CHAPTER III: VARIOUS FORMS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE IN THE SECOND PERIOD OF THE
VARIOUS FORMS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE IN THE SECOND PERIOD OF THE APOSTOLIC AGE.
§ I. Fundamental Unity in Diversity--Refutation of the system of Baur--Unity prevails over Diversity--Three great types of doctrine appear at this period 233
§ II. Doctrine of James--His characteristic idea is the permanence of moral obligation under the new covenant --Faith joined with Works--Love is pre-eminently the Work--The nature of Pardon clearly expressed--The Gospel History constantly presupposed--Moral importance of the Epistle of James 241
III. Doctrinal Type of Peter--The First Two Gospels--The Gospel is to Peter, first of all, the fulfillment of Prophecy--Comforting view opened of the abode of the Dead--The Gospel of Mark recalls the type of Peter--That of Matthew represents the doctrine of Peter and James 247
§ IV. Doctrine of St. Paul--Polemical character of his teaching--The essential feature of Paul's doctrine is the agreement of the Religious and Moral Elements--The first idea in his Theology is the idea of Justice--Justice the principle of all religion--The Fall a violation by the Creature of the Laws of Eternal Justice--Universality of the Condemnation--Various elements in fallen Man--The Body not the principle of Evil--Sin is a Transgression--The decree of Salvation a free act of Grace--It is not the Predestination of Augustine or of Calvin--Chapter ix of the Epistle to the Romans--Preparation for Salvation--Preparation in Judaism--The Patriarchal age--The Law a Schoolmaster to bring to Christ--Preparation in Paganism--Redemption--Nature of the Redeemer--Divinity and Subordination of the Son of God--His Humanity--He is the second Adam--Work of the Redeemer--Redemption is primarily an act of Obedience--Obedience in Suffering--The Death of Christ is a Free Sacrifice--The theory of Anselm is not to be found in St. Paul--Jesus Christ, raised from the Dead, sends the Holy Spirit--Appropriation of Salvation--Faith, a real Union with Jesus Christ--Justification and Sanctification--Close relation between the two--The Church--Kingdom of Good opposed to Kingdom of Evil--Future of the World and the Church--Judgment, Resurrection--Groaning of the Creation after Redemption--Connection of the two Covenants--The Law of the Letter and of the Spirit--Apology of St. Paul--His doctrine reproduces the Teaching of Jesus Christ 254
§ V. God spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for all 271
§ VI. The Gospel of Luke and the Epistle to the Hebrews--The gospel of Luke reproduces the doctrinal type of Paul--The same is the case with the Epistle to the Hebrews, which adds the allegorical element ot the Alexandrine school 292