Pannag

Pan´nag occurs only once in Scripture, but so much uncertainty exists respecting the meaning of the word, that in many translations, as, for instance, in the Authorized English Version, the original is retained. Thus in the account of the commerce of Tyre, it is stated in Eze 27:17, ’Judah and the land of Israel, they were thy merchants; they traded in thy markets wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, and oil, and honey, and balm’ (tzeri, translated also rosin in the margin of the English Bible). From the context it is evident that wheat, oil, and honey, were conveyed by Judah and Israel, that is, the products of their country as an agricultural people, as articles of traffic to the merchants and manufacturers of Tyre, who, it is certain, must, from their insular position, have obtained their chief articles of diet from the neighboring land of Syria. It is probable, therefore, that pannag and tzeri, whatever they may have been, were the produce of Palestine, or at least of Syria. Some have considered pannag to indicate balsam, others cassia, and some again sweetmeats. The Syrian version renders it by a word which signifies millet. The variety and conflicting character of these interpretations are a sufficient proof that pannag must still be considered undetermined.

In Eze 27:17, is the Hebrew word for some unknown product of Palestine, which the Jews sold to the Tyrians. It is variously understood to mean millet, sweetmeats, a delicate spice, etc.\par

Pannag. (sweet). An article of commerce, exported from Palestine to Tyre, Eze 27:17, the nature of which is a pure matter of conjecture, as the term occurs nowhere else. A comparison of the passage in Ezekiel with Gen 43:11, leads to the supposition that pannag represents some of the spices grown in Palestine.

Grotius identifies with Phoenice or Canaan (Eze 27:17). "Judah and Israel supplied thy market with wheat" The Septuagint translated "cassia," Syriac translated "millet." Pannaga in Sanskrit is an aromatic plant (compare Gen 43:11).

Pannag. Eze 27:17. Some kind of spice or millet, or "perhaps a kind of confection," E. V. margin.

An unknown article of commerce, exported from Palestine to Tyre. Eze 27:17.

PANNAG.—A word of doubtful genuineness occurring only in Eze 27:17, in a list of articles which had a place in the commerce of Judah and Israel with Tyre. RV [Note: Revised Version.] simply transliterates the word, with marg. note,’ perhaps a kind of confection.’ AV [Note: Authorized Version.] had understood the word as a place name, ‘wheat of Minnith and Pannag.’ Of the suggested emendations may be mentioned Cornill’s ‘wax’ (dônag), and Cheyne’s ‘grape-syrup,’ for which see Honey.

A. R. S. Kennedy.

pan´ag (פּנּג, pannagh; κασία, kası́a; Eze 27:17 margin, “Perhaps a kind of confection”): One of the articles of commerce of Judah and Israel. The kasia of the Septuagint is said to be a shrub similar to the laurel. Nothing is known of the nature of pannag. Cheyne (EB, 3555) thinks the Heb letters have got misplaced and should be גּפן, gephen, “vine,” and he would join to it the דּבשׁ, d^ebhash, “honey,” which follows in the verse, giving a translation “grape honey,” the ordinary dibbs of Palestine - an extremely likely article of commerce. See HONEY.

See Millet