This is a very common name in the Old Testament, and frequently given by the Hebrews to their children: and is not to be wondered at, for it is derived from Shalem, peace.
Shal´lum (retribution), the fifteenth king of Israel. In the troubled times which followed the death of Jeroboam II, B.C. 772, his son Zechariah was slain in the presence of the people by Shallum, who by this act extinguished the dynasty of Jehu. Shallum then mounted the throne (B.C. 771), but occupied it only one month, being opposed and slain by Menahem, who mounted the throne thus vacated (2Ki 15:10-15).
2. A king of Judah, son of Josiah (Jer 22:11), better known by the name of Jehoahaz [JEHOAHAZ, 2].
3. The husband of Huldah the prophetess (2Ki 22:14). Several other persons of this name occur in Ezr 2:42; Ezr 7:2; Ezr 10:24; Ezr 10:42; Neh 3:12; Neh 7:45; 1Ch 2:40.
1. Son of Jabesh, or a native of Jebesh, who treacherously killed Zechariah King of Israel and usurped his kingdom, B. C. 772. He held it only one month, when Menahem son of Gadi killed him in Samaria. Scripture says that Shallun was the executioner of the threatenings of the Lord against the house of Jehu, 2Ki 15:10-15 .\par 2. See JEHOAHAZ 2.\par 3. The husband of Huldah the prophetess in the time of Josiah, 2Ki 22:14 .\par Others of the time are alluded to in Num 26:49 1Ch 2:40 9:17,19,31 Ezr 2:42 7:2 10:24,42 Ne 3:12 7:45.\par
Shal’lum. (retribution).
1. The fifteenth king of Israel, son of Jabesh, who conspired against Zachariah, killed him, and brought the dynasty of Jehu to a close, B.C. 770. Shallum, after reigning in Samaria for a month only, was, in his turn, dethroned and killed by Menahem. 2Ki 15:10-14.
2. The husband of Huldah, the prophetess, 2Ki 22:14; 2Ch 34:23, in the reign of Josiah. (B.C. 830).
3. A descendant of Shesham. 1Ch 2:40-41.
4. The third son of Josiah, king of Judah, known in the books of Kings and Chronicles as Jehoahaz. 1Ch 3:15; Jer 22:11. See Jehoahaz. (B.C. 610).
5. Son of Shaul, the son of Simeon. 1Ch 4:25.
6. A high priest. 1Ch 6:12-13; Ezr 7:2.
7. A son of Naphtali. 1Ch 7:13.
8. The chief of a family of porters, or gate-keepers, of the east gate of the Temple. 1Ch 9:17. (B.C. 1050).
9. Son of Kore, a Korahite. 1Ch 9:19; 1Ch 9:31.
10. Father of Jehizkiah, an Ephraimite. 2Ch 28:12.
11. One of the porters of the Temple, who had married a foreign wife. Ezr 10:24.
12. One of the sons of Bani. Ezr 10:42.
13. The son of Halohesh, and ruler of a district of Jerusalem. Neh 3:12.
14. The uncle of Jeremiah, Jer 32:7, perhaps the same as Shallum, 2.
15. Father, or ancestor, of Maaseiah Jer 35:4, perhaps the same as Shallum, 9. (B.C. 630).
("retribution".)
1. Son of Jabesh; 15th king of Israel. Smote Zachariah, son of Jeroboam II, openly before the people (showing that their sympathies were with him), and seized the kingdom (2Ki 15:9-10), thereby fulfilling the prophecy that Jehu’s dynasty should last only to the fourth generation (2Ki 10:30). Slain after a month’s reign by Menahem, illustrating the retributive law (Mat 26:52; Rev 13:10).
2. The prophetess Huldah’s husband (2Ki 22:14); keeper of the priestly vestments (2Ch 34:22).
3. 1Ch 2:40-41
4. King Josiah’s fourth son in order, according to 1Ch 3:15; Jer 22:11; by birth third son
5. 1Ch 4:25.
6. Ezr 7:2; 1Ch 6:12-13.
7. 1Ch 7:13; SHILLEM in Gen 46:24; Num 25:48-49.
9. Son of Kore (1Ch 9:19; 1Ch 9:31). From 1Ch 9:18 it seems Shallum, etc., were of higher rank than Shallum, Akkub, etc., who were "for the companies of the sons of Levi."
10. 2Ch 28:12.
11. Ezr 10:24.
12. Ezr 10:42.
13. Rebuilt the wall with his daughters (Neh 3:12).
14. Jeremiah’s uncle (Jer 32:7); perhaps the same as Shallum, Huldah’s husband.
15. Jer 35:4.
Shallum (shăl’lum), retribution. The murderer of Zachariah, king of Israel. He usurped the crown, but was slain by Menahem at the end of the first month of his reign, b.c. 771. 2Ki 15:10-15.
[Shal’lum]
1. Son of Jabesh: he slew Zachariah king of Israel, and reigned in his stead; but after one month he was killed by Menahem, who succeeded him on the throne. 2Ki 15:10-15.
2. Husband of Huldah the prophetess. 2Ki 22:14; 2Ch 34:22.
3. Son of Sisamai, a descendant of Judah. 1Ch 2:40-41.
4. Son of Josiah king of Judah: he succeeded his father, but after a reign of three months he was deposed by Pharaoh-necho, and taken to Egypt, where he died. 1Ch 3:15; Jer 22:11-12. He is called JEHOAHAZ in 2Ki 23:30-34; 2Ch 36:1-4. The margin of 1Ch 3:15 identifies Johanan with Jehoahaz, but Jer 22:11-12 shows it was Shallum who reigned under the name of Jehoahaz. He was evidently not the youngest son, though last on the list.
5. Son of Shaul, a son of Simeon. 1Ch 4:25.
6. Son of Zadok the priest. 1Ch 6:12-13; Ezr 7:2. Probably the same as MESHULLAM in Neh 11:11.
7. Son of Naphtali. 1Ch 7:13. Called SHILLEM in Gen 46:24; Num 26:49.
8. A Levite gate-keeper of the tabernacle whose descendants returned from exile. 1Ch 9:17; Ezr 2:42; Neh 7:45.
9. Son of Kore: a keeper of the gates of the tabernacle. 1Ch 9:19; 1Ch 9:31.
10. Father of Jehizkiah, one of the ’heads’ of Ephraim. 2Ch 28:12.
11, 12. Two who had married strange wives. Ezr 10:24; Ezr 10:42.
13. Son of Halohesh: he repaired the wall of Jerusalem, apparently assisted by his daughters. Neh 3:12.
14. Father of Hanameel and uncle of Jeremiah. Jer 32:7.
15. Father of Maaseiah. Jer 35:4.
By: Emil G. Hirsch, E. I. Nathans, Wilhelm Bacher, Louis Ginzberg
—Biblical Data:
1. King of Israel who dethroned Zechariah, the last of Jehu's dynasty, and succeeded him. He was in turn dethroned by Menahem (II Kings xv. 10-16).
2. Son of Josiah, King of Judah (Jer. xxii. 11). Probably the term is used merely as an epithet = "the desired one"; hence I Chron. iii. 15 makes Shallum the fourth son of Josiah.
3. Husband of Huldah, the prophetess (II Kings xxii. 14).
—In Rabbinical Literature:
Even at the time of the prophet Elisha, Shallum was one of the most eminent men ("mi-gedole ha-dor") in the country. Yet he did not think it beneath his dignity to lend personal aid to the poor and the needy. It was one of his daily habits to go outside the gates of the city in order that he might give water to thirsty wanderers. God rewarded him by endowing him and his wife Huldah with the gift of prophecy. Another special reward was given him for his philanthropy, for it is he who is referred to in II Kings xiii. 21, where one who was dead awoke to life after being cast into Elisha's sepulcher and touching the prophet's bones. A son was granted him, who became distinguished for exceeding piety—Hanameel, Jeremiah's cousin (Jer. xxxii. 7; Pirḳe R. El. xxxiii.). In Sifre, Num. 78 he is expressly designated as a prophet, David Luria's emendation of the passage in note 59 to the Pirḳe being, therefore, justified. Shallum and his wife were descendants of Rahab by her marriage with Joshua (Sifre, l.c.; Meg. 14b).
4. A Judahite (I Chron. ii. 40 et seq.).
5. A descendant of Simeon (ib. iv. 25).
6. A high priest; son of Zadok (ib. vi. 12-13; Ezra vii. 12).
7. A son of Naphtali (I Chron. vii. 13; "Shillem" in Gen. xlvi. 24 and Num. xxvi. 49).
8. Ancestor of a family of gatekeepers of the sanctuary (I Chron. ix. 17; Ezra ii. 42 = Neh. vii. 45).
9. A Korahite gatekeeper (I Chron. ix. 19; "Shelemiah," ib. xxvi. 14; "Meshelemiah," ib. xxvi. 1, 2, 9).
10. Father of Jehizkiah, an Ephraimite chief (II Chron. xxviii. 12).
11, 12. A porter (Ezra x. 24), and a son of Bani (ib. x. 42), both of whom took foreign wives.
13. Uncle of Jeremiah from whom the prophet bought the field in Anathoth (Jer. xxxii. 7).
14. The son of Halohesh (R. V. "Hallohesh"); he was among those who helped to repair the wall of Jerusalem (Neh. iii. 12).
15. Father of Maaseiah; keeper of the threshold (Jer. xxxv. 4).
16. Son of Col-hozeh (Neh. iii. 15).
SHALLUM, an inhabitant of Jabesh, was nominally king of Israel for one month in the period of anarchy which preceded the extinction of the nation. As he assassinated his predecessor Zechariah, so in turn he was ‘removed’ by his successor Menahem (2Ki 15:10 ff.).
H. P. Smith.
SHALLUM.—1. See preced. article, 2. See Jehoahaz, 2. 3. The husband (or son, LXX
(1) The youngest son of Naphtali (1Ch 7:13). He is also called “Shillem” in Gen 46:24; Num 26:49.
(2) A descendant of Simeon, the son of Shaul and the father of Mibsam (1Ch 4:25). He lived in 1618 BC.
(3) The son of Sismai “son” of Shesham of the tribe of Judah (1Ch 2:40, 1Ch 2:41). He lived in 1300 BC.
(4) A son of Kore, a porter of the sanctuary during the reign of David (1Ch 9:17, 1Ch 9:19, 1Ch 9:31; Ezr 2:42; Neh 7:45). The name is also written “Meshullam” in Neh 12:25, “Salum” in 1 Esdras 5:28, “Meshelemiah” in 1Ch 26:1, 1Ch 26:2, 1Ch 26:9, and “Shelemiah” in 1Ch 26:14. He lived about 1050 BC.
(5) A son of Zadok and father of Hilkiah, a high priest and ancestor of Ezra the scribe (1Ch 6:12, 1Ch 6:13; Ezr 7:2). In the works of Josephus he is called “Sallumus”; in 1 Esdras 8:1, “Salem,” and in 2 Esdras 1:1, “Salemas.”
(6) The 15th king of Israel. See following article.
(7) A son of Bani, a priest who had taken a heathen wife and was compelled by Ezra the scribe to put her away (Ezr 10:42; omitted in 1 Esdras 9:34).
(8) The father of Jehizkiah, an Ephraimite in the time of Ahaz king of Israel (2Ch 28:12).
(9) The husband of the prophetess Huldah (2Ki 22:14; 2Ch 34:22). He was the keeper of the sacred wardrobe and was probably the uncle of Jeremiah the prophet (Jer 32:7; compare Jer 35:4).
(10) King of Judah and son of Josiah (Jer 22:11; 1Ch 3:15), better known by the name Jehoahaz II. This name he received when he ascended the throne of the kingdom of Judah (2Ch 36:1).
(11) A Levite who was a porter at the time of Ezra (Ezr 10:24; “Sallumus” in 1 Esdras 9:25).
(12) A ruler over a part of Jerusalem and a son of Hallohesh. He with his daughters aided in building the walls of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:12).
Two kings mentioned in the biblical record had the name Shallum, and each reigned for only a very short time. Shallum of Israel gained the throne through murdering the previous king, but one month later he himself was murdered (in 752 BC; 2Ki 15:10; 2Ki 15:13-14). Shallum of Judah (who was also known as Jehoahaz) reigned only three months before Pharaoh Necho deposed him and took him captive to Egypt (in 609 BC; 2Ki 23:30-34; Jer 22:11-12; see JEHOAHAZ). Several Old Testament characters of lesser importance also had the name Shallum.