vibrant Christian home, modeling family life. His reforms ended clerical celibacy, simplified worship, and birthed Lutheranism, though his harsh words against Jews and peasants drew criticism. Despite chronic illness, he produced catechisms, a full Bible translation by 1534, and mediated disputes until his death on February 18, 1546, in Eisleben. Luther said, “Here I stand, I can do no other, so help me God.”