Hadad

son of the king of East Edom, was carried into Egypt by his father’s servants, when Joab, general of David’s troops, extirpated the males of Edom. Hadad was then a child. The king of Egypt gave him a house, lands, and every necessary subsistence, and married him to the sister of Tahpenes, his queen. By her he had a son, named Genubath, whom Queen Tahpenes educated in Pharaoh’s house with the king’s children. Hadad being informed that David was dead, and that Joab was killed, desired leave to return into his own country. Pharaoh wished to detain him, but at last permitted his return to Edom. Here he began to raise disturbances against Solomon; but the Scripture does not mention particulars. Josephus says, that Hadad did not return to Edom till long after the death of David, when Solomon’s affairs began to decline, by reason of his impieties. He also observes, that, not being able to engage the Edomites to revolt, because of the strong garrisons which Solomon had placed there, Hadad got together such people as were willing, and carried them to Razon, then in rebellion against Hadadezer, king of Syria. Razon received Hadad with joy, and assisted him in conquering part of Syria, where he reigned, and from whence he insulted Solomon’s territories.

Ha´dad (sharp) is equivalent to Adad, the name of the chief deity of the Syrians [ADAD], and borne, with or without additions, as a proper name, or more probably as a title, like ’Pharaoh’ in Egypt, by several of the kings of Southern Syria.

Hadad, 1

Hadad, king of Edom, who defeated the Midianites in the intervening territory of Moab (Gen 36:35; 1Ch 1:46). This is the only one of the ancient kings of Edom whose exploits are recorded by Moses. Another king of Edom of the same name is mentioned in 1Ch 1:51.

Hadad, 2

Hadad, king of Syria, who reigned in Damascus at the time that David attacked and defeated Hadadezer, king of Zobah, whom he marched to assist, and shared in his defeat. This fact is recorded in 2Sa 8:5, but the name of the king is not given. It is supplied, however, by Josephus, who reports, after Nicolas of Damascus, that he carried succors to Hadadezer as far as the Euphrates, where David defeated them both.

Hadad, 3

Hadad, a young prince of the royal race of Edom, who, when his country was conquered by David, contrived, in the heat of the massacre committed by Joab, to escape with some of his father’s servants, or rather was carried off by them into the land of Midian. Thence Hadad went into the desert of Paran, and eventually proceeded to Egypt. He was there most favorably received by the king, who assigned him an estate and establishment suited to his rank, and even gave him in marriage the sister of his own consort, by whom he had a son, who was brought up in the palace with the sons of Pharaoh. Hadad remained in Egypt till after the death of David and Joab, when he returned to his own country in the hope of recovering his father’s throne (1Ki 11:14-22). The Scripture does not record the result of this attempt further than by mentioning him as one of the troublers of Solomon’s reign, which implies some measure of success.

1. An Idumean prince, who defeated the Midianites in the plains of Moab, Gen 36:35 1Ch 1:16 .\par 2. A second prince of Edom, mentioned in 1Ch 1:51 .\par 3. Another Edomite of the royal family, who fled to Egypt while young, upon David’s conquest of Edom, 2Sa 8:14 ; was well received, and married the queen’s sister. After the death of David and Joab, he returned to Edom and made an ineffectual effort to throw off the yoke of Solomon, 1Ki 11:14-22 2Ch 8:17 .\par

Ha’dad. (mighty). Originally, the indigenous appellation of the sun, among the Syrians, and thence, transferred to the king as the highest of earthly authorities. The title appears to have been an official one, like Pharaoh. It is found occasionally in the altered form of Hadar. Gen 25:15; Gen 36:39 compared with 1Ch 1:30; 1Ch 1:50.

1. Son of Ishmael. Gen 25:15; 1Ch 1:30.

2. A king of Edom, who gained an important victory over the Midianites, on the field of Moab. Gen 36:35; 1Ch 1:46.

3. Also a king of Edom, with Pau for his capital. 1Ch 1:50.

4. A member of the royal house of Edom. 1Ki 11:14. Ff. In his childhood, he escaped the massacre under Joab, and fled, with a band of followers, into Egypt. Pharaoh, the predecessor of Solomon’s father-in-law, treated him kindly, and gave him his sister-in-law in marriage. After David’s death, Hadad resolved to attempt the recovery of his dominion. He left Egypt and returned to his own country.

A name often recurring in the Syrian and Edomite dynasties, meaning the sun; so applied as the official title to the king, as supreme on earth as the sun is in the sky. It appears in Ben-hadad, son, i.e. worshipper, of Hadad; Hadad-ezer, helped by Hadad. It appears as Hadar. (See HADAR.) (Gen 25:15; compare 1Ch 1:30; 1Ch 1:50). Nicolaus of Damascus (Fragm. 31), friend of Augustus Caesar (Josephus, Ant. 7:5, sec. 2), confirms 2Sa 8:3 as to David’s defeating Hadadezer or Hadarezer, king of Zobah, "when he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates"; Nicolaus says, "a certain Hadad, a native Syrian, had great power, ruling over Damascus and all Syria except. Phoenicia (this accords with 2Sa 8:5, ’the Syrians of Damascus came to support Hadadezer,’ being his vassals); he contended against David king of Judea in many battles; in the last, which was by the Euphrates, he suffered defeat (making his third defeat: 2Sa 8:3; 2Sa 8:5; 2Sa 10:18), showing himself a prince of the greatest prowess."

1. Son of Ishmael (Gen 25:15). The Attaei, Attene, Chateni, on W. of Persian gulf, seem his descendants (Ptol. 6:7, section 15; Plin. 6:32). Hadad, a mountain belonging to TEMA on the borders of the Syrian desert N. of el-Medeenah, corresponds to the dwelling of this tribe.

2. King of Edom; conquered Midian on the field of Moab (Gen 36:35); Avith was his capital. (See AVITH.)

3. King of Edom (Pan was his capital: Gen 36:39); probably living when Moses wrote, for Moses does not record his death as he does that of his predecessors; last of the kings. In the later written 1Ch 1:50 Hadad’s death is recorded. The dukes that follow were not successors, but hereditary sheikhs who chose one emir or king to preside. Hadad’s death does not therefore, as Smith’s Bible Dictionary supposes, mark a change to the dukedom. (See EDOM.) "Hadad could hardly have been living after the times of the kings of Israel, to which period those who consider Gen 36:31-48 an interpolation would assign the genealogy" (Speaker’s Commentary).

4. Of the royal house of Edom (1Ki 11:14, etc.). In childhood escaped the massacre of every Edomite male by Joab, and fled into Egypt. Pharaoh gave him house, victuals, and land, and his wife Tahpenes the queen’s sister in marriage, who bore him Genubath. At David’s death, in spite of Pharaoh’s entreaties he left Egypt for his own country. The Septuagint read Edom for Aram (Syria), 1Ki 11:25, thus making Hadad succeed in his attempt to regain rule over Edom, from whence he harassed Israel; but the Septuagint omits all as to Rezon, so that its authority is worth little here. Josephus (Ant. 8:7, section 6) reads as KJV; Hadad thus having failed to recover Edom joined Rezon in assailing Israel and received from him a portion of Syria; "he reigned over Syria" refers to Rezon, and is a repetition of verse 24.

Hadad (hâ’dăd), clamor, a Syrian deity, the sun. 1. One of the kings who reigned in Edom; his capital city was Avith. He defeated the Midianites in the field of Moab. Gen 36:35; 1Ch 1:46. 2. Another later king of Edom, the last enumerated in the early genealogies. 1Ch 1:50-51. In Gen 36:39 he is called Hadar. In 1Ch 1:51, a later record, his death is noted. 3. An Edomite of the royal family. 1Ki 11:14-25.

[Hadad’]

1. Son of Bedad and king of Edom. Gen 36:35-36; 1Ch 1:46-47.

2. An Edomite of the royal family. When a child he was carried into Egypt: Pharaoh eventually gave him his sister-in-law as wife. On the death of David he returned to his own country, and, being stirred up by God, was an enemy and did mischief to Solomon. 1Ki 11:14-22.

3. Son of Ishmael. 1Ch 1:30. Called HADAR in Gen 25:15.

4. King of Edom who succeeded Baal-hanan. 1Ch 1:50-51. Called HADAR in Gen

36:39. Apparently ’Hadad’ was a title of the kings of Edom rather than a name.

():

By: Emil G. Hirsch, M. Seligsohn

Name of several Idumean kings, the meaning of which is "a loud noise." It was primitively the name of an Aramean divinity and formed a part of various Aramean theophorous names, as "Hadadrimmon" and "Hadadezer." The name was borne by: 1. The third Idumean king, who reigned before the time of the first king of Israel, and who gained an important victory over the Midianites (Gen. xxxvi. 35; I Chron. i. 46). 2. The last Idumean king (I Chron. i. 51). In Gen. xxxvi. 39 the name occurs as "Hadar." 3. A member of the royal house of Edom, who escaped the massacre under Joab and fled to Egypt (I Kings xi. 14 et seq.: see Edom.). 4. () One of the sons of Ishmael (Gen. xxv. 15 [A. V. "Hadar"]; I Chron. i. 30).

HADAD.—1. The name of a Semitic divinity (also written Adad, and Dadda for Adâda), the equivalent of Rimmon (wh. see) among the Aramæans of Damascus and apparently worshipped by all the Aramæan peoples, as well as among both South-Arabian and North-Arabian tribes, and also among the Assyrians. In Assyria and Babylonia, however, his cult, combined with that of Rammân, was apparently not native, but introduced from the Aram¿ans of the west. Hadad, like Rimmon (Rammân), was the god of the air and of thunder and lightning. The word seems to be derived from Arabic hadda, ‘to smite, crush.’ The name of this deity is not found alone in the Bible, but appears in several compounds, Benhadad, Bildad, and those which follow this article. It is possible, also, that Adrammelech of 2Ki 19:37 and Isa 37:38 should be read Adadmelech, ‘Adad is king.’

2. The eighth son of Ishmael, 1Ch 1:30, and also Gen 25:15 according to RV [Note: Revised Version.] and the best readings. 3. The fourth of the eight ancient kings of Edom, Gen 36:35; cf. 1Ch 1:46. 4. The eighth of the kings of Edom in the same list as the last-named, 1Ch 1:50 (in Gen 36:39 miswritten Hadar). 5. The son of a king of Edom in the 10th cent. b.c. (1Ki 11:14 ff.). He escaped the massacre of Edomites perpetrated by Joab, David’s general, and fled (according to the received reading) to Egypt, whose king befriended him, and gave him his sister-in-law as his wife. After the death of David he returned to Edom, and his efforts seem to have rescued Edom from the yoke of king Solomon. It is probable that in 1Ki 11:17 ff. instead of Mitsraim (Egypt) Mitsri should be read in the Hebrew as the name of a region west of Edom, which in the old MSS was several times confounded with the word for Egypt. The reference to Pharaoh (1Ki 11:18 ff.) would then have been a later addition.

J. F. M’Curdy.

hā´dad:

(1) (חדד, ḥădhadh, “sharpness”): One of the twelve sons of Ishmael (Gen 25:15, where the King James Version, following a mistake in Hebrew text, has “Hadar”; but “Hadad” is found in parallel passage 1Ch 1:30; the Revised Version (British and American) reads “Hadad” in both places).

(2) חדד, hădhadh): A king of Edom, son of Bedad (Gen 36:35, Gen 36:36 parallel 1Ch 1:46, 1Ch 1:47), “who smote Midian in the field of Moab,” and whose “city was Avith.”

(3) Another king of Edom, written “Hadar” in Gen 36:39 by a copyist’s mistake, but “Hadad” in the parallel passage 1Ch 1:50, 1Ch 1:51. His city was Pau or Palestine.

(4) A member of the royal family of Edom in David’s time, who as a child escaped Joab’s slaughter of the Edomites, and fled to Egypt. On David’s death he returned to Edom, where he made trouble for Solomon by stirring up the Edomites against the rule of Israel (1Ki 11:14-22, 1Ki 11:25).

(5) The supreme god of Syria, whose name is found in Scripture in the names of Syrian kings, Benhadad, Hadadezer. The god Hadad (= perhaps, “maker of loud noise”) is mentioned in Assyrian inscriptions, and called on the monolith of Shalmaneser “the god of Aleppo.” In the Assyrian inscriptions he is identified with the air-god Rammon or Rimmon. The union of the two names in Zec 12:11 suggests this identity, though the reference is uncertain, some regarding Hadadrimmon as the name of a place, others as the name of the god - “Hadad (is) Rimmon.” The name “Hadad” is found in various other forms: Adad, Dadu, and Dadda. See A. H. Sayce in HDB under the word “Hadad.”