Summa Theologica

1 Whether, besides philosophy, any further doctrine is required? 2 Whether sacred doctrine is a science? 3 Whether sacred doctrine is one science? 4 Whether sacred doctrine is a practical science? 5 Whether sacred doctrine is nobler than other sciences? 6 Whether this doctrine is the same as wisdom? 7 Whether God is the object of this science? 8 Whether sacred doctrine is a matter of argument? 9 Whether Holy Scripture should use metaphors? 10 Whether in Holy Scripture a word may have several senses? 11 TREATISE ON THE ONE GOD (QQ -26)THE EXISTENCE OF GOD (THREE ARTICLES) 12 Whether the existence of God is self-evident? 13 Whether it can be demonstrated that God exists? 14 Whether God exists? 15 OF THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD (EIGHT ARTICLES) 16 Whether God is a body? 17 Whether God is composed of matter and form? 18 Whether God is the same as His essence or nature? 19 Whether essence and existence are the same in God? 20 Whether God is contained in a genus? 21 Whether in God there are any accidents? 22 Whether God is altogether simple? 23 Whether God enters into the composition of other things? 24 THE PERFECTION OF GOD (THREE ARTICLES) 25 Whether God is perfect? 26 Whether the perfections of all things are in God? 27 Whether any creature can be like God? 28 OF GOODNESS IN GENERAL (SIX ARTICLES) 29 Whether goodness differs really from being? 30 Whether goodness is prior in idea to being? 31 Whether every being is good? 32 Whether goodness has the aspect of a final cause? 33 Whether the essence of goodness consists in mode, species and order? 34 Whether goodness is rightly divided into the virtuous*, the useful and the pleasant? [*|Bonum honestum| is the virtuous good considered as fitting. (cf. SS, Q , A ; SS, Q )] 35 THE GOODNESS OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 36 Whether God is good? 37 Whether God is the supreme good? 38 Whether to be essentially good belongs to God alone? 39 Whether all things are good by the divine goodness? 40 THE INFINITY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 41 Whether God is infinite? 42 Whether anything but God can be essentially infinite? 43 Whether an actually infinite magnitude can exist? 44 Whether an infinite multitude can exist? 45 THE EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS (FOUR ARTICLES) 46 Whether God is in all things? 47 Whether God is everywhere? 48 Whether God is everywhere by essence, presence and power? 49 Whether to be everywhere belongs to God alone? 50 THE IMMUTABILITY OF GOD (TWO ARTICLES) 51 Whether God is altogether immutable? 52 Whether to be immutable belongs to God alone? 53 THE ETERNITY OF GOD (SIX ARTICLES) 54 Whether this is a good definition of eternity, |The simultaneously-whole and perfect possession of interminable life|? 55 Whether God is eternal? 56 Whether to be eternal belongs to God alone? 57 Whether eternity differs from time? 58 The difference of aeviternity and time 59 Whether there is only one aeviternity? 60 THE UNITY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 61 Whether |one| adds anything to |being|? 62 Whether |one| and |many| are opposed to each other? 63 Whether God is one? 64 Whether God is supremely one? 65 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) 66 Whether any created intellect can see the essence of God? 67 Whether the essence of God is seen by the created intellect through an image? 68 Whether the essence of God can be seen with the bodily eye? 69 Whether any created intellect by its natural powers can see the Divine essence? 70 Whether the created intellect needs any created light in order to see the essence of God? 71 Whether of those who see the essence of God, one sees more perfectly than another? 72 Whether those who see the essence of God comprehend Him? 73 Whether those who see the essence of God see all in God? 74 Whether what is seen in God by those who see the Divine essence, is seen through any similitude? 75 Whether those who see the essence of God see all they see in it at the same time? 76 Whether anyone in this life can see the essence of God? 77 Whether God can be known in this life by natural reason? 78 Whether by grace a higher knowledge of God can be obtained than by natural reason? 79 THE NAMES OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES) 80 Whether a name can be given to God? 81 Whether any name can be applied to God substantially? 82 Whether any name can be applied to God in its literal sense? 83 Whether names applied to God are synonymous? 84 Whether what is said of God and of creatures is univocally predicated of them? 85 Whether names predicated of God are predicated primarily of creatures? 86 Whether names which imply relation to creatures are predicated of God temporally? 87 Whether this name |God| is a name of the nature? 88 Whether this name |God| is communicable? 89 Whether this name |God| is applied to God univocally by nature, by participation, and according to opinion? 90 Whether this name, HE WHO IS, is the most proper name of God? 91 Whether affirmative propositions can be formed about God? 92 OF GOD'S KNOWLEDGE (SIXTEEN ARTICLES) 93 Whether there is knowledge [*Scientia]? 94 Whether God understands Himself? 95 Whether God comprehends Himself? 96 Whether the act of God's intellect is His substance? 97 Whether God knows things other than Himself? 98 Whether God knows things other than Himself by proper knowledge? 99 Whether the knowledge of God is discursive? 100 Whether the knowledge of God is the cause of things? 101 Whether God has knowledge of things that are not? 102 Whether God knows evil things? 103 Whether God knows singular things? 104 Whether God can know infinite things? 105 Whether the knowledge of God is of future contingent things? 106 Whether God knows enunciable things? 107 Whether the knowledge of God is variable? 108 Whether God has a speculative knowledge of things? 109 OF IDEAS (THREE ARTICLES) 110 Whether there are ideas? 111 Whether ideas are many? 112 Whether there are ideas of all things that God knows? 113 OF TRUTH (EIGHT ARTICLES) 114 Whether truth resides only in the intellect? 115 Whether truth resides only in the intellect composing and dividing? 116 Whether the true and being are convertible terms? 117 Whether good is logically prior to the true? 118 Whether God is truth? 119 Whether there is only one truth, according to which all things are true? 120 Whether created truth is eternal? 121 Whether truth is immutable? 122 CONCERNING FALSITY (FOUR ARTICLES) 123 Whether falsity exists in things? 124 Whether there is falsity in the senses? 125 Whether falsity is in the intellect? 126 Whether true and false are contraries? 127 THE LIFE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 128 Whether to live belongs to all natural things? 129 Whether life is an operation? 130 Whether life is properly attributed to God? 131 Whether all things are life in God? 132 THE WILL OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES) 133 Whether there is will in God? 134 Whether God wills things apart from Himself? 135 Whether whatever God wills He wills necessarily? 136 Whether the will of God is the cause of things? 137 Whether any cause can be assigned to the divine will? 138 Whether the will of God is always fulfilled? 139 Whether the will of God is changeable? 140 Whether the will of God imposes necessity on the things willed? 141 Whether God wills evils? 142 Whether God has free-will? 143 Whether the will of expression is to be distinguished in God? 144 Whether five expressions of will are rightly assigned to the divine will? 145 GOD'S LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES) 146 Whether love exists in God? 147 Whether God loves all things? 148 Whether God loves all things equally? 149 Whether God always loves more the better things? 150 THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 151 Whether there is justice in God? 152 Whether the justice of God is truth? 153 Whether mercy can be attributed to God? 154 Whether in every work of God there are mercy and justice? 155 THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 156 Whether providence can suitably be attributed to God? 157 Whether everything is subject to the providence of God? 158 Whether God has immediate providence over everything? 159 Whether providence imposes any necessity on things foreseen? 160 OF PREDESTINATION (EIGHT ARTICLES) 161 Whether men are predestined by God? 162 Whether predestination places anything in the predestined? 163 Whether God reprobates any man? 164 Whether the predestined are chosen by God? [*|Eligantur.|] 165 Whether the foreknowledge of merits is the cause of predestination? 166 Whether predestination is certain? 167 Whether the number of the predestined is certain? 168 Whether predestination can be furthered by the prayers of the saints? 169 THE BOOK OF LIFE (THREE ARTICLES) 170 Whether the book of life is the same as predestination? 171 Whether the book of life regards only the life of glory of the predestined? 172 Whether anyone may be blotted out of the book of life? 173 THE POWER OF GOD (SIX ARTICLES) 174 Whether there is power in God? 175 Whether the power of God is infinite? 176 Whether God is omnipotent? 177 Whether God can make the past not to have been? 178 Whether God can do what He does not? 179 Whether God can do better than what He does? 180 OF THE DIVINE BEATITUDE (FOUR ARTICLES) 181 Whether beatitude belongs to God? 182 Whether God is called blessed in respect of His intellect? 183 Whether God is the beatitude of each of the blessed? 184 Whether all other beatitude is included in the beatitude of God? 185 TREATISE ON THE MOST HOLY TRINITY (QQ -43)THE PROCESSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (FIVE ARTICLES) 186 Whether there is procession in God? 187 Whether any procession in God can be called generation? 188 Whether any other procession exists in God besides that of the Word? 189 Whether the procession of love in God is generation? 190 Whether there are more than two processions in God? 191 THE DIVINE RELATIONS (FOUR ARTICLES) 192 Whether there are real relations in God? 193 Whether relation in God is the same as His essence? 194 Whether the relations in God are really distinguished from each other? 195 Whether in God there are only four real relations—paternity, filiation, spiration, and procession? 196 THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES) 197 The definition of |person| 198 Whether |person| is the same as hypostasis, subsistence, and essence? 199 Whether the word |person| should be said of God? 200 Whether this word |person| signifies relation? 201 THE PLURALITY OF PERSONS IN GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 202 Whether there are several persons in God? 203 Whether there are more than three persons in God? 204 Whether the numeral terms denote anything real in God? 205 Whether this term |person| can be common to the three persons? 206 OF WHAT BELONGS TO THE UNITY OR PLURALITY IN GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 207 Whether there is trinity in God? 208 Whether the Son is other than the Father? 209 Whether the exclusive word |alone| should be added to the essential term in God? 210 Whether an exclusive diction can be joined to the personal term? 211 THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES) 212 Whether the trinity of the divine persons can be known by natural reason? 213 Whether there are notions in God? 214 Whether there are five notions? 215 Whether it is lawful to have various contrary opinions of notions? 216 OF THE PERSON OF THE FATHER (FOUR ARTICLES) 217 Whether it belongs to the Father to be the principle? 218 Whether this name |Father| is properly the name of a divine person? 219 Whether this name |Father| is applied to God, firstly as a personal name? 220 Whether it is proper to the Father to be unbegotten? 221 OF THE PERSON OF THE SON (THREE ARTICLES) 222 Whether Word in God is a personal name? 223 Whether |Word| is the Son's proper name? 224 Whether the name |Word| imports relation to creatures? 225 OF THE IMAGE (TWO ARTICLES) 226 Whether image in God is said personally? 227 Whether the name of Image is proper to the Son? 228 OF THE PERSON OF THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES) 229 Whether this name |Holy Ghost| is the proper name of one divine person? 230 Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son? 231 Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father through the Son? 232 Whether the Father and the Son are one principle of the Holy Ghost? 233 OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST—LOVE (TWO ARTICLES) 234 Whether |Love| is the proper name of the Holy Ghost? 235 Whether the Father and the Son love each other by the Holy Ghost? 236 OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST, AS GIFT (TWO ARTICLES) 237 Whether |Gift| is a personal name? 238 Whether |Gift| is the proper name of the Holy Ghost? 239 OF THE PERSONS IN RELATION TO THE ESSENCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 240 Whether in God the essence is the same as the person? 241 Whether it must be said that the three persons are of one essence? 242 Whether essential names should be predicated in the singular of the three persons? 243 Whether the concrete essential names can stand for the person? 244 Whether abstract essential names can stand for the person? 245 Whether the persons can be predicated of the essential terms? 246 Whether the essential names should be appropriated to the persons? 247 Whether the essential attributes are appropriated to the persons in a fitting manner by the holy doctors? 248 OF THE PERSONS AS COMPARED TO THE RELATIONS OR PROPERTIES (FOUR ARTICLES) 249 Whether relation is the same as person? 250 Whether the persons are distinguished by the relations? 251 Whether the hypostases remain if the relations are mentally abstracted from the persons? 252 Whether the properties presuppose the notional acts? 253 OF THE PERSONS IN REFERENCE TO THE NOTIONAL ACTS (SIX ARTICLES) 254 Whether the notional acts are to be attributed to the persons? 255 Whether the notional acts are voluntary? 256 Whether the notional acts proceed from something? 257 Whether in God there is a power in respect of the notional acts? 258 Whether the power of begetting signifies a relation, and not the essence? 259 Whether several persons can be the term of one notional act? 260 OF EQUALITY AND LIKENESS AMONG THE DIVINE PERSONS (SIX ARTICLES) 261 Whether there is equality in God? 262 Whether the person proceeding is co-eternal with His principle, as the Son with the Father? 263 Whether in the divine persons there exists an order of nature? 264 Whether the Son is equal to the Father in greatness? 265 Whether the Son is in the Father, and conversely? 266 Whether the Son is equal to the Father in power? 267 THE MISSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 268 Whether a divine person can be properly sent? 269 Whether mission is eternal, or only temporal? 270 Whether the invisible mission of the divine person is only according to the gift of sanctifying grace? 271 Whether the Father can be fittingly sent? 272 Whether it is fitting for the Son to be sent invisibly? 273 Whether the invisible mission is to all who participate grace? 274 Whether it is fitting for the Holy Ghost to be sent visibly? 275 Whether a divine person is sent only by the person whence He proceeds eternally? 276 TREATISE ON THE CREATION (QQ 44-46)THE PROCESSION OF CREATURES FROM GOD, AND OF THE FIRST CAUSE OF ALL THINGS 277 Whether it is necessary that every being be created by God? 278 Whether primary matter is created by God? 279 Whether the exemplar cause is anything besides God? 280 Whether God is the final cause of all things? 281 THE MODE OF EMANATION OF THINGS FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 282 Whether to create is to make something from nothing? 283 Whether God can create anything? 284 Whether creation is anything in the creature? 285 Whether to be created belongs to composite and subsisting things? 286 Whether it belongs to God alone to create? 287 Whether to create is proper to any person? 288 Whether in creatures is necessarily found a trace of the Trinity? 289 Whether creation is mingled with works of nature and art? 290 OF THE BEGINNING OF THE DURATION OF CREATURES (THREE ARTICLES) 291 Whether the universe of creatures always existed? 292 Whether it is an article of faith that the world began? 293 Whether the creation of things was in the beginning of time? 294 TREATISE ON THE DISTINCTION OF THINGS IN GENERAL (Q )OF THE DISTINCTION OF THINGS IN GENERAL (THREE ARTICLES) 295 Whether the multitude and distinction of things come from God? 296 Whether the inequality of things is from God? 297 Whether there is only one world? 298 TREATISE ON THE DISTINCTION OF GOOD AND EVIL (QQ -49)THE DISTINCTION OF THINGS IN PARTICULAR (SIX ARTICLES) 299 Whether evil is a nature? 300 Whether evil is found in things? 301 Whether evil is in good as in its subject? 302 Whether evil corrupts the whole good? 303 Whether evil is adequately divided into pain* and fault? 304 Whether pain has the nature of evil more than fault has? 305 THE CAUSE OF EVIL (THREE ARTICLES) 306 Whether good can be the cause of evil? 307 Whether the supreme good, God, is the cause of evil? 308 Whether there be one supreme evil which is the cause of every evil? 309 TREATISE ON THE ANGELS (QQ -64)OF THE SUBSTANCE OF THE ANGELS ABSOLUTELY CONSIDERED (FIVE ARTICLES) 310 Whether an angel is altogether incorporeal? 311 Whether an angel is composed of matter and form? 312 Whether the angels exist in any great number? 313 Whether the angels differ in species? 314 Whether the angels are incorruptible? 315 OF THE ANGELS IN COMPARISON WITH BODIES (THREE ARTICLES) 316 Whether the angels have bodies naturally united to them? 317 Whether angels assume bodies? 318 Whether the angels exercise functions of life in the bodies assumed? 319 OF THE ANGELS IN RELATION TO PLACE (THREE ARTICLES) 320 Whether an angel is in a place? 321 Whether an angel can be in several places at once? 322 Whether several angels can be at the same time in the same place? 323 OF THE LOCAL MOVEMENT OF THE ANGELS (THREE ARTICLES) 324 Whether an angel can be moved locally? 325 Whether an angel passes through intermediate space? 326 Whether the movement of an angel is instantaneous? 327 OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES) 328 Whether an angel's act of understanding is his substance? 329 Whether in the angel to understand is to exist? 330 Whether an angel's power of intelligence is his essence? 331 Whether there is an active and a passive intellect in an angel? 332 Whether there is only intellectual knowledge in the angels? 333 OF THE MEDIUM OF THE ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE (THREE ARTICLES) 334 Whether the angels know all things by their substance? 335 Whether the angels understand by species drawn from things? 336 Whether the higher angels understand by more universal species than the lower angels? 337 OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF IMMATERIAL THINGS (THREE ARTICLES) 338 Whether an angel knows himself? 339 Whether one angel knows another? 340 Whether an angle knows God by his own natural principles? 341 OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF MATERIAL THINGS (FIVE ARTICLES) 342 Whether the angels know material things? 343 Whether an angel knows singulars? 344 Whether angels know the future? 345 Whether angels know secret thoughts? 346 Whether the angels know the mysteries of grace? 347 OF THE MODE OF ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE (SEVEN ARTICLES) 348 Whether the angel's intellect is sometimes in potentiality, sometimes in act? 349 Whether an angel can understand many things at the same time? 350 Whether an angel's knowledge is discursive? 351 Whether the angels understand by composing and dividing? 352 Whether there can be falsehood in the intellect of an angel? 353 Whether there is a |morning| and an |evening| knowledge in the angels? 354 Whether the morning and evening knowledge are one? 355 THE WILL OF THE ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES) 356 Whether there is will in the angels? 357 Whether in the angels the will differs from the intellect? 358 Whether there is free-will in the angels? 359 Whether there is an irascible and a concupiscible appetite in the angels? 360 OF THE LOVE OR DILECTION OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES) 361 Whether there is natural love or dilection in an angel? 362 Whether there is love of choice in the angels? 363 Whether the angel loves himself with both natural love, and love of choice? 364 Whether an angel loves another with natural love as he loves himself? 365 Whether an angel by natural love loves God more than he loves himself? 366 OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF NATURAL BEING (FOUR ARTICLES) 367 Whether the angels have a cause of their existence? 368 Whether the angel was produced by God from eternity? 369 Whether the angels were created before the corporeal world? 370 Whether the angels were created in the empyrean heaven? 371 OF THE PERFECTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF GRACE AND OF GLORY (NINE ARTICLES) 372 Whether the angels were created in beatitude? 373 Whether an angel needs grace in order to turn to God? 374 Whether the angels were created in grace? 375 Whether an angel merits his beatitude? 376 Whether the angel obtained beatitude immediately after one act of merit? 377 Whether the angels receive grace and glory according to the degree of their natural gifts? 378 Whether natural knowledge and love remain in the beatified angels? 379 Whether a beatified angel can sin? 380 Whether the beatified angels advance in beatitude? 381 THE MALICE OF THE ANGELS WITH REGARD TO SIN (NINE ARTICLES) 382 Whether the evil of fault can be in the angels? 383 Whether only the sin of pride and envy can exist in an angel? 384 Whether the devil desired to be as God? 385 Whether any demons are naturally wicked? 386 Whether the devil was wicked by the fault of his own will in the first instant of his creation? 387 Whether there was any interval between the creation and the fall of the angel? 388 Whether the highest angel among those who sinned was the highest of all? 389 Whether the sin of the highest angel was the cause of the others sinning? 390 Whether those who sinned were as many as those who remained firm? 391 THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DEMONS (FOUR ARTICLES) 392 Whether the demons' intellect is darkened by privation of the knowledge of all truth? 393 Whether the will of the demons is obstinate in evil? 394 Whether there is sorrow in the demons? 395 Whether our atmosphere is the demons' place of punishment? 396 TREATISE ON THE WORK OF THE SIX DAYS (QQ -74)THE WORK OF CREATION OF CORPOREAL CREATURES (FOUR ARTICLES) 397 Whether corporeal creatures are from God? 398 Whether corporeal things were made on account of God's goodness? 399 Whether corporeal creatures were produced by God through the medium of the angels? 400 Whether the forms of bodies are from the angels? 401 ON THE ORDER OF CREATION TOWARDS DISTINCTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 402 Whether formlessness of created matter preceded in time its formation? 403 Whether the formless matter of all corporeal things is the same? 404 Whether the empyrean heaven was created at the same time as formless matter? 405 Whether time was created simultaneously with formless matter? 406 ON THE WORK OF DISTINCTION IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) 407 Whether the word |light| is used in its proper sense in speaking of spiritual things? 408 Whether light is a body? 409 Whether light is a quality? 410 Whether the production of light is fittingly assigned to the first day? 411 ON THE WORK OF THE SECOND DAY (FOUR ARTICLES) 412 Whether the firmament was made on the second day? 413 Whether there are waters above the firmament? 414 Whether the firmament divides waters from waters? 415 Whether there is only one heaven? 416 ON THE WORK OF THE THIRD DAY (TWO ARTICLES) 417 Whether it was fitting that the gathering together of the waters should take place, as recorded, on the third day? 418 Whether it was fitting that the production of plants should take place on the third day? 419 OF THE WORK OF ADORNMENT, AS REGARDS THE FOURTH DAY (THREE ARTICLES) 420 Whether the lights ought to have been produced on the fourth day? 421 Whether the cause assigned for the production of the lights is reasonable? 422 Whether the lights of heaven are living beings? 423 ON THE WORK OF THE FIFTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE) 424 ON THE WORK OF THE SIXTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE) 425 ON THE THINGS THAT BELONG TO THE SEVENTH DAY (THREE ARTICLES) 426 Whether the completion of the Divine works ought to be ascribed to the seventh day? 427 Whether God rested on the seventh day from all His work? 428 Whether blessing and sanctifying are due to the seventh day? 429 ON ALL THE SEVEN DAYS IN COMMON (THREE ARTICLES) 430 Whether these days are sufficiently enumerated? 431 Whether all these days are one day? 432 Whether Scripture uses suitable words to express the work of the six days? 433 TREATISE ON MAN (QQ -102)OF MAN WHO IS COMPOSED OF A SPIRITUAL AND A CORPOREAL SUBSTANCE: AND IN THE 434 Whether the soul is a body? 435 Whether the human soul is something subsistent? 436 Whether the souls of brute animals are subsistent? 437 Whether the soul is man? 438 Whether the soul is composed of matter and form? 439 Whether the human soul is incorruptible? 440 Whether the soul is of the same species as an angel? 441 OF THE UNION OF BODY AND SOUL (EIGHT ARTICLES) 442 Whether the intellectual principle is united to the body as its form? 443 Whether the intellectual principle is multiplied according to the number of bodies? 444 Whether besides the intellectual soul there are in man other souls essentially different from one another? 445 Whether in man there is another form besides the intellectual soul? 446 Whether the intellectual soul is properly united to such a body? 447 Whether the intellectual soul is united to the body through the medium of accidental dispositions? 448 Whether the soul is united to the animal body by means of a body? 449 Whether the soul is in each part of the body? 450 OF THOSE THINGS WHICH BELONG TO THE POWERS OF THE SOUL IN GENERAL (EIGHT ARTICLES) 451 Whether the essence of the soul is its power? 452 Whether there are several powers of the soul? 453 Whether the powers are distinguished by their acts and objects? 454 Whether among the powers of the soul there is order? 455 Whether all the powers of the soul are in the soul as their subject? 456 Whether the powers of the soul flow from its essence? 457 Whether one power of the soul arises from another? 458 Whether all the powers remain in the soul when separated from the body? 459 OF THE SPECIFIC POWERS OF THE SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) 460 Whether there are to be distinguished five genera of powers in the soul? 461 Whether the parts of the vegetative soul are fittingly described as the nutritive, augmentative, and generative? 462 Whether the five exterior senses are properly distinguished? 463 Whether the interior senses are suitably distinguished? 464 OF THE INTELLECTUAL POWERS (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) 465 Whether the intellect is a power of the soul? 466 Whether the intellect is a passive power? 467 Whether there is an active intellect? 468 Whether the active intellect is something in the soul? 469 Whether the active intellect is one in all? 470 Whether memory is in the intellectual part of the soul? 471 Whether the intellectual memory is a power distinct from the intellect? 472 Whether the reason is distinct from the intellect? 473 Whether the higher and lower reason are distinct powers? 474 Whether intelligence is a power distinct from intellect? 475 Whether the speculative and practical intellects are distinct powers? 476 Whether synderesis is a special power of the soul distinct from the others? 477 Whether conscience be a power? 478 OF THE APPETITIVE POWERS IN GENERAL (TWO ARTICLES) 479 Whether the appetite is a special power of the soul? 480 Whether the sensitive and intellectual appetites are distinct powers? 481 OF THE POWER OF SENSUALITY (THREE ARTICLES) 482 Whether sensuality is only appetitive? 483 Whether the sensitive appetite is divided into the irascible and concupiscible as distinct powers? 484 Whether the irascible and concupiscible appetites obey reason? 485 OF THE WILL (FIVE ARTICLES) 486 Whether the will desires something of necessity? 487 Whether the will desires of necessity, whatever it desires? 488 Whether the will is a higher power than the intellect? 489 Whether the will moves the intellect? 490 Whether we should distinguish irascible and concupiscible parts in the superior appetite? 491 OF FREE-WILL (FOUR ARTICLES) 492 Whether man has free-will? 493 Whether free-will is a power? 494 Whether free-will is an appetitive power? 495 Whether free-will is a power distinct from the will? 496 HOW THE SOUL WHILE UNITED TO THE BODY UNDERSTANDS CORPOREAL THINGS BENEATH IT (EIGHT ARTICLES) 497 Whether the soul knows bodies through the intellect? 498 Whether the soul understands corporeal things through its essence? 499 Whether the soul understands all things through innate species? 500 Whether the intelligible species are derived by the soul from certain separate forms? 501 Whether the intellectual soul knows material things in the eternal types? 502 Whether intellectual knowledge is derived from sensible things? 503 Whether the intellect can actually understand through the intelligible species of which it is possessed, without turning to the phantasms? 504 Whether the judgment of the intellect is hindered through suspension of the sensitive powers? 505 OF THE MODE AND ORDER OF UNDERSTANDING (EIGHT ARTICLES) 506 Whether our intellect understands corporeal and material things by abstraction from phantasms? 507 Whether the intelligible species abstracted from the phantasm is related to our intellect as that which is understood? 508 Whether the more universal is first in our intellectual cognition? 509 Whether we can understand many things at the same time? 510 Whether our intellect understands by composition and division? 511 Whether the intellect can be false? 512 Whether one person can understand one and the same thing better than another can? 513 Whether the intellect understands the indivisible before the divisible? 514 WHAT OUR INTELLECT KNOWS IN MATERIAL THINGS (FOUR ARTICLES) 515 Whether our intellect knows singulars? 516 Whether our intellect can know the infinite? 517 Whether our intellect can know contingent things? 518 Whether our intellect can know the future? 519 HOW THE INTELLECTUAL SOUL KNOWS ITSELF AND ALL WITHIN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) 520 Whether the intellectual soul knows itself by its essence? 521 Whether our intellect knows the habits of the soul by their essence? 522 Whether our intellect knows its own act? 523 Whether the intellect understands the act of the will? 524 HOW THE HUMAN SOUL KNOWS WHAT IS ABOVE ITSELF (THREE ARTICLES) 525 Whether the human soul in the present state of life can understand immaterial substances in themselves? 526 Whether our intellect can understand immaterial substances through its knowledge of material things? 527 Whether God is the first object known by the human mind? 528 OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SEPARATED SOUL (EIGHT ARTICLES) 529 Whether the separated soul can understand anything? 530 Whether the separated soul understands separate substances? 531 Whether the separated soul knows all natural things? 532 Whether the separated soul knows singulars? 533 Whether the habit of knowledge here acquired remains in the separated soul? 534 Whether the act of knowledge acquired here remains in the separated soul? 535 Whether local distance impedes the knowledge in the separated soul? 536 Whether separated souls know that takes place on earth? 537 OF THE FIRST PRODUCTION OF MAN'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) 538 Whether the soul was made or was of God's substance? 539 Whether the soul was produced by creation? 540 Whether the rational soul is produced by God immediately? 541 Whether the human soul was produced before the body? 542 THE PRODUCTION OF THE FIRST MAN'S BODY (FOUR ARTICLES) 543 Whether the body of the first man was made of the slime of the earth? 544 Whether the human body was immediately produced by God? 545 Whether the body of man was given an apt disposition? 546 Whether the production of the human body is fittingly described in Scripture? 547 THE PRODUCTION OF THE WOMAN (FOUR ARTICLES) 548 Whether the woman should have been made in the first production of things? 549 Whether woman should have been made from man? 550 Whether the woman was fittingly made from the rib of man? 551 Whether the woman was formed immediately by God? 552 THE END OR TERM OF THE PRODUCTION OF MAN (NINE ARTICLES) 553 Whether the image of God is in man? 554 Whether the image of God is to be found in irrational creatures? 555 Whether the angels are more to the image of God than man is? 556 Whether the image of God is found in every man? 557 Whether the image of God is in man according to the Trinity of Persons? 558 Whether the image of God is in man as regards the mind only? 559 Whether the image of God is to be found in the acts of the soul? 560 Whether the image of the Divine Trinity is in the soul only by comparison with God as its object? 561 Whether |likeness| is properly distinguished from |image|? 562 OF THE STATE AND CONDITION OF THE FIRST MAN AS REGARDS HIS INTELLECT (FOUR ARTICLES) 563 Whether the first man saw God through His Essence? 564 Whether Adam in the state of innocence saw the angels through their essence? 565 Whether the first man knew all things? 566 Whether man in his first state could be deceived? 567 OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE FIRST MAN'S WILL—NAMELY, GRACE AND RIGHTEOUSNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) 568 Whether the first man was created in grace? 569 Whether passions existed in the soul of the first man? 570 Whether Adam had all the virtues? 571 Whether the actions of the first man were less meritorious than ours are? 572 OF THE MASTERSHIP BELONGING TO MAN IN THE STATE OF INNOCENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 573 Whether Adam in the state of innocence had mastership over the animals? 574 Whether man had mastership over all other creatures? 575 Whether men were equal in the state of innocence? 576 Whether in the state of innocence man would have been master over man? 577 OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE PRIMITIVE STATE (FOUR ARTICLES) 578 Whether in the state of innocence man would have been immortal? 579 Whether in the state of innocence man would have been passible? 580 Whether in the state of innocence man had need of food? 581 Whether in the state of innocence man would have acquired immortality by the tree of life? 582 OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE SPECIES (TWO ARTICLES) 583 Whether in the state of innocence generation existed? 584 Whether in the state of innocence there would have been generation by coition? 585 OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS TO THE BODY (TWO ARTICLES) 586 Whether in the state of innocence children would have had perfect strength of body as to the use of its members immediately after birth? 587 Whether, in the primitive state, women would have been born? 588 OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS REGARDS RIGHTEOUSNESS (TWO ARTICLES) 589 Whether men would have been born in a state of righteousness? 590 Whether in the state of innocence children would have been born confirmed in righteousness? 591 OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS REGARDS KNOWLEDGE (TWO ARTICLES) 592 Whether in the state of innocence children would have been born with perfect knowledge? 593 Whether children would have had perfect use of reason at birth? 594 OF MAN'S ABODE, WHICH IS PARADISE (FOUR ARTICLES) 595 Whether paradise is a corporeal place? 596 Whether paradise was a place adapted to be the abode of man? 597 Whether man was placed in paradise to dress it and keep it? 598 Whether man was created in paradise? 599 TREATISE ON THE CONSERVATION AND GOVERNMENT OF CREATURES (QQ -119)OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THINGS IN GENERAL (EIGHT ARTICLES) 600 Whether the world is governed by anyone? 601 Whether the end of the government of the world is something outside the world? 602 Whether the world is governed by one? 603 Whether the effect of government is one or many? 604 Whether all things are subject to the Divine government? 605 Whether all things are immediately governed by God? 606 Whether anything can happen outside the order of the Divine government? 607 Whether anything can resist the order of the Divine government? 608 THE SPECIAL EFFECTS OF THE DIVINE GOVERNMENT (FOUR ARTICLES) 609 Whether creatures need to be kept in being by God? 610 Whether God preserves every creature immediately? 611 Whether God can annihilate anything? 612 Whether anything is annihilated? 613 OF THE CHANGE OF CREATURES BY GOD (EIGHT ARTICLES) 614 Whether God can move the matter immediately to the form? 615 Whether God can move a body immediately? 616 Whether God moves the created intellect immediately? 617 Whether God can move the created will? 618 Whether God works in every agent? 619 Whether God can do anything outside the established order of nature? 620 Whether whatever God does outside the natural order is miraculous? 621 Whether one miracle is greater than another? 622 HOW ONE CREATURE MOVES ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES) 623 Whether one angel enlightens another? 624 Whether one angel moves another angel's will? 625 Whether an inferior angel can enlighten a superior angel? 626 Whether the superior angel enlightens the inferior as regards all he himself knows? 627 THE SPEECH OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES) 628 Whether one angel speaks to another? 629 Whether the inferior angel speaks to the superior? 630 Whether an angel speaks to God? 631 Whether local distance influences the angelic speech? 632 Whether all the angels know what one speaks to another? 633 OF THE ANGELIC DEGREES OF HIERARCHIES AND ORDERS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 634 Whether all the angels are of one hierarchy? 635 Whether there are several orders in one hierarchy? 636 Whether there are many angels in one order? 637 Whether the distinction of hierarchies and orders comes from the angelic nature? 638 Whether the orders of the angels are properly named? 639 Whether the grades of the orders are properly assigned? 640 Whether the orders will outlast the Day of Judgment? 641 Whether men are taken up into the angelic orders? 642 THE ORDERING OF THE BAD ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES) 643 Whether there are orders among the demons? 644 Whether among the demons there is precedence? 645 Whether there is enlightenment in the demons? 646 Whether the good angels have precedence over the bad angels? 647 HOW ANGELS ACT ON BODIES (FOUR ARTICLES) 648 Whether the corporeal creature is governed by the angels? 649 Whether corporeal matter obeys the mere will of an angel? 650 Whether bodies obey the angels as regards local motion? 651 Whether angels can work miracles? 652 THE ACTION OF THE ANGELS ON MAN (FOUR ARTICLES) 653 Whether an angel can enlighten man? 654 Whether the angels can change the will of man? 655 Whether an angel can change man's imagination? 656 Whether an angel can change the human senses? 657 THE MISSION OF THE ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES) 658 Whether the angels are sent on works of ministry? 659 Whether all the angels are sent in ministry? 660 Whether all the angels who are sent, assist? 661 Whether all the angels of the second hierarchy are sent? 662 OF THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THE GOOD ANGELS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 663 Whether men are guarded by the angels? 664 Whether each man is guarded by an angel? 665 Whether to guard men belongs only to the lowest order of angels? 666 Whether angels are appointed to the guardianship of all men? 667 Whether an angel is appointed to guard a man from his birth? 668 Whether the angel guardian ever forsakes a man? 669 Whether angels grieve for the ills of those whom they guard? 670 Whether there can be strife or discord among the angels? 671 OF THE ASSAULTS OF THE DEMONS (FIVE ARTICLES) 672 Whether men are assailed by the demons? 673 Whether to tempt is proper to the devil? 674 Whether all sins are due to the temptation of the devil? 675 Whether demons can lead men astray by means of real miracles? 676 Whether a demon who is overcome by man, is for this reason hindered from making further assaults? 677 OF THE ACTION OF THE CORPOREAL CREATURE (SIX ARTICLES) 678 Whether a body can be active? 679 Whether there are any seminal virtues in corporeal matter? 680 Whether the heavenly bodies are the cause of what is produced in bodies here below? 681 Whether the heavenly bodies are the cause of human actions? 682 Whether heavenly bodies can act on the demons? 683 Whether heavenly bodies impose necessity on things subject to their action? 684 ON FATE (FOUR ARTICLES) 685 Whether there be such a thing as fate? 686 Whether fate is in created things? 687 Whether fate is unchangeable? 688 Whether all things are subject to fate? 689 OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE ACTION OF MAN (FOUR ARTICLES) 690 Whether one man can teach another? 691 Whether man can teach the angels? 692 Whether man by the power of his soul can change corporeal matter? 693 Whether the separate human soul can move bodies at least locally? 694 OF THE PRODUCTION OF MAN FROM MAN AS TO THE SOUL (THREE ARTICLES) 695 Whether the sensitive soul is transmitted with the semen? 696 Whether the intellectual soul is produced from the semen? 697 Whether human souls were created together at the beginning of the world? 698 OF THE PROPAGATION OF MAN AS TO THE BODY (TWO ARTICLES) 699 Whether some part of the food is changed into true human nature? 700 Whether the semen is produced from surplus food? 701 FIRST PART OF THE SECOND PART (FS) (QQ -114). TREATISE ON THE LAST END (QQ -5)PROLOGUE 702 OF MAN'S LAST END (EIGHT ARTICLES) 703 Whether it belongs to man to act for an end? 704 Whether it is proper to the rational nature to act for an end? 705 Whether human acts are specified by their end? 706 Whether there is one last end of human life? 707 Whether one man can have several last ends? 708 Whether man will all, whatsoever he wills, for the last end? 709 Whether all men have the same last end? 710 Whether other creatures concur in that last end? 711 OF THOSE THINGS IN WHICH MAN'S HAPPINESS CONSISTS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 712 Whether man's happiness consists in wealth? 713 Whether man's happiness consists in honors? 714 Whether man's happiness consists in fame or glory? 715 Whether man's happiness consists in power? 716 Whether man's happiness consists in any bodily good? 717 Whether man's happiness consists in pleasure? 718 Whether some good of the soul constitutes man's happiness? 719 Whether any created good constitutes man's happiness? 720 WHAT IS HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 721 Whether happiness is something uncreated? 722 Whether happiness is an operation? 723 Whether happiness is an operation of the sensitive part, or of the intellective part only? 724 Whether, if happiness is in the intellective part, it is an operation of the intellect or of the will? 725 Whether happiness is an operation of the speculative, or of the practical intellect? 726 Whether happiness consists in the consideration of speculative sciences? 727 Whether happiness consists in the knowledge of separate substances, namely, angels? 728 Whether man's happiness consists in the vision of the divine essence? 729 OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 730 Whether delight is required for happiness? 731 Whether in happiness vision ranks before delight? 732 Whether comprehension is necessary for happiness? 733 Whether rectitude of the will is necessary for happiness? 734 Whether the body is necessary for man's happiness? 735 Whether perfection of the body is necessary for happiness? 736 Whether any external goods are necessary for happiness? 737 Whether the fellowship of friend is necessary for happiness? 738 OF THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 739 Whether man can attain happiness? 740 Whether one man can be happier than another? 741 Whether one can be happy in this life? 742 Whether happiness once had can be lost? 743 Whether man can attain happiness by his natural powers? 744 Whether man attains happiness through the action of some higher creature? 745 Whether any good works are necessary that man may receive happiness from God? 746 Whether every man desires happiness? 747 TREATISE ON HUMAN ACTS: ACTS PECULIAR TO MAN (QQ -21)OF THE VOLUNTARY AND THE INVOLUNTARY (EIGHT ARTICLES) 748 Whether there is anything voluntary in human acts? 749 Whether there is anything voluntary in irrational animals? 750 Whether there can be voluntariness without any act? 751 Whether violence can be done to the will? 752 Whether violence causes involuntariness? 753 Whether fear causes involuntariness simply? 754 Whether concupiscence causes involuntariness? 755 Whether ignorance causes involuntariness? 756 OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF HUMAN ACTS (FOUR ARTICLES) 757 Whether a circumstance is an accident of a human act? 758 Whether theologians should take note of the circumstances of human acts? 759 Whether the circumstances are properly set forth in the third book of Ethics? 760 Whether the most important circumstances are |why| and |in what the act consists|? 761 OF THE WILL, IN REGARD TO WHAT IT WILLS (THREE ARTICLES) 762 Whether the will is of good only? 763 Whether volition is of the end only, or also of the means? 764 Whether the will is moved by the same act to the end and to the means? 765 OF THAT WHICH MOVES THE WILL (SIX ARTICLES) 766 Whether the will is moved by the intellect? 767 Whether the will is moved by the sensitive appetite? 768 Whether the will moves itself? 769 Whether the will is moved by an exterior principle? 770 Whether the will is moved by a heavenly body? 771 Whether the will is moved by God alone, as exterior principle? 772 OF THE MANNER IN WHICH THE WILL IS MOVED (FOUR ARTICLES) 773 Whether the will is moved to anything naturally? 774 Whether the will is moved, of necessity, by its object? 775 Whether the will is moved, of necessity, by the lower appetite? 776 Whether the will is moved of necessity by the exterior mover which is God? 777 OF ENJOYMENT [*Or, Fruition], WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL (FOUR ARTICLES) 778 Whether to enjoy is an act of the appetitive power? 779 Whether to enjoy belongs to the rational creature alone, or also to irrational animals? 780 Whether enjoyment is only of the last end? 781 Whether enjoyment is only of the end possessed? 782 OF INTENTION (FIVE ARTICLES) 783 Whether intention is an act of the intellect or of the will? 784 Whether intention is only of the last end? 785 Whether one can intend two things at the same time? 786 Whether intention of the end is the same act as the volition of the means? 787 Whether intention is within the competency of irrational animals? 788 OF CHOICE, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL WITH REGARD TO THE MEANS (SIX ARTICLES) 789 Whether choice is an act of will or of reason? 790 Whether choice is to be found in irrational animals? 791 Whether choice is only of the means, or sometimes also of the end? 792 Whether choice is of those things only that are done by us? 793 Whether choice is only of possible things? 794 Whether man chooses of necessity or freely? 795 OF COUNSEL, WHICH PRECEDES CHOICE (SIX ARTICLES) 796 Whether counsel is an inquiry? 797 Whether counsel is of the end, or only of the means? 798 Whether counsel is only of things that we do? 799 Whether counsel is about all things that we do? 800 Whether the process of counsel is one of analysis? 801 Whether the process of counsel is indefinite? 802 OF CONSENT, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL IN REGARD TO THE MEANS (FOUR ARTICLES) 803 Whether consent is an act of the appetitive or of the apprehensive power? 804 Whether consent is to be found in irrational animals? 805 Whether consent is directed to the end or to the means? 806 Whether consent to the act belongs only to the higher part of the soul? 807 OF USE, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL IN REGARD TO THE MEANS (FOUR ARTICLES) 808 Whether use is an act of the will? 809 Whether use is to be found in irrational animals? 810 Whether use regards also the last end? 811 Whether use precedes choice? 812 OF THE ACTS COMMANDED BY THE WILL (NINE ARTICLES) 813 Whether command is an act of the reason or of the will? 814 Whether command belongs to irrational animals? 815 Whether use precedes command? 816 Whether command and the commanded act are one act, or distinct? 817 Whether the act of the will is commanded? 818 Whether the act of the reason is commanded? 819 Whether the act of the sensitive appetite is commanded? 820 Whether the act of the vegetal soul is commanded? 821 Whether the acts of the external members are commanded? 822 OF THE GOOD AND EVIL OF HUMAN ACTS, IN GENERAL (ELEVEN ARTICLES) 823 Whether every human action is good, or are there evil actions? 824 Whether the good or evil of a man's action is derived from its object? 825 Whether man's action is good or evil from a circumstance? 826 Whether a human action is good or evil from its end? 827 Whether a human action is good or evil in its species? 828 Whether an action has the species of good or evil from its end? 829 Whether the species derived from the end is contained under the species derived from the object, as under its genus, or conversely? 830 Whether any action is indifferent in its species? 831 Whether an individual action can be indifferent? 832 Whether a circumstance places a moral action in the species of good or evil? 833 Whether every circumstance that makes an action better or worse, places a moral action in a species of good or evil? 834 OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF THE INTERIOR ACT OF THE WILL (TEN ARTICLES) 835 Whether the goodness of the will depends on the object? 836 Whether the goodness of the will depends on the object alone? 837 Whether the goodness of the will depends on reason? 838 Whether the goodness of the will depends on the eternal law? 839 Whether the will is evil when it is at variance with erring reason? 840 Whether the will is good when it abides by erring reason? 841 Whether the goodness of the will, as regards the means, depends on the intention of the end? 842 Whether the degree of goodness or malice in the will depends on the degree of good or evil in the intention? 843 Whether the goodness of the will depends on its conformity to the Divine will? 844 Whether it is necessary for the human will, in order to be good, to be conformed to the Divine will, as regards the thing willed? 845 OF GOODNESS AND MALICE IN EXTERNAL HUMAN AFFAIRS (SIX ARTICLES) 846 Whether goodness or malice is first in the action of the will, or in the external action? 847 Whether the whole goodness and malice of the external action depends on the goodness of the will? 848 Whether the goodness and malice of the external action are the same as those of the interior act? 849 Whether the external action adds any goodness or malice to that of the interior act? 850 Whether the consequences of the external action increase its goodness or malice? 851 Whether one and the same external action can be both good and evil? 852 OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN ACTIONS BY REASON OF THEIR GOODNESS AND MALICE (FOUR ARTICLES) 853 Whether a human action is right or sinful, in so far as it is good or evil? 854 Whether a human action deserves praise or blame, by reason of its being good or evil? 855 Whether a human action is meritorious or demeritorious in so far as it is good or evil? 856 Whether a human action is meritorious or demeritorious before God, according as it is good or evil? 857 TREATISE ON THE PASSIONS (QQ -48)OF THE SUBJECT OF THE SOUL'S PASSIONS (THREE ARTICLES) 858 Whether any passion is in the soul? 859 Whether passion is in the appetitive rather than in the apprehensive part? 860 Whether passion is in the sensitive appetite rather than in the intellectual appetite, which is called the will? 861 HOW THE PASSIONS DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES) 862 Whether the passions of the concupiscible part are different from those of the irascible part? 863 Whether the contrariety of the irascible passions is based on the contrariety of good and evil? 864 Whether any passion of the soul has no contrariety? 865 Whether in the same power, there are any passions, specifically different, but not contrary to one another? 866 OF GOOD AND EVIL IN THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) 867 Whether moral good and evil can be found in the passions of the soul? 868 Whether every passion of the soul is evil morally? 869 Whether passion increases or decreases the goodness or malice of an act? 870 Whether any passion is good or evil in its species? 871 OF THE ORDER OF THE PASSIONS TO ONE ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES) 872 Whether the irascible passions precede the concupiscible passions, or vice versa? 873 Whether love is the first of the concupiscible passions? 874 Whether hope is the first of the irascible passions? 875 Whether these are the four principal passions: joy, sadness, hope and fear? 876 OF THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL IN PARTICULAR: AND FIRST, OF LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES) 877 Whether love is in the concupiscible power? 878 Whether love is a passion? 879 Whether love is the same as dilection? 880 Whether love is properly divided into love of friendship and love of concupiscence? 881 OF THE CAUSE OF LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES) 882 Whether good is the only cause of love? 883 Whether knowledge is a cause of love? 884 Whether likeness is a cause of love? 885 Whether any other passion of the soul is a cause of love? 886 OF THE EFFECTS OF LOVE (SIX ARTICLES) 887 Whether union is an effect of love? 888 Whether mutual indwelling is an effect of love? 889 Whether ecstasy is an effect of love? 890 Whether zeal is an effect of love? 891 Whether love is a passion that wounds the lover? 892 Whether love is cause of all that the lover does? 893 OF HATRED (SIX ARTICLES) 894 Whether evil is the cause and object of hatred? 895 Whether love is a cause of hatred? 896 Whether hatred is stronger than love? 897 Whether a man can hate himself? 898 Whether a man can hate the truth? 899 Whether anything can be an object of universal hatred? 900 OF CONCUPISCENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 901 Whether concupiscence is in the sensitive appetite only? 902 Whether concupiscence is a specific passion? 903 Whether some concupiscences are natural, and some not natural? 904 Whether concupiscence is infinite? 905 OF DELIGHT CONSIDERED IN ITSELF [*Or, Pleasure] (EIGHT ARTICLES) 906 Whether delight is a passion? 907 Whether delight is in time? 908 Whether delight differs from joy? 909 Whether delight is in the intellectual appetite? 910 Whether bodily and sensible pleasures are greater than spiritual and intellectual pleasures? 911 Whether the pleasures of touch are greater than the pleasures afforded by the other senses? 912 Whether any pleasure is not natural? 913 Whether one pleasure can be contrary to another? 914 OF THE CAUSE OF PLEASURE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 915 Whether operation is the proper cause of pleasure? 916 Whether movement is a cause of pleasure? 917 Whether hope and memory causes pleasure? 918 Whether sadness causes pleasure? 919 Whether the actions of others are a cause of pleasure to us? 920 Whether doing good to another is a cause of pleasure? 921 Whether likeness is a cause of pleasure? 922 Whether wonder is a cause of pleasure? 923 OF THE EFFECTS OF PLEASURE (FOUR ARTICLES) 924 Whether expansion is an effect of pleasure? 925 Whether pleasure causes thirst or desire for itself? 926 Whether pleasure hinders the use of reason? 927 Whether pleasure perfects operation? 928 OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF PLEASURES (FOUR ARTICLES) 929 Whether every pleasure is evil? 930 Whether every pleasure is good? 931 Whether any pleasure is the greatest good? 932 Whether pleasure is the measure or rule by which to judge of moral good or evil? 933 OF PAIN OR SORROW, IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES) 934 Whether pain is a passion of the soul? 935 Whether sorrow is the same as pain? 936 Whether sorrow or pain is contrary to pleasure? 937 Whether all sorrow is contrary to all pleasure? 938 Whether there is any sorrow contrary to the pleasure of contemplation? 939 Whether sorrow is to be shunned more than pleasure is to be sought? 940 Whether outward pain is greater than interior sorrow? 941 Whether there are only four species of sorrow? 942 OF THE CAUSES OF SORROW OR PAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 943 Whether sorrow is caused by the loss of good or by the presence of evil? 944 Whether desire is a cause of sorrow? 945 Whether the craving for unity is a cause of sorrow? 946 Whether an irresistible power is a cause of sorrow? 947 OF THE EFFECTS OF PAIN OR SORROW (FOUR ARTICLES) 948 Whether pain deprives one of the power to learn? 949 Whether the effect of sorrow or pain is to burden the soul? 950 Whether sorrow or pain weakens all activity? 951 Whether sorrow is more harmful to the body than the other passions of the soul? 952 OF THE REMEDIES OF SORROW OR PAIN (FIVE ARTICLES) 953 Whether pain or sorrow is assuaged by every pleasure? 954 Whether pain or sorrow is assuaged by tears? 955 Whether pain or sorrow are assuaged by the sympathy of friends? 956 Whether pain and sorrow are assuaged by the contemplation of truth? 957 Whether pain and sorrow are assuaged by sleep and baths? 958 OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF SORROW OR PAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 959 Whether all sorrow is evil? 960 Whether sorrow can be a virtuous good? 961 Whether sorrow can be a useful good? 962 Whether bodily pain is the greatest evil? 963 OF THE IRASCIBLE PASSIONS, AND FIRST, OF HOPE AND DESPAIR (EIGHT ARTICLES) 964 Whether hope is the same as desire of cupidity? 965 Whether hope is in the apprehensive or in the appetitive power? 966 Whether hope is in dumb animals? 967 Whether despair is contrary to hope? 968 Whether experience is a cause of hope? 969 Whether hope abounds in young men and drunkards? 970 Whether hope is a cause of love? 971 Whether hope is a help or a hindrance to action? 972 OF FEAR, IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) 973 Whether fear is a passion of the soul? 974 Whether fear is a special passion? 975 Whether there is a natural fear? 976 Whether the species of fear is suitably assigned? 977 OF THE OBJECT OF FEAR (SIX ARTICLES) 978 Whether the object of fear is good or evil? 979 Whether evil of nature is an object of fear? 980 Whether the evil of sin is an object of fear? 981 Whether fear itself can be feared? 982 Whether sudden things are especially feared? 983 Whether those things are more feared, for which there is no remedy? 984 OF THE CAUSE OF FEAR (TWO ARTICLES) 985 Whether love is the cause of fear? 986 Whether defect is the cause of fear? 987 OF THE EFFECTS OF FEAR (FOUR ARTICLES) 988 Whether fear causes contraction? 989 Whether fear makes one suitable for counsel? 990 Whether fear makes one tremble? 991 Whether fear hinders action? 992 OF DARING (FOUR ARTICLES) 993 Whether daring is contrary to fear? 994 Whether daring ensues from hope? 995 Whether some defect is a cause of daring? 996 Whether the brave are more eager at first than in the midst of danger? 997 OF ANGER, IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES) 998 Whether anger is a special passion? 999 Whether the object of anger is good or evil? 1000 Whether anger is in the concupiscible faculty? 1001 Whether anger requires an act of reason? 1002 Whether anger is more natural than desire? 1003 Whether anger is more grievous than hatred? 1004 Whether anger is only towards those to whom one has an obligation of justice? 1005 Whether the species of anger are suitably assigned? 1006 OF THE CAUSE THAT PROVOKES ANGER, AND OF THE REMEDIES OF ANGER (FOUR ARTICLES) [*There is no further mention of these remedies in the text, except in A .] 1007 Whether the motive of anger is always something done against the one who is angry? 1008 Whether the sole motive of anger is slight or contempt? 1009 Whether a man's excellence is the cause of his being angry? 1010 Whether a person's defect is a reason for being more easily angry with him? 1011 OF THE EFFECTS OF ANGER (FOUR ARTICLES) 1012 Whether anger causes pleasure? 1013 Whether anger above all causes fervor in the heart? 1014 Whether anger above all hinders the use of reason? 1015 Whether anger above all causes taciturnity? 1016 TREATISE ON HABITS (QQ -54)OF HABITS IN GENERAL, AS TO THEIR SUBSTANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1017 Whether habit is a quality? 1018 Whether habit is a distinct species of quality? 1019 Whether habit implies order to an act? 1020 Whether habits are necessary? 1021 OF THE SUBJECT OF HABITS (SIX ARTICLES) 1022 Whether there is a habit in the body? 1023 Whether the soul is the subject of habit in respect of its essence or in respect of its power? 1024 Whether there can be any habits in the powers of the sensitive parts? 1025 Whether there is any habit in the intellect? 1026 Whether any habit is in the will? 1027 Whether there are habits in the angels? 1028 OF THE CAUSE OF HABITS, AS TO THEIR FORMATION (FOUR ARTICLES) 1029 Whether any habit is from nature? 1030 Whether any habit is caused by acts? 1031 Whether a habit can be caused by one act? 1032 Whether any habits are infused in man by God? 1033 OF THE INCREASE OF HABITS (THREE ARTICLES) 1034 Whether habits increase? 1035 Whether habits increases by addition? 1036 Whether every act increases its habit? 1037 HOW HABITS ARE CORRUPTED OR DIMINISHED (THREE ARTICLES) 1038 Whether a habit can be corrupted? 1039 Whether a habit can diminish? 1040 Whether a habit is corrupted or diminished through mere cessation from act? 1041 OF THE DISTINCTION OF HABITS (FOUR ARTICLES) 1042 Whether many habits can be in one power? 1043 Whether habits are distinguished by their objects? 1044 Whether habits are divided into good and bad? 1045 Whether one habit is made up of many habits? 1046 TREATISE ON HABITS IN PARTICULAR (QQ -89) GOOD HABITS, i.e. VIRTUES (QQ -70)OF THE VIRTUES, AS TO THEIR ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1047 Whether human virtue is a habit? 1048 Whether human virtue is an operative habit? 1049 Whether human virtue is a good habit? 1050 Whether virtue is suitably defined? 1051 OF THE SUBJECT OF VIRTUE (SIX ARTICLES) 1052 Whether the subject of virtue is a power of the soul? 1053 Whether one virtue can be in several powers? 1054 Whether the intellect can be the subject of virtue? 1055 Whether the irascible and concupiscible powers are the subject of virtue? 1056 Whether the sensitive powers of apprehension are the subject of virtue? 1057 Whether the will can be the subject of virtue? 1058 OF THE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES (SIX ARTICLES) 1059 Whether the habits of the speculative intellect are virtues? 1060 Whether there are only three habits of the speculative intellect, viz. wisdom, science and understanding? 1061 Whether the intellectual habit, art, is a virtue? 1062 Whether prudence is a distinct virtue from art? 1063 Whether prudence is a virtue necessary to man? 1064 Whether |eubulia, synesis, and gnome| are virtues annexed to prudence? [*{euboulia, synesis, gnome}] 1065 OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES) 1066 Whether every virtue is a moral virtue? 1067 Whether moral virtue differs from intellectual virtue? 1068 Whether virtue is adequately divided into moral and intellectual? 1069 Whether there can be moral without intellectual virtue? 1070 Whether there can be intellectual without moral virtue? 1071 OF MORAL VIRTUE IN RELATION TO THE PASSIONS (FIVE ARTICLES) 1072 Whether moral virtue is a passion? 1073 Whether there can be moral virtue with passion? 1074 Whether sorrow is compatible with moral virtue? 1075 Whether all the moral virtues are about the passions? 1076 Whether there can be moral virtue without passion? 1077 HOW THE MORAL VIRTUES DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER (FIVE ARTICLES) 1078 Whether there is only one moral virtue? 1079 Whether moral virtues about operations are different from those that are about passions? 1080 Whether there is only one moral virtue about operations? 1081 Whether there are different moral virtues about different passions? 1082 Whether the moral virtues differ in point of the various objects of the passions? 1083 OF THE CARDINAL VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES) 1084 Whether the moral virtues should be called cardinal or principal virtues? 1085 Whether there are four cardinal virtues? 1086 Whether any other virtues should be called principal rather than these? 1087 Whether the four cardinal virtues differ from one another? 1088 Whether the cardinal virtues are fittingly divided into social virtues, perfecting, perfect, and exemplar virtues? 1089 OF THE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES (FOUR ARTICLES) 1090 Whether there are any theological virtues? 1091 Whether the theological virtues are distinct from the intellectual and moral virtues? 1092 Whether faith, hope, and charity are fittingly reckoned as theological virtues? 1093 Whether faith precedes hope, and hope charity? 1094 OF THE CAUSE OF VIRTUES (FOUR ARTICLES) 1095 Whether virtue is in us by nature? 1096 Whether any virtue is caused in us by habituation? 1097 Whether any moral virtues are in us by infusion? 1098 Whether virtue by habituation belongs to the same species as infused virtue? 1099 OF THE MEAN OF VIRTUE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1100 Whether moral virtues observe the mean? 1101 Whether the mean of moral virtue is the real mean, or the rational mean? 1102 Whether the intellectual virtues observe the mean? 1103 Whether the theological virtues observe the mean? 1104 OF THE CONNECTION OF VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES) 1105 Whether the moral virtues are connected with one another? 1106 Whether moral virtues can be without charity? 1107 Whether charity can be without moral virtue? 1108 Whether faith and hope can be without charity? 1109 Whether charity can be without faith and hope? 1110 OF EQUALITY AMONG THE VIRTUES (SIX ARTICLES) 1111 Whether one virtue can be greater or less than another? 1112 Whether all the virtues that are together in one man, are equal? 1113 Whether the moral virtues are better than the intellectual virtues? 1114 Whether justice is the chief of the moral virtues? 1115 Whether wisdom is the greatest of the intellectual virtues? 1116 Whether charity is the greatest of the theological virtues? 1117 OF THE DURATION OF VIRTUES AFTER THIS LIFE (SIX ARTICLES) 1118 Whether the moral virtues remain after this life? 1119 Whether the intellectual virtues remain after this life? 1120 Whether faith remains after this life? 1121 Whether hope remains after death, in the state of glory? 1122 Whether anything of faith or hope remains in glory? 1123 Whether charity remains after this life, in glory? 1124 OF THE GIFTS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1125 Whether the Gifts differ from the virtues? 1126 Whether the gifts are necessary to man for salvation? 1127 Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost are habits? 1128 Whether the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost are suitably enumerated? 1129 Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost are connected? 1130 Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost remain in heaven? 1131 Whether the gifts are set down by Isaias in their order of dignity? 1132 Whether the virtues are more excellent than the gifts? 1133 OF THE BEATITUDES (FOUR ARTICLES) 1134 Whether the beatitudes differ from the virtues and gifts? 1135 Whether the rewards assigned to the beatitudes refer to this life? 1136 Whether the beatitudes are suitably enumerated? 1137 Whether the rewards of the beatitudes are suitably enumerated? 1138 OF THE FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES) 1139 Whether the fruits of the Holy Ghost which the Apostle enumerates (Galatians 5) are acts? 1140 Whether the fruits differ from the beatitudes? 1141 Whether the fruits are suitably enumerated by the Apostle? 1142 Whether the fruits of the Holy Ghost are contrary to the works of the flesh? 1143 EVIL HABITS, i.e. VICES AND SINS (QQ -89) 1144 Whether vice is contrary to virtue? 1145 Whether vice is contrary to nature? 1146 Whether vice is worse than a vicious act? 1147 Whether sin is compatible with virtue? 1148 Whether every sin includes an action? 1149 Whether sin is fittingly defined as a word, deed, or desire contrary to the eternal law? 1150 OF THE DISTINCTION OF SINS (NINE ARTICLES) 1151 Whether sins differ in species according to their objects? 1152 Whether spiritual sins are fittingly distinguished from carnal sins? 1153 Whether sins differ specifically in reference to their causes? 1154 Whether sin is fittingly divided into sin against God, against oneself, and against one's neighbor? 1155 Whether the division of sins according to their debt of punishment diversifies their species? 1156 Whether sins of commission and omission differ specifically? 1157 Whether sins are fittingly divided into sins of thought, word, and deed? 1158 Whether excess and deficiency diversify the species of sins? 1159 Whether sins differ specifically in respect of different circumstances? 1160 OF THE COMPARISON OF ONE SIN WITH ANOTHER (TEN ARTICLES) 1161 Whether all sins are connected with one another? 1162 Whether all sins are equal? 1163 Whether the gravity of sins varies according to their objects? 1164 Whether the gravity of sins depends on the excellence of the virtues to which they are opposed? 1165 Whether carnal sins are of less guilt than spiritual sins? 1166 Whether the gravity of a sin depends on its cause? 1167 Whether a circumstance aggravates a sin? 1168 Whether sin is aggravated by reason of its causing more harm? 1169 Whether a sin is aggravated by reason of the condition of the person against whom it is committed? 1170 Whether the excellence of the person sinning aggravates the sin? 1171 OF THE SUBJECT OF SIN (TEN ARTICLES) 1172 Whether the will is a subject of sin? 1173 Whether the will alone is the subject of sin? 1174 Whether there can be sin in the sensuality? 1175 Whether mortal sin can be in the sensuality? 1176 Whether sin can be in the reason? 1177 Whether the sin of morose delectation is in the reason? 1178 Whether the sin of consent to the act is in the higher reason? 1179 Whether consent to delectation is a mortal sin? 1180 Whether there can be venial sin in the higher reason as directing the lower powers? 1181 Whether venial sin can be in the higher reason as such? 1182 OF THE CAUSES OF SIN, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) 1183 Whether sin has a cause? 1184 Whether sin has an internal cause? 1185 Whether sin has an external cause? 1186 Whether one sin is a cause of another? 1187 OF THE CAUSES OF SIN, IN PARTICULAR (FOUR ARTICLES) 1188 Whether ignorance can be a cause of sin? 1189 Whether ignorance is a sin? 1190 Whether ignorance excuses from sin altogether? 1191 Whether ignorance diminishes a sin? 1192 OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF THE SENSITIVE APPETITE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1193 Whether the will is moved by a passion of the senstive appetite? 1194 Whether the reason can be overcome by a passion, against its knowledge? 1195 Whether a sin committed through passion, should be called a sin of weakness? 1196 Whether self-love is the source of every sin? 1197 Whether concupiscence of the flesh, concupiscence of the eyes, and pride of life are fittingly described as causes of sin? 1198 Whether sin is alleviated on account of a passion? 1199 Whether passion excuses from sin altogether? 1200 Whether a sin committed through passion can be mortal? 1201 OF THAT CAUSE OF SIN WHICH IS MALICE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1202 Whether anyone sins through certain malice? 1203 Whether everyone that sins through habit, sins through certain malice? 1204 Whether one who sins through certain malice, sins through habit? 1205 Whether it is more grievous to sin through certain malice than through passion? 1206 OF THE EXTERNAL CAUSES OF SIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 1207 Whether God is a cause of sin? 1208 Whether the act of sin is from God? 1209 Whether God is the cause of spiritual blindness and hardness of heart? 1210 Whether blindness and hardness of heart are directed to the salvation of those who are blinded and hardened? 1211 OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, AS REGARDS THE DEVIL (FOUR ARTICLES) 1212 Whether the devil is directly the cause of man's sinning? 1213 Whether the devil can induce man to sin, by internal instigations? 1214 Whether the devil can induce man to sin of necessity? 1215 Whether all the sins of men are due to the devil's suggestion? 1216 OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF MAN (FIVE ARTICLES) 1217 Whether the first sin of our first parent is contracted by his descendants, by way of origin? 1218 Whether also other sins of the first parent or of nearer ancestors are transmitted to their descendants? 1219 Whether the sin of the first parent is transmitted, by the way of origin, to all men? 1220 Whether original sin would be contracted by a person formed miraculously from human flesh? 1221 Whether if Eve, and not Adam, had sinned, their children would have contracted original sin? 1222 OF ORIGINAL SIN, AS TO ITS ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1223 Whether original sin is a habit? 1224 Whether there are several original sins in one man? 1225 Whether original sin is concupiscence? 1226 Whether original sin is equally in all? 1227 OF THE SUBJECT OF ORIGINAL SIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 1228 Whether original sin is more in the flesh than in the soul? 1229 Whether original sin is in the essence of the soul rather than in the powers? 1230 Whether original sin infects the will before the other powers? 1231 Whether the aforesaid powers are more infected than the others? 1232 OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, IN RESPECT OF ONE SIN BEING THE CAUSE OF ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES) 1233 Whether covetousness is the root of all sins? 1234 Whether pride is the beginning of every sin? 1235 Whether any other special sins, besides pride and avarice, should be called capital? 1236 Whether the seven capital vices are suitably reckoned? 1237 OF THE EFFECTS OF SIN, AND, FIRST, OF THE CORRUPTION OF THE GOOD OF NATURE (SIX ARTICLES) 1238 Whether sin diminishes the good of nature? 1239 Whether the entire good of human nature can be destroyed by sin? 1240 Whether weakness, ignorance, malice and concupiscence are suitably reckoned as the wounds of nature consequent upon sin? 1241 Whether privation of mode, species and order is the effect of sin? 1242 Whether death and other bodily defects are the result of sin? 1243 Whether death and other defects are natural to man? 1244 OF THE STAIN OF SIN (TWO ARTICLES) 1245 Whether sin causes a stain on the soul? 1246 Whether the stain remains in the soul after the act of sin? 1247 OF THE DEBT OF PUNISHMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1248 Whether the debt of punishment is an effect of sin? 1249 Whether sin can be the punishment of sin? 1250 Whether any sin incurs a debt of eternal punishment? 1251 Whether sin incurs a debt of punishment infinite in quantity? 1252 Whether every sin incurs a debt of eternal punishment? 1253 Whether the debt of punishment remains after sin? 1254 Whether every punishment is inflicted for a sin? 1255 Whether anyone is punished for another's sin? 1256 OF VENIAL AND MORTAL SIN (SIX ARTICLES) 1257 Whether venial sin is fittingly condivided with mortal sin? 1258 Whether mortal and venial sin differ generically? 1259 Whether venial sin is a disposition to mortal sin? 1260 Whether a venial sin can become mortal? 1261 Whether a circumstance can make a venial sin to be mortal? 1262 Whether a mortal sin can become venial? 1263 OF VENIAL SIN IN ITSELF (SIX ARTICLES) 1264 Whether venial sin causes a stain on the soul? 1265 Whether venial sins are suitably designated as |wood, hay, and stubble|? 1266 Whether man could commit a venial sin in the state of innocence? 1267 Whether a good or a wicked angel can sin venially? 1268 Whether the first movements of the sensuality in unbelievers are mortal sin? 1269 Whether venial sin can be in anyone with original sin alone? 1270 TREATISE ON LAW (QQ 90-108)OF THE ESSENCE OF LAW (FOUR ARTICLES) 1271 Whether law is something pertaining to reason? 1272 Whether the law is always something directed to the common good? 1273 Whether the reason of any man is competent to make laws? 1274 Whether promulgation is essential to a law? 1275 OF THE VARIOUS KINDS OF LAW (SIX ARTICLES) 1276 Whether there is an eternal law? 1277 Whether there is in us a natural law? 1278 Whether there is a human law? 1279 Whether there was any need for a Divine law? 1280 Whether there is but one Divine law? 1281 Whether there is a law in the fomes of sin? 1282 OF THE EFFECTS OF LAW (TWO ARTICLES) 1283 Whether an effect of law is to make men good? 1284 Whether the acts of law are suitably assigned? 1285 OF THE ETERNAL LAW (SIX ARTICLES) 1286 Whether the eternal law is a sovereign type [*Ratio] existing in God? 1287 Whether the eternal law is known to all? 1288 Whether every law is derived from the eternal law? 1289 Whether necessary and eternal things are subject to the eternal law? 1290 Whether natural contingents are subject to the eternal law? 1291 Whether all human affairs are subject to the eternal law? 1292 OF THE NATURAL LAW (SIX ARTICLES) 1293 Whether the natural law is a habit? 1294 Whether the natural law contains several precepts, or only one? 1295 Whether all acts of virtue are prescribed by the natural law? 1296 Whether the natural law is the same in all men? 1297 Whether the natural law can be changed? 1298 Whether the law of nature can be abolished from the heart of man? 1299 OF HUMAN LAW (FOUR ARTICLES) 1300 Whether it was useful for laws to be framed by men? 1301 Whether every human law is derived from the natural law? 1302 Whether Isidore's description of the quality of positive law is appropriate? 1303 Whether Isidore's division of human laws is appropriate? 1304 OF THE POWER OF HUMAN LAW (SIX ARTICLES) 1305 Whether human law should be framed for the community rather than for the individual? 1306 Whether it belongs to the human law to repress all vices? 1307 Whether human law prescribes acts of all the virtues? 1308 Whether human law binds a man in conscience? 1309 Whether all are subject to the law? 1310 Whether he who is under a law may act beside the letter of the law? 1311 OF CHANGE IN LAWS (FOUR ARTICLES) 1312 Whether human law should be changed in any way? 1313 Whether human law should always be changed, whenever something better occurs? 1314 Whether custom can obtain force of law? 1315 Whether the rulers of the people can dispense from human laws? 1316 OF THE OLD LAW (SIX ARTICLES) 1317 Whether the Old Law was good? 1318 Whether the Old Law was from God? 1319 Whether the Old Law was given through the angels? 1320 Whether the Old Law should have been given to the Jews alone? 1321 Whether all men were bound to observe the Old Law? 1322 Whether the Old Law was suitably given at the time of Moses? 1323 OF THE PRECEPTS OF THE OLD LAW (SIX ARTICLES) 1324 Whether the Old Law contains only one precept? 1325 Whether the Old Law contains moral precepts? 1326 Whether the Old Law comprises ceremonial, besides moral, precepts? 1327 Whether, besides the moral and ceremonial precepts, there are also judicial precepts? 1328 Whether the Old Law contains any others besides the moral, judicial, and ceremonial precepts? 1329 Whether the Old Law should have induced men to the observance of its precepts, by means of temporal promises and threats? 1330 OF THE MORAL PRECEPTS OF THE OLD LAW (TWELVE ARTICLES) 1331 Whether all the moral precepts of the Old Law belong to the law of nature? 1332 Whether the moral precepts of the Law are about all the acts of virtue? 1333 Whether all the moral precepts of the Old Law are reducible to the ten precepts of the decalogue? 1334 Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably distinguished from one another? 1335 Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably set forth? 1336 Whether the ten precepts of the decalogue are set in proper order? 1337 Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably formulated? 1338 Whether the precepts of the decalogue are dispensable? 1339 Whether the mode of virtue falls under the precept of the law? 1340 Whether the mode of charity falls under the precept of the Divine law? 1341 Whether it is right to distinguish other moral precepts of the law besides the decalogue? 1342 Whether the moral precepts of the Old Law justified man? 1343 OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS IN THEMSELVES (FOUR ARTICLES) 1344 Whether the nature of the ceremonial precepts consists in their pertaining to the worship of God? 1345 Whether the ceremonial precepts are figurative? 1346 Whether there should have been man ceremonial precepts? 1347 Whether the ceremonies of the Old Law are suitably divided into sacrifices, sacred things, sacraments, and observances? 1348 OF THE CAUSES OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS (SIX ARTICLES) 1349 Whether there was any cause for the ceremonial precepts? 1350 Whether the ceremonial precepts have a literal cause or merely a figurative cause? 1351 Whether a suitable cause can be assigned for the ceremonies which pertained to sacrifices? 1352 Whether sufficient reason can be assigned for the ceremonies pertaining to holy things? 1353 Whether there can be any suitable cause for the sacraments of the Old Law? 1354 Whether there was any reasonable cause for the ceremonial observances? 1355 OF THE DURATION OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES) 1356 Whether the ceremonies of the Law were in existence before the Law? 1357 Whether, at the time of the Law, the ceremonies of the Old Law had any power of justification? 1358 Whether the ceremonies of the Old Law ceased at the coming of Christ? 1359 Whether since Christ's Passion the legal ceremonies can be observed without committing mortal sin? 1360 OF THE JUDICIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES) 1361 Whether the judicial precepts were those which directed man in relation to his neighbor? 1362 Whether the judicial precepts were figurative? 1363 Whether the judicial precepts of the Old Law bind for ever? 1364 Whether it is possible to assign a distinct division of the judicial precepts? 1365 OF THE REASON FOR THE JUDICIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES) 1366 Whether the Old Law enjoined fitting precepts concerning rulers? 1367 Whether the judicial precepts were suitably framed as to the relations of one man with another? 1368 Whether the judicial precepts regarding foreigners were framed in a suitable manner? 1369 Whether the Old Law set forth suitable precepts about the members of the household? 1370 OF THE LAW OF THE GOSPEL, CALLED THE NEW LAW, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) 1371 Whether the New Law is a written law? 1372 Whether the New Law justifies? 1373 Whether the New Law should have been given from the beginning of the world? 1374 Whether the New Law will last till the end of the world? 1375 OF THE NEW LAW AS COMPARED WITH THE OLD (FOUR ARTICLES) 1376 Whether the New Law is distinct from the Old Law? 1377 Whether the New Law fulfils the Old? 1378 Whether the New Law is contained in the Old? 1379 Whether the New Law is more burdensome than the Old? 1380 OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE CONTAINED IN THE NEW LAW (FOUR ARTICLES) 1381 Whether the New Law ought to prescribe or prohibit any external acts? 1382 Whether the New Law made sufficient ordinations about external acts? 1383 Whether the New Law directed man sufficiently as regards interior actions? 1384 Whether certain definite counsels are fittingly proposed in the New Law? 1385 TREATISE ON GRACE (QQ -114)OF THE NECESSITY OF GRACE (TEN ARTICLES) 1386 Whether without grace man can know any truth? 1387 Whether man can wish or do any good without grace? 1388 Whether by his own natural powers and without grace man can love God above all things? 1389 Whether man without grace and by his own natural powers can fulfil the commandments of the Law? 1390 Whether man can merit everlasting life without grace? 1391 Whether a man, by himself and without the external aid of grace, can prepare himself for grace? 1392 Whether man can rise from sin without the help of grace? 1393 Whether man without grace can avoid sin? 1394 Whether one who has already obtained grace, can, of himself and without further help of grace, do good and avoid sin? 1395 Whether man possessed of grace needs the help of grace in order to persevere? 1396 OF THE GRACE OF GOD AS REGARDS ITS ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1397 Whether grace implies anything in the soul? 1398 Whether grace is a quality of the soul? 1399 Whether grace is the same as virtue? 1400 Whether grace is in the essence of the soul as in a subject, or in one of the powers? 1401 OF THE DIVISION OF GRACE (FIVE ARTICLES) 1402 Whether grace is fittingly divided into sanctifying grace and gratuitous grace? 1403 Whether grace is fittingly divided into operating and cooperating grace? 1404 Whether grace is fittingly divided into prevenient and subsequent grace? 1405 Whether gratuitous grace is rightly divided by the Apostle? 1406 Whether gratuitous grace is nobler than sanctifying grace? 1407 OF THE CAUSE OF GRACE (FIVE ARTICLES) 1408 Whether God alone is the cause of grace? 1409 Whether any preparation and disposition for grace is required on man's part? 1410 Whether grace is necessarily given to whoever prepares himself for it, or to whoever does what he can? 1411 Whether grace is greater in one than in another? 1412 Whether man can know that he has grace? 1413 OF THE EFFECTS OF GRACE (TEN ARTICLES) 1414 Whether the justification of the ungodly is the remission of sins? 1415 Whether the infusion of grace is required for the remission of guilt, i.e. for the justification of the ungodly? 1416 Whether for the justification of the ungodly is required a movement of the free-will? 1417 Whether a movement of faith is required for the justification of the ungodly? 1418 Whether for the justification of the ungodly there is required a movement of the free-will towards sin? 1419 Whether the remission of sins ought to be reckoned amongst the things required for justification? 1420 Whether the justification of the ungodly takes place in an instant or successively? 1421 Whether the infusion of grace is naturally the first of the things required for the justification of the ungodly? 1422 Whether the justification of the ungodly is God's greatest work? 1423 Whether the justification of the ungodly is a miraculous work? 1424 OF MERIT (TEN ARTICLES) 1425 Whether a man may merit anything from God? 1426 Whether anyone without grace can merit eternal life? 1427 Whether a man in grace can merit eternal life condignly? 1428 Whether grace is the principle of merit through charity rather than the other virtues? 1429 Whether a man may merit for himself the first grace? 1430 Whether a man can merit the first grace for another? 1431 Whether a man may merit restoration after a fall? 1432 Whether a man may merit the increase of grace or charity? 1433 Whether a man may merit perseverance? 1434 Whether temporal goods fall under merit? 1435 SECOND PART OF THE SECOND PART (SS) (QQ -189). TREATISE ON THE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES (QQ -46)OF FAITH (TEN ARTICLES) 1436 Whether the object of faith is the First Truth? 1437 Whether the object of faith is something complex, by way of a proposition? 1438 Whether anything false can come under faith? 1439 Whether the object of faith can be something seen? 1440 Whether those things that are of faith can be an object of science [*Science is certain knowledge of a demonstrated conclusion through its demonstration]? 1441 Whether those things that are of faith should be divided into certain articles? 1442 Whether the articles of faith have increased in course of time? 1443 Whether the articles of faith are suitably formulated? 1444 Whether it is suitable for the articles of faith to be embodied in a symbol? 1445 Whether it belongs to the Sovereign Pontiff to draw up a symbol of faith? 1446 OF THE ACT OF FAITH (TEN ARTICLES) 1447 Whether to believe is to think with assent? 1448 Whether the act of faith is suitably distinguished as believing God, believing in a God and believing in God? 1449 Whether it is necessary for salvation to believe anything above the natural reason? 1450 Whether it is necessary to believe those things which can be proved by natural reason? 1451 Whether man is bound to believe anything explicitly? 1452 Whether all are equally bound to have explicit faith? 1453 Whether it is necessary for the salvation of all, that they should believe explicitly in the mystery of Christ? 1454 Whether it is necessary for salvation to believe explicitly in the Trinity? 1455 Whether to believe is meritorious? 1456 Whether reasons in support of what we believe lessen the merit of faith? 1457 OF THE OUTWARD ACT OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES) 1458 Whether confession is an act of faith? 1459 Whether confession of faith is necessary for salvation? 1460 OF THE VIRTUE ITSELF OF FAITH (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1461 Whether this is a fitting definition of faith: |Faith is the substance of things to be hoped for, the evidence of things that appear not?| 1462 Whether faith resides in the intellect? 1463 Whether charity is the form of faith? 1464 Whether lifeless faith can become living, or living faith, lifeless? 1465 Whether faith is a virtue? 1466 Whether faith is one virtue? 1467 Whether faith is the first of the virtues? 1468 Whether faith is more certain than science and the other intellectual virtues? 1469 OF THOSE WHO HAVE FAITH (FOUR ARTICLES) 1470 Whether there was faith in the angels, or in man, in their original state? 1471 Whether in the demons there is faith? 1472 Whether a man who disbelieves one article of faith, can have lifeless faith in the other articles? 1473 Whether faith can be greater in one man than in another? 1474 OF THE CAUSE OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES) 1475 Whether faith is infused into man by God? 1476 Whether lifeless faith is a gift of God? 1477 OF THE EFFECTS OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES) 1478 Whether fear is an effect of faith? 1479 Whether faith has the effect of purifying the heart? 1480 OF THE GIFT OF UNDERSTANDING (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1481 Whether understanding is a gift of the Holy Ghost? 1482 Whether the gift of understanding is compatible with faith? 1483 Whether the gift of understanding is merely speculative or also practical? 1484 Whether the gift of understanding is in all who are in a state of grace? 1485 Whether the gift of understanding is found also in those who have not sanctifying grace? 1486 Whether the gift of understanding is distinct from the other gifts? 1487 Whether the sixth beatitude, |Blessed are the clean of heart,| etc., responds to the gift of understanding? 1488 Whether faith, among the fruits, responds to the gift of understanding? 1489 OF THE GIFT OF KNOWLEDGE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1490 Whether knowledge is a gift? 1491 Whether the gift of knowledge is about Divine things? 1492 Whether the gift of knowledge is practical knowledge? 1493 Whether the third beatitude, |Blessed are they that mourn,| etc. corresponds to the gift of knowledge? 1494 OF UNBELIEF IN GENERAL (TWELVE ARTICLES) 1495 Whether unbelief is a sin? 1496 Whether unbelief is in the intellect as its subject? 1497 Whether unbelief is the greatest of sin? 1498 Whether every act of an unbeliever is a sin? 1499 Whether there are several species of unbelief? 1500 Whether the unbelief of pagans or heathens is graver than other kinds? 1501 Whether one ought to dispute with unbelievers in public? 1502 Whether unbelievers ought to be compelled to the faith? 1503 Whether it is lawful to communicate with unbelievers? 1504 Whether unbelievers may have authority or dominion over the faithful? 1505 Whether the rites of unbelievers ought to be tolerated? 1506 Whether the children of Jews and other unbelievers ought to be baptized against their parents' will? 1507 OF HERESY (FOUR ARTICLES) 1508 Whether heresy is a species of unbelief? 1509 Whether heresy is properly about matters of faith? 1510 Whether heretics ought to be tolerated? 1511 Whether the Church should receive those who return from heresy? 1512 OF APOSTASY (TWO ARTICLES) 1513 Whether apostasy pertains to unbelief? 1514 Whether a prince forfeits his dominion over his subjects, on account of apostasy from the faith, so that they no longer owe him allegiance? 1515 OF THE SIN OF BLASPHEMY, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) 1516 Whether blasphemy is opposed to the confession of faith? 1517 Whether blasphemy is always a mortal sin? 1518 Whether the sin of blasphemy is the greatest sin? 1519 Whether the damned blaspheme? 1520 OF BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES) 1521 Whether the sin against the Holy Ghost is the same as the sin committed through certain malice? 1522 Whether it is fitting to distinguish six kinds of sin against the Holy Ghost? 1523 Whether the sin against the Holy Ghost can be forgiven? 1524 Whether a man can sin first of all against the Holy Ghost? 1525 OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING (THREE ARTICLES) 1526 Whether blindness of mind is a sin? 1527 Whether dulness of sense is a sin distinct from blindness of mind? 1528 Whether blindness of mind and dulness of sense arise from sins of the flesh? 1529 OF THE PRECEPTS OF FAITH, KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING (TWO ARTICLES) 1530 Whether in the Old Law there should have been given precepts of faith? 1531 Whether the precepts referring to knowledge and understanding were fittingly set down in the Old Law? 1532 OF HOPE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1533 Whether hope is a virtue? 1534 Whether eternal happiness is the proper object of hope? 1535 Whether one man may hope for another's eternal happiness? 1536 Whether a man can lawfully hope in man? 1537 Whether hope is a theological virtue? 1538 Whether hope is distinct from the other theological virtues? 1539 Whether hope precedes faith? 1540 Whether charity precedes hope? 1541 OF THE SUBJECT OF HOPE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1542 Whether hope is in the will as its subject? 1543 Whether in the blessed there is hope? 1544 Whether hope is in the damned? 1545 Whether there is certainty in the hope of a wayfarer? 1546 OF THE GIFT OF FEAR (TWELVE ARTICLES) 1547 Whether God can be feared? 1548 Whether fear is fittingly divided into filial, initial, servile and worldly fear? 1549 Whether worldly fear is always evil? 1550 Whether servile fear is good? 1551 Whether servile fear is substantially the same as filial fear? 1552 Whether servile fear remains with charity? 1553 Whether fear is the beginning of wisdom? 1554 Whether initial fear differs substantially from filial fear? 1555 Whether fear is a gift of the Holy Ghost? 1556 Whether fear decreases when charity increases? 1557 Whether fear remains in heaven? 1558 Whether poverty of spirit is the beatitude corresponding to the gift of fear? 1559 OF DESPAIR (FOUR ARTICLES) 1560 Whether despair is a sin? 1561 Whether there can be despair without unbelief? 1562 Whether despair is the greatest of sins? 1563 Whether despair arises from sloth? 1564 OF PRESUMPTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 1565 Whether presumption trusts in God or in our own power? 1566 Whether presumption is a sin? 1567 Whether presumption is more opposed to fear than to hope? 1568 Whether presumption arises from vainglory? 1569 OF THE PRECEPTS RELATING TO HOPE AND FEAR (TWO ARTICLES) 1570 Whether there should be a precept of hope? 1571 Whether there should have been given a precept of fear? 1572 OF CHARITY, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1573 Whether charity is friendship? 1574 Whether charity is something created in the soul? 1575 Whether charity is a virtue? 1576 Whether charity is a special virtue? 1577 Whether charity is one virtue? 1578 Whether charity is the most excellent of the virtues? 1579 Whether any true virtue is possible without charity? 1580 Whether charity is the form of the virtues? 1581 OF THE SUBJECT OF CHARITY (TWELVE ARTICLES) 1582 Whether the will is the subject of charity? 1583 Whether charity is caused in us by infusion? 1584 Whether charity is infused according to the capacity of our natural gifts? 1585 Whether charity can increase? 1586 Whether charity increases by addition? 1587 Whether charity increases through every act of charity? 1588 Whether charity increases indefinitely? 1589 Whether charity can be perfect in this life? 1590 Whether charity is rightly distinguished into three degrees, beginning, progress, and perfection? 1591 Whether charity can decrease? 1592 Whether we can lose charity when once we have it? 1593 Whether charity is lost through one mortal sin? 1594 OF THE OBJECT OF CHARITY (TWELVE ARTICLES) 1595 Whether the love of charity stops at God, or extends to our neighbor? 1596 Whether we should love charity out of charity? 1597 Whether irrational creatures also ought to be loved out of charity? 1598 Whether a man ought to love himself out of charity? 1599 Whether a man ought to love his body out of charity? 1600 Whether we ought to love sinners out of charity? 1601 Whether sinners love themselves? 1602 Whether charity requires that we should love our enemies? 1603 Whether it is necessary for salvation that we should show our enemies the signs and effects of love? 1604 Whether we ought to love the angels out of charity? 1605 Whether we are bound to love the demons out of charity? 1606 Whether four things are rightly reckoned as to be loved out of charity, viz. God, our neighbor, our body and ourselves? 1607 OF THE ORDER OF CHARITY (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) 1608 Whether there is order in charity? 1609 Whether God ought to be loved more than our neighbor? 1610 Whether out of charity, man is bound to love God more than himself? 1611 Whether our of charity, man ought to love himself more than his neighbor? 1612 Whether a man ought to love his neighbor more than his own body? 1613 Whether we ought to love one neighbor more than another? 1614 Whether we ought to love those who are better more those who are more closely united us? 1615 Whether we ought to love more those who are connected with us by ties of blood? 1616 Whether a man ought, out of charity, to love his children more than his father? 1617 Whether a man ought to love his mother more than his father? 1618 Whether a man ought to love his wife more than his father and mother? 1619 Whether a man ought to love more his benefactor than one he has benefited? 1620 Whether the order of charity endures in heaven? 1621 OF THE PRINCIPLE ACT OF CHARITY, WHICH IS TO LOVE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1622 Whether to be loved is more proper to charity than to love? 1623 Whether to love considered as an act of charity is the same as goodwill? 1624 Whether out of charity God ought to be loved for Himself? 1625 Whether God can be loved immediately in this life? 1626 Whether God can be loved wholly? [*Cf. Q , A ] 1627 Whether in loving God we ought to observe any mode? 1628 Whether it is more meritorious to love an enemy than to love a friend? 1629 Whether it is more meritorious to love one's neighbor than to love God? 1630 OF JOY (FOUR ARTICLES) 1631 Whether joy is effected in us by charity? 1632 Whether the spiritual joy, which results from charity, is compatible with an admixture of sorrow? 1633 Whether the spiritual joy which proceeds from charity, can be filled? 1634 Whether joy is a virtue? 1635 OF PEACE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1636 Whether peace is the same as concord? 1637 Whether all things desire peace? 1638 Whether peace is the proper effect of charity? 1639 Whether peace is a virtue? 1640 OF MERCY (FOUR ARTICLES) 1641 Whether evil is properly the motive of mercy? 1642 Whether the reason for taking pity is a defect in the person who pities? 1643 Whether mercy is a virtue? 1644 Whether mercy is the greatest of the virtues? 1645 OF BENEFICENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1646 Whether beneficence is an act of charity? 1647 Whether we ought to do good to all? 1648 Whether we ought to do good to those rather who are more closely united to us? 1649 Whether beneficence is a special virtue? 1650 OF ALMSDEEDS (TEN ARTICLES) 1651 Whether almsgiving is an act of charity? 1652 Whether the different kinds of almsdeeds are suitably enumerated? 1653 Whether corporal alms are of more account than spiritual alms? 1654 Whether corporal almsdeeds have a spiritual effect? 1655 Whether almsgiving is a matter of precept? 1656 Whether one ought to give alms out of what one needs? 1657 Whether one may give alms out of ill-gotten goods? 1658 Whether one who is under another's power can give alms? 1659 Whether one ought to give alms to those rather who are more closely united to us? 1660 Whether alms should be given in abundance? 1661 OF FRATERNAL CORRECTION (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1662 Whether fraternal correction is an act of charity? 1663 Whether fraternal correction is a matter of precept? 1664 Whether fraternal correction belongs only to prelates? 1665 Whether a mann is bound to correct his prelate? 1666 Whether a sinner ought to reprove a wrongdoer? 1667 Whether one ought to forbear from correcting someone, through fear lest he become worse? 1668 Whether the precept of fraternal correction demands that a private admonition should precede denunciation? 1669 Whether before the public denunciation witnesses ought to be brought forward? 1670 OF HATRED (SIX ARTICLES) 1671 Whether it is possible for anyone to hate God? 1672 Whether hatred of God is the greatest of sins? 1673 Whether hatred of one's neighbor is always a sin? 1674 Whether hatred of our neighbor is the most grievous sin against our neighbor? 1675 Whether hatred is a capital sin? 1676 Whether hatred arises from envy? 1677 OF SLOTH (FOUR ARTICLES) 1678 Whether sloth is a sin? 1679 Whether sloth is a special vice? 1680 Whether sloth is a mortal sin? 1681 Whether sloth should be accounted a capital vice? 1682 OF ENVY (FOUR ARTICLES) 1683 Whether envy is a kind of sorrow? 1684 Whether envy is a sin? 1685 Whether envy is a mortal sin? 1686 Whether envy is a capital vice? 1687 OF DISCORD, WHICH IS CONTRARY TO PEACE (TWO ARTICLES) 1688 Whether discord is a sin? 1689 Whether discord is a daughter of vainglory? 1690 OF CONTENTION (TWO ARTICLES) 1691 Whether contention is a mortal sin? 1692 Whether contention is a daughter of vainglory? 1693 OF SCHISM (FOUR ARTICLES) 1694 Whether schism is a special sin? 1695 Whether schism is a graver sin than unbelief? 1696 Whether schismatics have any power? 1697 Whether it is right that schismatics should be punished with excommunication? 1698 OF WAR (FOUR ARTICLES) 1699 Whether it is always sinful to wage war? 1700 Whether it is lawful for clerics and bishops to fight? 1701 Whether it is lawful to lay ambushes in war? 1702 Whether it is lawful to fight on holy days? 1703 OF STRIFE (TWO ARTICLES) [*Strife here denotes fighting between individuals] 1704 Whether strife is always a sin? 1705 Whether strife is a daughter of anger? 1706 OF SEDITION (TWO ARTICLES) 1707 Whether sedition is a special sin distinct from other sins? 1708 Whether sedition is always a mortal sin? 1709 OF SCANDAL (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1710 Whether scandal is fittingly defined as being something less rightly said or done that occasions spiritual downfall? 1711 Whether scandal is a sin? 1712 Whether scandal is a special sin? 1713 Whether scandal is a mortal sin? 1714 Whether passive scandal may happen even to the perfect? 1715 Whether active scandal can be found in the perfect? 1716 Whether spiritual goods should be foregone on account of scandal? 1717 Whether temporal goods should be foregone on account of scandal? 1718 OF THE PRECEPTS OF CHARITY (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1719 Whether any precept should be given about charity? 1720 Whether there should have been given two precepts of charity? 1721 Whether two precepts of charity suffice? 1722 Whether it is fittingly commanded that man should love God with his whole heart? 1723 Whether to the words, |Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart,| it was fitting to add |and with thy whole soul, and with thy whole strength|? 1724 Whether it is possible in this life to fulfil this precept of the love of God? 1725 Whether the precept of love of our neighbor is fittingly expressed? 1726 Whether the order of charity is included in the precept? 1727 OF THE GIFT OF WISDOM (SIX ARTICLES) 1728 Whether wisdom should be reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Ghost? 1729 Whether wisdom is in the intellect as its subject? 1730 Whether wisdom is merely speculative, or practical also? 1731 Whether wisdom can be without grace, and with mortal sin? 1732 Whether wisdom is in all who have grace? 1733 Whether the seventh beatitude corresponds to the gift of wisdom? 1734 OF FOLLY WHICH IS OPPOSED TO WISDOM (THREE ARTICLES) 1735 Whether folly is contrary to wisdom? 1736 Whether folly is a sin? 1737 Whether folly is a daughter of lust? 1738 TREATISE ON THE CARDINAL VIRTUES (QQ -170)OF PRUDENCE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (SIXTEEN ARTICLES) 1739 Whether prudence is in the cognitive or in the appetitive faculty? 1740 Whether prudence belongs to the practical reason alone or also to the speculative reason? 1741 Whether prudence takes cognizance of singulars? 1742 Whether prudence is a virtue? 1743 Whether prudence is a special virtue? 1744 Whether prudence appoints the end to moral virtues? 1745 Whether it belongs to prudence to find the mean in moral virtues? 1746 Whether command is the chief act of prudence? 1747 Whether solicitude belongs to prudence? 1748 Whether solicitude belongs to prudence? 1749 Whether prudence about one's own good is specifically the same as that which extends to the common good? 1750 Whether prudence is in subjects, or only in their rulers? 1751 Whether prudence can be in sinners? 1752 Whether prudence is in all who have grace? 1753 Whether prudence is in us by nature? 1754 Whether prudence can be lost through forgetfulness? 1755 OF THE PARTS OF PRUDENCE (ONE ARTICLE) 1756 Whether three parts of prudence are fittingly assigned? 1757 OF EACH QUASI-INTEGRAL PART OF PRUDENCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1758 Whether memory is a part of prudence? 1759 Whether understanding* is a part of prudence? [*Otherwise intuition; Aristotle's word is {nous}] 1760 Whether docility should be accounted a part of prudence? 1761 Whether shrewdness is part of prudence? 1762 Whether reason should be reckoned a part of prudence? 1763 Whether foresight* should be accounted a part of prudence? [*|Providentia,| which may be translated either |providence| or |foresight.|] 1764 Whether circumspection can be a part of prudence? 1765 Whether caution should be reckoned a part of prudence? 1766 OF THE SUBJECTIVE PARTS OF PRUDENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1767 Whether a species of prudence is regnative? 1768 Whether political prudence is fittingly accounted a part of prudence? 1769 Whether a part of prudence should be reckoned to be domestic? 1770 Whether military prudence should be reckoned a part of prudence? 1771 OF THE VIRTUES WHICH ARE CONNECTED WITH PRUDENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1772 Whether {euboulia} (deliberating well) is a virtue? 1773 Whether {euboulia} (deliberating well) is a special virtue, distinct from prudence? 1774 Whether {synesis} (judging well according to common law) is a virtue? 1775 Whether {gnome} (judging well according to general law) is a special virtue? 1776 OF THE GIFT OF COUNSEL (FOUR ARTICLES) 1777 Whether counsel should be reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Ghost? 1778 Whether the gift of counsel corresponds to the virtue of prudence? 1779 Whether the gift of counsel remains in heaven? 1780 Whether the fifth beatitude, which is that of mercy, corresponds to the gift of counsel? 1781 OF IMPRUDENCE (SIX ARTICLES) 1782 Whether imprudence is a sin? 1783 Whether imprudence is a special sin? 1784 Whether precipitation is a sin included in imprudence? 1785 Whether thoughtlessness is a special sin included in prudence? 1786 Whether inconstancy is a vice contained under prudence? 1787 Whether the aforesaid vices arise from lust? 1788 OF NEGLIGENCE (THREE ARTICLES) 1789 Whether negligence is a special sin? 1790 Whether negligence is opposed to prudence? 1791 Whether negligence can be a mortal sin? 1792 OF VICES OPPOSED TO PRUDENCE BY WAY OF RESEMBLANCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1793 Whether prudence of the flesh is a sin? 1794 Whether prudence of the flesh is a mortal sin? 1795 Whether craftiness is a special sin? 1796 Whether guile is a sin pertaining to craftiness? 1797 Whether fraud pertains to craftiness? 1798 Whether it is lawful to be solicitous about temporal matters? 1799 Whether we should be solicitous about the future? 1800 Whether these vices arise from covetousness? 1801 OF THE PRECEPTS RELATING TO PRUDENCE (TWO ARTICLES) 1802 Whether the precepts of the decalogue should have included a precept of prudence? 1803 Whether the prohibitive precepts relating to the vices opposed to prudence are fittingly propounded in the Old Law? 1804 OF RIGHT (FOUR ARTICLES) 1805 Whether right is the object of justice? 1806 Whether right is fittingly divided into natural right and positive right? 1807 Whether the right of nations is the same as the natural right? 1808 Whether paternal right and right of dominion should be distinguished as special species? 1809 OF JUSTICE (TWELVE ARTICLES) 1810 Whether justice is fittingly defined as being the perpetual and constant will to render to each one his right? 1811 Whether justice is always towards one another? 1812 Whether justice is a virtue? 1813 Whether justice is in the will as its subject? 1814 Whether justice is a general virtue? 1815 Whether justice, as a general virtue, is essentially the same as all virtue? 1816 Whether there is a particular besides a general justice? 1817 Whether particular justice has a special matter? 1818 Whether justice is about the passions? 1819 Whether the mean of justice is the real mean? 1820 Whether the act of justice is to render to each one his own? 1821 Whether justice stands foremost among all moral virtues? 1822 OF INJUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1823 Whether injustice is a special virtue? 1824 Whether a man is called unjust through doing an unjust thing? 1825 Whether we can suffer injustice willingly? 1826 Whether whoever does an injustice sins mortally? 1827 OF JUDGMENT (SIX ARTICLES) 1828 Whether judgment is an act of justice? 1829 Whether it is lawful to judge? 1830 Whether it is unlawful to form a judgment from suspicions? 1831 Whether doubts should be interpreted for the best? 1832 Whether we should always judge according to the written law? 1833 Whether judgment is rendered perverse by being usurped? 1834 OF THE PARTS OF JUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1835 Whether two species of justice are suitably assigned, viz. commutative and distributive? 1836 Whether the mean is to be observed in the same way in distributive as in commutative justice? 1837 Whether there is a different matter for both kinds of justice? 1838 Whether the just is absolutely the same as retaliation? 1839 OF RESTITUTION (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1840 Whether restitution is an act of commutative justice? 1841 Whether restitution of what has been taken away is necessary for salvation? 1842 Whether it suffices to restore the exact amount taken? 1843 Whether a man is bound to restore what he has not taken? 1844 Whether restitution must always be made to the person from whom a thing has been taken? 1845 Whether he that has taken a thing is always bound to restitution? 1846 Whether restitution is binding on those who have not taken? 1847 Whether a man is bound to immediate restitution, or may he put it off? 1848 VICES OPPOSED TO DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE (Q ) 1849 Whether respect of persons is a sin? 1850 Whether respect of persons takes place in the dispensation of spiritual goods? 1851 Whether respect of persons takes place in showing honor and respect? 1852 Whether the sin of respect of persons takes place in judicial sentences? 1853 OF MURDER (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1854 Whether it is unlawful to kill any living thing? 1855 Whether it is lawful to kill sinners? 1856 Whether it is lawful for a private individual to kill a man who has sinned? 1857 Whether it is lawful for clerics to kill evil-doers? 1858 Whether it is lawful to kill oneself? 1859 Whether it is lawful to kill the innocent? 1860 Whether it is lawful to kill a man in self-defense? 1861 OF OTHER INJURIES COMMITTED ON THE PERSON (FOUR ARTICLES) 1862 Whether in some cases it may be lawful to maim anyone? 1863 Whether it is lawful for parents to strike their children, or masters their slaves? 1864 Whether it is lawful to imprison a man? 1865 Whether the sin is aggravated by the fact that the aforesaid injuries are perpetrated on those who are connected with others? 1866 OF THEFT AND ROBBERY (NINE ARTICLES) 1867 Whether it is natural for man to possess external things? 1868 Whether it is lawful for a man to possess a thing as his own? 1869 Whether the essence of theft consists in taking another's thing secretly? 1870 Whether theft and robbery are sins of different species? 1871 Whether theft is always a sin? 1872 Whether it is lawful to steal through stress of need? 1873 Whether robbery may be committed without sin? 1874 Whether theft is a more grievous sin than robbery? 1875 OF THE INJUSTICE OF A JUDGE, IN JUDGING (FOUR ARTICLES) 1876 Whether a man can justly judge one who is not subject to his jurisdiction? 1877 Whether it is lawful for a judge to pronounce judgment against the truth that he knows, on account of evidence to the contrary? 1878 Whether a judge may condemn a man who is not accused? 1879 Whether the judge can lawfully remit the punishment? 1880 OF MATTERS CONCERNING UNJUST ACCUSATION (FOUR ARTICLES) 1881 Whether a man is bound to accuse? 1882 Whether it is necessary for the accusation to be made in writing? 1883 Whether an accusation is rendered unjust by calumny, collusion or evasion? 1884 Whether an accuser who fails to prove his indictment is bound to the punishment of retaliation? 1885 OF SINS COMMITTED AGAINST JUSTICE ON THE PART OF THE DEFENDANT (FOUR ARTICLES) 1886 Whether one can, without a mortal sin, deny the truth which would lead to one's condemnation? 1887 Whether it is lawful for the accused to defend himself with calumnies? 1888 Whether it is lawful for the accused to escape judgment by appealing? 1889 Whether a man who is condemned to death may lawfully defend himself if he can? 1890 OF INJUSTICE WITH REGARD TO THE PERSON OF THE WITNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) 1891 Whether a man is bound to give evidence? 1892 Whether the evidence of two or three persons suffices? 1893 Whether a man's evidence can be rejected without any fault of his? 1894 Whether it is always a mortal sin to give false evidence? 1895 OF INJUSTICE IN JUDGMENT ON THE PART OF COUNSEL (FOUR ARTICLES) 1896 Whether an advocate is bound to defend the suits of the poor? 1897 Whether it is fitting that the law should debar certain persons from the office of advocate? 1898 Whether an advocate sins by defending an unjust cause? 1899 Whether it is lawful for an advocate to take a fee for pleading? 1900 OF REVILING (FOUR ARTICLES) 1901 Whether reviling consists in words? 1902 Whether reviling or railing is a mortal sin? 1903 Whether one ought to suffer oneself to be reviled? 1904 Whether reviling arises from anger? 1905 OF BACKBITING [*Or detraction] (FOUR ARTICLES) 1906 Whether backbiting is suitably defined as the blackening of another's character by secret words? 1907 Whether backbiting is a mortal sin? 1908 Whether backbiting is the gravest of all sins committed against one's neighbor? 1909 Whether it is a grave sin for the listener to suffer the backbiter? 1910 OF TALE-BEARING [*'Susurratio,' i.e. whispering] (TWO ARTICLES) 1911 Whether tale-bearing is a sin distinct from backbiting? 1912 Whether backbiting is a graver sin than tale-bearing? 1913 OF DERISION [*Or mockery] (TWO ARTICLES) 1914 Whether derision is a special sin distinct from those already mentioned? 1915 Whether derision can be a mortal sin? 1916 OF CURSING (FOUR ARTICLES) 1917 Whether it is lawful to curse anyone? 1918 Whether it is lawful to curse an irrational creature? 1919 Whether cursing is a mortal sin? 1920 Whether cursing is a graver sin than backbiting? 1921 (D) BY SINS COMMITTED IN BUYING AND SELLING (Q ) 1922 Whether it is lawful to sell a thing for more than its worth? 1923 Whether a sale is rendered unlawful through a fault in the thing sold? 1924 Whether the seller is bound to state the defects of the thing sold? 1925 Whether, in trading, it is lawful to sell a thing at a higher price than what was paid for it? 1926 (E) BY SINS COMMITTED IN LOANS (Q ) 1927 Whether it is a sin to take usury for money lent? 1928 Whether it is lawful to ask for any other kind of consideration for money lent? 1929 Whether a man is bound to restore whatever profits he has made out of money gotten by usury? 1930 Whether it is lawful to borrow money under a condition of usury? 1931 OF THE QUASI-INTEGRAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1932 Whether to decline from evil and to do good are parts of justice? 1933 Whether transgression is a special sin? 1934 Whether omission is a special sin? 1935 Whether a sin of omission is more grievous than a sin of transgression? 1936 OF THE POTENTIAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (ONE ARTICLE) 1937 Whether the virtues annexed to justice are suitably enumerated? 1938 OF RELIGION (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1939 Whether religion directs man to God alone? 1940 Whether religion is a virtue? 1941 Whether religion is one virtue? 1942 Whether religion is a special virtue, distinct from the others? 1943 Whether religion is a theological virtue? 1944 Whether religion should be preferred to the other moral virtues? 1945 Whether religion has an external act? 1946 Whether religion is the same as sanctity? 1947 OF DEVOTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 1948 Whether devotion is a special act? 1949 Whether devotion is an act of religion? 1950 Whether contemplation or meditation is the cause of devotion? 1951 Whether joy is an effect of devotion? 1952 OF PRAYER (SEVENTEEN ARTICLES) 1953 Whether prayer is an act of the appetitive power? 1954 Whether it is becoming to pray? 1955 Whether prayer is an act of religion? 1956 Whether we ought to pray to God alone? 1957 Whether we ought to ask for something definite when we pray? 1958 Whether man ought to ask God for temporal things when he prays? 1959 Whether we ought to pray for others? 1960 Whether we ought to pray for our enemies? 1961 Whether the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer are fittingly assigned? 1962 Whether prayer is proper to the rational creature? 1963 Whether the saints in heaven pray for us? 1964 Whether prayer should be vocal? 1965 Whether attention is a necessary condition of prayer? 1966 Whether prayer should last a long time? 1967 Whether prayer is meritorious? 1968 Whether sinners impetrate anything from God by their prayers? 1969 Whether the parts of prayer are fittingly described as supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings? 1970 OF ADORATION (THREE ARTICLES) 1971 Whether adoration is an act of latria or religion? 1972 Whether adoration denotes an action of the body? 1973 Whether adoration requires a definite place? 1974 OF SACRIFICE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1975 Whether offering a sacrifice to God is of the law of nature? 1976 Whether sacrifice should be offered to God alone? 1977 Whether the offering of sacrifice is a special act of virtue? 1978 Whether all are bound to offer sacrifices? 1979 OF OBLATIONS AND FIRST-FRUITS (FOUR ARTICLES) 1980 Whether men are under a necessity of precept to make oblations? 1981 Whether oblations are due to priests alone? 1982 Whether a man may make oblations of whatever he lawfully possesses? 1983 Whether men are bound to pay first-fruits? 1984 OF TITHES (FOUR ARTICLES) 1985 Whether men are bound to pay tithes under a necessity of precept? 1986 Whether men are bound to pay tithes of all things? 1987 Whether tithes should be paid to the clergy? 1988 Whether the clergy also are bound to pay tithes? 1989 SERVICE BY PROMISE (Q ) 1990 Whether a vow consists in a mere purpose of the will? 1991 Whether a vow should always be about a better good? 1992 Whether all vows are binding? 1993 Whether it is expedient to take vows? 1994 Whether a vow is an act of latria or religion? 1995 Whether it is more praiseworthy and meritorious to do something in fulfilment of a vow, than without a vow? 1996 Whether a vow is solemnized by the reception of holy orders, and by the profession of a certain rule? 1997 Whether those who are subject to another's power are hindered from taking vows? 1998 Whether children can bind themselves by vow to enter religion? 1999 Whether vows admit of dispensation? 2000 Whether it is possible to be dispensed from a solemn vow of continency? 2001 Whether the authority of a prelate is required for commutation or the dispensation of a vow? 2002 OF OATHS (TEN ARTICLES) 2003 Whether to swear is to call God to witness? 2004 Whether it is lawful to swear? 2005 Whether three accompanying conditions of an oath are suitably assigned, namely, justice, judgment, and truth? 2006 Whether an oath is an act of religion or latria? 2007 Whether oaths are desirable and to be used frequently as something useful and good? 2008 Whether it is lawful to swear by creatures? 2009 Whether an oath has a binding force? 2010 Whether an oath is more binding than a vow? 2011 Whether anyone can dispense from an oath? 2012 Whether an oath is voided by a condition of person or time? 2013 OF THE TAKING OF GOD'S NAME BY WAY OF ADJURATION (THREE ARTICLES) 2014 Whether it is lawful to adjure a man? 2015 Whether it is lawful to adjure the demons? 2016 Whether it is lawful to adjure an irrational creature? 2017 OF TAKING THE DIVINE NAME FOR THE PURPOSE OF INVOKING IT BY MEANS OF PRAISE (TWO ARTICLES) 2018 Whether God should be praised with the lips? 2019 Whether God should be praised with song? 2020 OF SUPERSTITION (TWO ARTICLES) 2021 Whether superstition is a vice contrary to religion? 2022 Whether there are various species of superstition? 2023 OF SUPERSTITION CONSISTING IN UNDUE WORSHIP OF THE TRUE GOD (TWO ARTICLES) 2024 Whether there can be anything pernicious in the worship of the true God? 2025 Whether there can be any excess in the worship of God? 2026 OF IDOLATRY (FOUR ARTICLES) 2027 Whether idolatry is rightly reckoned a species of superstition? 2028 Whether idolatry is a sin? 2029 Whether idolatry is the gravest of sins? 2030 Whether the cause of idolatry was on the part of man? 2031 OF SUPERSTITION IN DIVINATIONS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2032 Whether divination is a sin? 2033 Whether divination is a species of superstition? 2034 Whether we ought to distinguish several species of divination? 2035 Whether divination practiced by invoking the demons is unlawful? 2036 Whether divination by the stars is unlawful? 2037 Whether divination by dreams is unlawful? 2038 Whether divination by auguries, omens, and by like observations of external things is unlawful? 2039 Whether divination by drawing lots is unlawful? 2040 OF SUPERSTITION IN OBSERVANCES (FOUR ARTICLES) 2041 Whether it be unlawful to practice the observances of the magic art? 2042 Whether observances directed to the alteration of bodies, as for the purpose of acquiring health or the like, are unlawful? 2043 Whether observances directed to the purpose of fortune-telling are unlawful? 2044 Whether it is unlawful to wear divine words at the neck? 2045 OF THE TEMPTATION OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 2046 Whether the temptation of God consists in certain deeds, wherein the expected result is ascribed to the power of God alone? 2047 Whether it is a sin to tempt God? 2048 Whether temptation of God is opposed to the virtue of religion? 2049 Whether the temptation of God is a graver sin than superstition? 2050 OF PERJURY (FOUR ARTICLES) 2051 Whether it is necessary for perjury that the statement confirmed on oath be false? 2052 Whether all perjury is sinful? 2053 Whether all perjury is a mortal sin? 2054 Whether he sins who demands an oath of a perjurer? 2055 OF SACRILEGE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2056 Whether sacrilege is the violation of a sacred thing? 2057 Whether sacrilege is a special sin? 2058 Whether the species of sacrilege are distinguished according to the sacred things? 2059 Whether the punishment of sacrilege should be pecuniary? 2060 ON SIMONY (SIX ARTICLES) 2061 Whether simony is an intentional will to buy or sell something spiritual or connected with a spiritual thing? 2062 Whether it is always unlawful to give money for the sacraments? 2063 Whether it is lawful to give and receive money for spiritual actions? 2064 Whether it is lawful to receive money for things annexed to spiritual things? 2065 Whether it is lawful to grant spiritual things in return for an equivalent of service, or for an oral remuneration? 2066 Whether those who are guilty of simony are fittingly punished by being deprived of what they have acquired by simony? 2067 OF PIETY (FOUR ARTICLES) 2068 Whether piety extends to particular human individuals? 2069 Whether piety provides support for our parents? 2070 Whether piety is a special virtue distinct from other virtues? 2071 Whether the duties of piety towards one's parents should be omitted for the sake of religion? 2072 OF OBSERVANCE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF, AND OF ITS PARTS (THREE ARTICLES) 2073 Whether observance is a special virtue, distinct from other virtues? 2074 Whether it belongs to observance to pay worship and honor to those who are in positions of dignity? 2075 Whether observance is a greater virtue than piety? 2076 OF DULIA (FOUR ARTICLES) 2077 Whether honor denotes something corporal? 2078 Whether honor is properly due to those who are above us? 2079 Whether dulia is a special virtue distinct from latria? 2080 Whether dulia has various species? 2081 OF OBEDIENCE (SIX ARTICLES) 2082 Whether one man is bound to obey another? 2083 Whether obedience is a special virtue? 2084 Whether obedience is the greatest of the virtues? 2085 Whether God ought to be obeyed in all things? 2086 Whether subjects are bound to obey their superiors in all things? 2087 Whether Christians are bound to obey the secular powers? 2088 OF DISOBEDIENCE (TWO ARTICLES) 2089 Whether disobedience is a mortal sin? 2090 Whether disobedience is the most grievous of sins? 2091 OF THANKFULNESS OR GRATITUDE (SIX ARTICLES) 2092 Whether thankfulness is a special virtue, distinct from other virtues? 2093 Whether the innocent is more bound to give thanks to God than the penitent? 2094 Whether a man is bound to give thanks to every benefactor? 2095 Whether a man is bound to repay a favor at once? 2096 Whether in giving thanks we should look at the benefactor's disposition or at the deed? 2097 Whether the repayment of gratitude should surpass the favor received? 2098 OF INGRATITUDE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2099 Whether ingratitude is always a sin? 2100 Whether ingratitude is a special sin? 2101 Whether ingratitude is always a mortal sin? 2102 Whether favors should be withheld from the ungrateful? 2103 OF VENGEANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2104 Whether vengeance is lawful? 2105 Whether vengeance is a special virtue? 2106 Whether vengeance should be wrought by means of punishments customary among men? 2107 Whether vengeance should be taken on those who have sinned involuntarily? 2108 OF TRUTH (FOUR ARTICLES) 2109 Whether truth is a virtue? 2110 Whether truth is a special virtue? 2111 Whether truth is a part of justice? 2112 Whether the virtue of truth inclines rather to that which is less? 2113 OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO TRUTH, AND FIRST OF LYING (FOUR ARTICLES) 2114 Whether lying is always opposed to truth? 2115 Whether lies are sufficiently divided into officious, jocose, and mischievous lies? 2116 Whether every lie is a sin? 2117 Whether every lie is a mortal sin? 2118 OF DISSIMULATION AND HYPOCRISY (FOUR ARTICLES) 2119 Whether all dissimulation is a sin? 2120 Whether hypocrisy is the same as dissimulation? 2121 Whether hypocrisy is contrary to the virtue of truth? 2122 Whether hypocrisy is always a mortal sin? 2123 OF BOASTING (TWO ARTICLES) 2124 Whether boasting is opposed to the virtue of truth? 2125 Whether boasting is a mortal sin? 2126 IRONY* (TWO ARTICLES) [*Irony here must be given the signification of the Greek {eironia}, whence it is derived: dissimulation of one's own good points.] 2127 Whether irony is a sin? 2128 Whether irony is a less grievous sin than boasting? 2129 OF THE FRIENDLINESS WHICH IS CALLED AFFABILITY (TWO ARTICLES) 2130 Whether friendliness is a special virtue? 2131 Whether this kind of friendship is a part of justice? 2132 OF FLATTERY (TWO ARTICLES) 2133 Whether flattery is a sin? 2134 Whether flattery is a mortal sin? 2135 OF QUARRELING (TWO ARTICLES) 2136 Whether quarreling is opposed to the virtue of friendship or affability? 2137 Whether quarreling is a more grievous sin than flattery? 2138 OF LIBERALITY (SIX ARTICLES) 2139 Whether liberality is a virtue? 2140 Whether liberality is about money? 2141 Whether using money is the act of liberality? 2142 Whether it belongs to a liberal man chiefly to give? 2143 Whether liberality is a part of justice? 2144 Whether liberality is the greatest of the virtues? 2145 OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO LIBERALITY, AND IN THE FIRST PLACE, OF COVETOUSNESS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2146 Whether covetousness is a sin? 2147 Whether covetousness is a special sin? 2148 Whether covetousness is opposed to liberality? 2149 Whether covetousness is always a mortal sin? 2150 Whether covetousness is the greatest of sins? 2151 Whether covetousness is a spiritual sin? 2152 Whether covetousness is a capital vice? 2153 Whether treachery, fraud, falsehood, perjury, restlessness, violence, and insensibility to mercy are daughters of covetousness? 2154 OF PRODIGALITY (THREE ARTICLES) 2155 Whether prodigality is opposite to covetousness? 2156 Whether prodigality is a sin? 2157 Whether prodigality is a more grievous sin than covetousness? 2158 OF |EPIKEIA| OR EQUITY (TWO ARTICLES) 2159 Whether |epikeia| [*{epieikeia}] is a virtue? 2160 Whether |epikeia| is a part of justice? 2161 OF PIETY (TWO ARTICLES) 2162 Whether piety is a gift? 2163 Whether the second beatitude, |Blessed are the meek,| corresponds to the gift of piety? 2164 OF THE PRECEPTS OF JUSTICE (SIX ARTICLES) 2165 Whether the precepts of the decalogue are precepts of justice? 2166 Whether the first precept of the decalogue is fittingly expressed? 2167 Whether the second precept of the decalogue is fittingly expressed? 2168 Whether the third precept of the decalogue, concerning the hallowing of the Sabbath, is fittingly expressed? 2169 Whether the fourth precept, about honoring one's parents, is fittingly expressed? 2170 Whether the other six precepts of the decalogue are fittingly expressed? 2171 TREATISE ON FORTITUDE AND TEMPERANCE (QQ -170) cOF FORTITUDE (TWELVE ARTICLES) 2172 Whether fortitude is a virtue? 2173 Whether fortitude is a special virtue? 2174 Whether fortitude is about fear and dying? 2175 Whether fortitude is only about dangers of death? 2176 Whether fortitude is properly about dangers of death in battle? 2177 Whether endurance is the chief act of fortitude? 2178 Whether the brave man acts for the sake of the good of his habit? 2179 Whether the brave man delights in his act? 2180 Whether fortitude deals chiefly with sudden occurrences? 2181 Whether the brave man makes use of anger in his action? 2182 Whether fortitude excels among all other virtues? 2183 OF MARTYRDOM (FIVE ARTICLES) 2184 Whether martyrdom is an act of virtue? 2185 Whether martyrdom is an act of fortitude? 2186 Whether martyrdom is an act of the greatest perfection? 2187 Whether death is essential to martyrdom? 2188 Whether faith alone is the cause of martyrdom? 2189 <span class=|homeheading|>OF FEAR* (FOUR ARTICLES) [*St. Thomas calls this vice indifferently 'fear' or 'timidity.' The translation requires one to adhere to these terms on account of the connection with the passion of fear. Otherwise 'cowardice' would be 2190 Whether fear is a sin? 2191 Whether the sin of fear is contrary to fortitude? 2192 Whether fear is a mortal sin? 2193 Whether fear excuses from sin? 2194 OF FEARLESSNESS (TWO ARTICLES) 2195 Whether fearlessness is a sin? 2196 Whether fearlessness is opposed to fortitude? 2197 OF DARING [*Excessive daring or foolhardiness] (TWO ARTICLES) 2198 Whether daring is a sin? 2199 Whether daring is opposed to fortitude? 2200 OF THE PARTS OF FORTITUDE (ONE ARTICLE) 2201 Whether the parts of fortitude are suitably assigned? 2202 OF MAGNANIMITY* (EIGHT ARTICLES) [*Not in the ordinary restricted sense but as explained by the author] 2203 Whether magnanimity is about honors? 2204 Whether magnanimity is essentially about great honors? 2205 Whether magnanimity is a virtue? 2206 Whether magnanimity is a special virtue? 2207 Whether magnanimity is a part of fortitude? 2208 Whether confidence belongs to magnanimity? 2209 Whether security belongs to magnanimity? 2210 Whether goods of fortune conduce to magnanimity? 2211 OF PRESUMPTION (TWO ARTICLES) 2212 Whether presumption is a sin? 2213 Whether presumption is opposed to magnanimity by excess? 2214 OF AMBITION (TWO ARTICLES) 2215 Whether ambition is a sin? 2216 Whether ambition is opposed to magnanimity by excess? 2217 OF VAINGLORY (FIVE ARTICLES) 2218 Whether the desire of glory is a sin? 2219 Whether vainglory is opposed to magnanimity? 2220 Whether vainglory is a mortal sin? 2221 Whether vainglory is a capital vice? 2222 Whether the daughters of vainglory are suitably reckoned to be disobedience, boastfulness, hypocrisy, contention, obstinacy, discord, and love of novelties? 2223 OF PUSILLANIMITY (TWO ARTICLES) 2224 Whether pusillanimity is a sin? 2225 Whether pusillanimity is opposed to magnanimity? 2226 OF MAGNIFICENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2227 Whether magnificence is a virtue? 2228 Whether magnificence is a special virtue? 2229 Whether the matter of magnificence is great expenditure? 2230 Whether magnificence is a part of fortitude? 2231 OF MEANNESS* (TWO ARTICLES) [*|Parvificentia,| or doing mean things, just as |magnificentia| is doing great things.] 2232 Whether meanness is a vice? 2233 Whether there is a vice opposed to meanness? 2234 OF PATIENCE (FIVE ARTICLES) 2235 Whether patience is a virtue? 2236 Whether patience is the greatest of the virtues? 2237 Whether it is possible to have patience without grace? 2238 Whether patience is a part of fortitude? 2239 Whether patience is the same as longanimity? [*Longsuffering. It is necessary to preserve the Latin word, on account of the comparison with magnanimity.] 2240 OF PERSEVERANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2241 Whether perseverance is a virtue? 2242 Whether perseverance is a part of fortitude? 2243 Whether constancy pertains to perseverance? 2244 Whether perseverance needs the help of grace? [*Cf. FS, Q , A ] 2245 OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO PERSEVERANCE (TWO ARTICLES) 2246 Whether effeminacy* is opposed to perseverance? [*Mollities, literally 'softness'] 2247 Whether pertinacity is opposed to perseverance? 2248 OF THE GIFT OF FORTITUDE (TWO ARTICLES) 2249 Whether fortitude is a gift? 2250 Whether the fourth beatitude: |Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after justice,| corresponds to the gift of fortitude? 2251 OF THE PRECEPTS OF FORTITUDE (TWO ARTICLES) 2252 Whether the precepts of fortitude are suitably given in the Divine Law? 2253 Whether the precepts of the parts of fortitude are suitably given in the Divine Law? 2254 OF TEMPERANCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2255 Whether temperance is a virtue? 2256 Whether temperance is a special virtue? 2257 Whether temperance is only about desires and pleasures? 2258 Whether temperance is only about desires and pleasures of touch? 2259 Whether temperance is about the pleasures proper to the taste? 2260 Whether the rule of temperance depends on the need of the present life? 2261 Whether temperance is a cardinal virtue? 2262 Whether temperance is the greatest of the virtues? 2263 OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO TEMPERANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2264 Whether insensibility is a vice? 2265 Whether intemperance is a childish sin? 2266 Whether cowardice* is a greater vice than intemperance? [*Cf. Q ] 2267 Whether intemperance is the most disgraceful of sins? 2268 OF THE PARTS OF TEMPERANCE, IN GENERAL (ONE ARTICLE) 2269 Whether the parts of temperance are rightly assigned? 2270 OF SHAMEFACEDNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) 2271 Whether shamefacedness is a virtue? 2272 Whether shamefacedness is about a disgraceful action? 2273 Whether man is more shamefaced of those who are more closely connected with him? 2274 Whether even virtuous men can be ashamed? 2275 OF HONESTY* (FOUR ARTICLES) [*Honesty must be taken here in its broad sense as synonymous with moral goodness, from the point of view of decorum.] 2276 Whether honesty is the same as virtue? 2277 Whether the honest is the same as the beautiful? 2278 Whether the honest differs from the useful and the pleasant? 2279 Whether honesty should be reckoned a part of temperance? 2280 OF ABSTINENCE (TWO ARTICLES) 2281 Whether abstinence is a virtue? 2282 Whether abstinence is a special virtue? 2283 OF FASTING (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2284 Whether fasting is an act of virtue? 2285 Whether fasting is an act of abstinence? 2286 Whether fasting is a matter of precept? 2287 Whether all are bound to keep the fasts of the Church? 2288 Whether the times for the Church fast are fittingly ascribed? 2289 Whether it is requisite for fasting that one eat but once? 2290 Whether the ninth hour is suitably fixed for the faster's meal? 2291 Whether it is fitting that those who fast should be bidden to abstain from flesh meat, eggs, and milk foods? 2292 OF GLUTTONY (SIX ARTICLES) 2293 Whether gluttony is a sin? 2294 Whether gluttony is a mortal sin? 2295 Whether gluttony is the greatest of sins? 2296 Whether the species of gluttony are fittingly distinguished? 2297 Whether gluttony is a capital vice? 2298 Whether six daughters are fittingly assigned to gluttony? 2299 OF SOBRIETY (FOUR ARTICLES) 2300 Whether drink is the matter of sobriety? 2301 Whether sobriety is by itself a special virtue? 2302 Whether the use of wine is altogether unlawful? 2303 Whether sobriety is more requisite in persons of greater standing? 2304 OF DRUNKENNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) 2305 Whether drunkenness is a sin? 2306 Whether drunkenness is a mortal sin? 2307 Whether drunkenness is the gravest of sins? 2308 Whether drunkenness excuses from sin? 2309 OF CHASTITY (FOUR ARTICLES) 2310 Whether chastity is a virtue? 2311 Whether chastity is a general virtue? 2312 Whether chastity is a distinct virtue from abstinence? 2313 Whether purity belongs especially to chastity? 2314 OF VIRGINITY (FIVE ARTICLES) 2315 Whether virginity consists in integrity of the flesh? 2316 Whether virginity is unlawful? 2317 Whether virginity is a virtue? 2318 Whether virginity is more excellent than marriage? 2319 Whether virginity is the greatest of virtues? 2320 OF LUST (FIVE ARTICLES) 2321 Whether the matter of lust is only venereal desires and pleasures? 2322 Whether no venereal act can be without sin? 2323 Whether the lust that is about venereal acts can be a sin? 2324 Whether lust is a capital vice? 2325 Whether the daughters of lust are fittingly described? 2326 OF THE PARTS OF LUST (TWELVE ARTICLES) 2327 Whether six species are fittingly assigned to lust? 2328 Whether simple fornication is a mortal sin? 2329 Whether fornication is the most grievous of sins? 2330 Whether there can be mortal sin in touches and kisses? 2331 Whether nocturnal pollution is a mortal sin? 2332 Whether seduction should be reckoned a species of lust? 2333 Whether rape is a species of lust, distinct from seduction? 2334 Whether adultery is determinate species of lust, distinct from the other species? 2335 Whether incest is a determinate species of lust? 2336 Whether sacrilege can be a species of lust? 2337 Whether the unnatural vice is a species of lust? 2338 Whether the unnatural vice is the greatest sin among the species of lust? 2339 OF CONTINENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2340 Whether continence is a virtue? 2341 Whether desires for pleasures of touch are the matter of continence? 2342 Whether the subject of continence is the concupiscible power? 2343 Whether continence is better than temperance? 2344 OF INCONTINENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2345 Whether incontinence pertains to the soul or to the body? 2346 Whether incontinence is a sin? 2347 Whether the incontinent man sins more gravely than the intemperate? 2348 Whether the incontinent in anger is worse than the incontinent in desire? 2349 OF CLEMENCY AND MEEKNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) 2350 Whether clemency and meekness are absolutely the same? 2351 Whether both clemency and meekness are virtues? 2352 Whether the aforesaid virtues are parts of temperance? 2353 Whether clemency and meekness are the greatest virtues? 2354 OF ANGER (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2355 Whether it is lawful to be angry? 2356 Whether anger is a sin? 2357 Whether all anger is a mortal sin? 2358 Whether anger is the most grievous sin? 2359 Whether the Philosopher suitably assigns the species of anger? 2360 Whether anger should be reckoned among the capital vices? 2361 Whether six daughters are fittingly assigned to anger? 2362 Whether there is a vice opposed to anger resulting from lack of anger? 2363 OF CRUELTY (TWO ARTICLES) 2364 Whether cruelty is opposed to clemency? 2365 Whether cruelty differs from savagery or brutality? 2366 OF MODESTY (TWO ARTICLES) 2367 Whether modesty is a part of temperance? 2368 Whether modesty is only about outward actions? 2369 OF HUMILITY (SIX ARTICLES) 2370 Whether humility is a virtue? 2371 Whether humility has to do with the appetite? 2372 Whether one ought, by humility, to subject oneself to all men? 2373 Whether humility is a part of modesty or temperance? 2374 Whether humility is the greatest of the virtues? 2375 Whether twelve degrees of humility are fittingly distinguished in the Rule of the Blessed Benedict? 2376 OF PRIDE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2377 Whether pride is a sin? 2378 Whether pride is a special sin? 2379 Whether the subject of pride is the irascible faculty? 2380 Whether the four species of pride are fittingly assigned by Gregory? 2381 Whether pride is a mortal sin? 2382 Whether pride is the most grievous of sins? 2383 Whether pride is the first sin of all? 2384 Whether pride should be reckoned a capital vice? 2385 OF THE FIRST MAN'S SIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 2386 Whether pride was the first man's first sin? 2387 Whether the first man's pride consisted in his coveting God's likeness? 2388 Whether the sin of our first parents was more grievous than other sins? 2389 Whether Adam's sin was more grievous than Eve's? 2390 OF THE PUNISHMENTS OF THE FIRST MAN'S SIN (TWO ARTICLES) 2391 Whether death is the punishment of our first parents' sin? 2392 Whether the particular punishments of our first parents are suitably appointed in Scripture? 2393 OF OUR FIRST PARENTS' TEMPTATION (TWO ARTICLES) 2394 Whether it was fitting for man to be tempted by the devil? 2395 Whether the manner and order of the first temptation was fitting? 2396 OF STUDIOUSNESS (TWO ARTICLES) 2397 Whether the proper matter of studiousness is knowledge? 2398 Whether studiousness is a part of temperance? 2399 OF CURIOSITY (TWO ARTICLES) 2400 Whether curiosity can be about intellective knowledge? 2401 Whether the vice of curiosity is about sensitive knowledge? 2402 OF MODESTY AS CONSISTING IN THE OUTWARD MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY (FOUR ARTICLES) 2403 Whether any virtue regards the outward movements of the body? 2404 Whether there can be a virtue about games? 2405 Whether there can be sin in the excess of play? 2406 Whether there is a sin in lack of mirth? 2407 OF MODESTY IN THE OUTWARD APPAREL (TWO ARTICLES) 2408 Whether there can be virtue and vice in connection with outward apparel? 2409 Whether the adornment of women is devoid of mortal sin? 2410 OF THE PRECEPTS OF TEMPERANCE (TWO ARTICLES) 2411 Whether the precepts of temperance are suitably given in the Divine law? 2412 Whether the precepts of the virtues annexed to temperance are suitably given in the Divine law? 2413 TREATISE ON GRATUITOUS GRACES (QQ -182)OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES) 2414 Whether prophecy pertains to knowledge? 2415 Whether prophecy is a habit? 2416 Whether prophecy is only about future contingencies? 2417 Whether by the Divine revelation a prophet knows all that can be known prophetically? 2418 Whether the prophet always distinguishes what he says by his own spirit from what he says by the prophetic spirit? 2419 Whether things known or declared prophetically can be false? 2420 OF THE CAUSE OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES) 2421 Whether prophecy can be natural? 2422 Whether prophetic revelation comes through the angels? 2423 Whether a natural disposition is requisite for prophecy? 2424 Whether a good life is requisite for prophecy? 2425 Whether any prophecy comes from the demons? 2426 Whether the prophets of the demons ever foretell the truth? 2427 OF THE MANNER IN WHICH PROPHETIC KNOWLEDGE IS CONVEYED (FOUR ARTICLES) 2428 Whether the prophets see the very essence of God? 2429 Whether, in prophetic revelation, new species of things are impressed on the prophet's mind, or merely a new light? 2430 Whether the prophetic vision is always accompanied by abstraction from the senses? 2431 Whether prophets always know the things which they prophesy? 2432 OF THE DIVISION OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES) 2433 Whether prophecy is fittingly divided into the prophecy of divine predestination, of foreknowledge, and of denunciation? 2434 Whether the prophecy which is accompanied by intellective and imaginative vision is more excellent than that which is accompanied by intellective vision alone? 2435 Whether the degrees of prophecy can be distinguished according to the imaginary vision? 2436 Whether Moses was the greatest of the prophets? 2437 Whether there is a degree of prophecy in the blessed? 2438 Whether the degrees of prophecy change as time goes on? 2439 OF RAPTURE (SIX ARTICLES) 2440 Whether the soul of man is carried away to things divine? 2441 Whether rapture pertains to the cognitive rather than to the appetitive power? 2442 Whether Paul, when in rapture, saw the essence of God? 2443 Whether Paul, when in rapture, was withdrawn from his senses? 2444 Whether, while in this state, Paul's soul was wholly separated from his body? 2445 Did Paul know whether his soul were separated from his body? 2446 OF THE GRACE OF TONGUES (TWO ARTICLES) 2447 Whether those who received the gift of tongues spoke in every language? 2448 Whether the gift of tongues is more excellent than the grace of prophecy? 2449 OF THE GRATUITOUS GRACE CONSISTING IN WORDS (TWO ARTICLES) 2450 Whether any gratuitous grace attaches to words? 2451 Whether the grace of the word of wisdom and knowledge is becoming to women? 2452 OF THE GRACE OF MIRACLES (TWO ARTICLES) 2453 Whether there is a gratuitous grace of working miracles? 2454 Whether the wicked can work miracles? 2455 OF THE DIVISION OF LIFE INTO ACTIVE AND CONTEMPLATIVE (TWO ARTICLES) 2456 Whether life is fittingly divided into active and contemplative? 2457 Whether life is adequately divided into active and contemplative? 2458 OF THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2459 Whether the contemplative life has nothing to do with the affections, and pertains wholly to the intellect? 2460 Whether the moral virtues pertain to the contemplative life? 2461 Whether there are various actions pertaining to the contemplative life? 2462 Whether the contemplative life consists in the mere contemplation of God, or also in the consideration of any truth whatever? 2463 Whether in the present state of life the contemplative life can reach to the vision of the Divine essence? 2464 Whether the operation of contemplation is fittingly divided into a threefold movement, circular, straight and oblique? 2465 Whether there is delight in contemplation? 2466 Whether the contemplative life is continuous? 2467 OF THE ACTIVE LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2468 Whether all the actions of the moral virtues pertain to the active life? 2469 Whether prudence pertains to the active life? 2470 Whether teaching is a work of the active or of the contemplative life? 2471 Whether the active life remains after this life? 2472 OF THE ACTIVE LIFE IN COMPARISON WITH THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2473 Whether the active life is more excellent than the contemplative? 2474 Whether the active life is of greater merit than the contemplative? 2475 Whether the contemplative life is hindered by the active life? 2476 Whether the active life precedes the contemplative? 2477 TREATISE ON THE STATES OF LIFE (QQ -189)OF MAN'S VARIOUS DUTIES AND STATES IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) 2478 Whether the notion of a state denotes a condition of freedom or servitude? 2479 Whether there should be different duties or states in the Church? 2480 Whether duties differ according to their actions? 2481 Whether the difference of states applies to those who are beginning, progressing, or perfect? 2482 OF THE STATE OF PERFECTION IN GENERAL (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2483 Whether the perfection of the Christian life consists chiefly in charity? 2484 Whether any one can be perfect in this life? 2485 Whether, in this life, perfection consists in the observance of the commandments or of the counsels? 2486 Whether whoever is perfect is in the state of perfection? 2487 Whether religious and prelates are in the state of perfection? 2488 Whether all ecclesiastical prelates are in the state of perfection? 2489 Whether the religious state is more perfect than that of prelates? 2490 Whether parish priests and archdeacons are more perfect than religious? 2491 OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE EPISCOPAL STATE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2492 Whether it is lawful to desire the office of a bishop? 2493 Whether it is lawful for a man to refuse absolutely an appointment to the episcopate? 2494 Whether he that is appointed to the episcopate ought to be better than others? 2495 Whether a bishop may lawfully forsake the episcopal cure, in order to enter religion? 2496 Whether it is lawful for a bishop on account of bodily persecution to abandon the flock committed to his care? 2497 Whether it is lawful for a bishop to have property of his own? 2498 Whether bishops sin mortally if they distribute not to the poor the ecclesiastical goods which accrue to them? 2499 Whether religious who are raised to the episcopate are bound to religious observances? 2500 OF THOSE THINGS IN WHICH THE RELIGIOUS STATE PROPERLY CONSISTS (TEN ARTICLES) 2501 Whether religion implies a state of perfection? 2502 Whether every religious is bound to keep all the counsels? 2503 Whether poverty is required for religious perfection? 2504 Whether perpetual continence is required for religious perfection? 2505 Whether obedience belongs to religious perfection? 2506 Whether it is requisite for religious perfection that poverty, continence, and obedience should come under a vow? 2507 Whether it is right to say that religious perfection consists in these three vows? 2508 Whether the vow of obedience is the chief of the three religious vows? 2509 Whether a religious sins mortally whenever he transgresses the things contained in his rule? 2510 Whether a religious sins more grievously than a secular by the same kind of sin? 2511 OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE COMPETENT TO RELIGIOUS (SIX ARTICLES) 2512 Whether it is lawful for religious to teach, preach, and the like? 2513 Whether it is lawful for religious to occupy themselves with secular business? 2514 Whether religious are bound to manual labor? 2515 Whether it is lawful for religious to live on alms? 2516 Whether it is lawful for religious to beg? 2517 Whether it is lawful for religious to wear coarser clothes than others? 2518 OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF RELIGIOUS LIFE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2519 Whether there is only one religious order? 2520 Whether a religious order should be established for the works of the active life? 2521 Whether a religious order can be directed to soldiering? 2522 Whether a religious order can be established for preaching or hearing confessions? 2523 Whether a religious order should be established for the purpose of study? 2524 Whether a religious order that is devoted to the contemplative life is more excellent than on that is given to the active life? 2525 Whether religious perfection is diminished by possessing something in common? 2526 Whether the religious life of those who live in community is more perfect than that of those who lead a solitary life? 2527 OF THE ENTRANCE INTO RELIGIOUS LIFE (TEN ARTICLES) 2528 Whether those who are not practiced in keeping the commandments should enter religion? 2529 Whether one ought to be bound by vow to enter religion? 2530 Whether one who is bound by a vow to enter religion is under an obligation of entering religion? 2531 Whether he who has vowed to enter religion is bound to remain in religion in perpetuity? 2532 Whether children should be received in religion? 2533 Whether one ought to be withdrawn from entering religion through deference to one's parents? 2534 Whether parish priests may lawfully enter religion? 2535 Whether it is lawful to pass from one religious order to another? 2536 Whether one ought to induce others to enter religion? 2537 Whether it is praiseworthy to enter religion without taking counsel of many, and previously deliberating for a long time? 2538 THIRD PART (TP) OF THE SUMMA THEOLOGICA (QQ -90) cPROLOGUE 2539 TREATISE ON THE INCARNATION (QQ -59)OF THE FITNESS OF THE INCARNATION (SIX ARTICLES) 2540 Whether it was fitting that God should become incarnate? 2541 Whether it was necessary for the restoration of the human race that the Word of God should become incarnate? 2542 Whether, if man had not sinned, God would have become incarnate? 2543 Whether God became incarnate in order to take away actual sin, rather than to take away original sin? 2544 Whether it was fitting that God should become incarnate in the beginning of the human race? 2545 Whether the Incarnation ought to have been put off till the end of the world? 2546 OF THE MODE OF UNION OF THE WORD INCARNATE (TWELVE ARTICLES) 2547 Whether the Union of the Incarnate Word took place in the nature? 2548 Whether the union of the Incarnate Word took place in the Person? 2549 Whether the union of the Word Incarnate took place in the suppositum or hypostasis? 2550 Whether after the Incarnation the Person or Hypostasis of Christ is composite? 2551 Whether in Christ there is any union of soul and body? 2552 Whether the human nature was united to the Word of God accidentally? 2553 Whether the union of the Divine nature and the human is anything created? 2554 Whether union is the same as assumption? 2555 Whether the union of the two natures in Christ is the greatest of all unions? 2556 Whether the union of the Incarnation took place by grace? 2557 Whether any merits preceded the union of the Incarnation? 2558 Whether the grace of union was natural to the man Christ? 2559 OF THE MODE OF UNION ON THE PART OF THE PERSON ASSUMING (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2560 Whether it is befitting for a Divine Person to assume? 2561 Whether it is befitting to the Divine Nature to assume? 2562 Whether the Nature abstracted from the Personality can assume? 2563 Whether one Person without another can assume a created nature? 2564 Whether each of the Divine Persons could have assumed human nature? 2565 Whether several Divine Persons can assume one and the same individual nature? 2566 Whether one Divine Person can assume two human natures? 2567 Whether it was more fitting that the Person of the Son rather than any other Divine Person should assume human nature? 2568 OF THE MODE OF UNION ON THE PART OF THE HUMAN NATURE (SIX ARTICLES) 2569 Whether human nature was more assumable by the Son of God than any other nature? 2570 Whether the Son of God assumed a person? 2571 Whether the Divine Person assumed a man? 2572 Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed human nature abstracted from all individuals? 2573 Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed human nature in all individuals? 2574 Whether it was fitting for the Son of God to assume human nature of the stock of Adam? 2575 OF THE PARTS OF HUMAN NATURE WHICH WERE ASSUMED (FOUR ARTICLES) 2576 Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed a true body? 2577 Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed a carnal or earthly body? 2578 Whether the Son of God assumed a soul? 2579 Whether the Son of God assumed a human mind or intellect? 2580 OF THE ORDER OF ASSUMPTION (SIX ARTICLES) 2581 Whether the Son of God assumed flesh through the medium of the soul? 2582 Whether the Son of God assumed a soul through the medium of the spirit or mind? 2583 Whether the soul was assumed before the flesh by the Son of God? 2584 Whether the flesh of Christ was assumed by the Word before being united to the soul? 2585 Whether the whole human nature was assumed through the medium of the parts? 2586 Whether the human nature was assumed through the medium of grace? 2587 OF THE GRACE OF CHRIST AS AN INDIVIDUAL MAN (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) 2588 Whether in the Soul of Christ there was any habitual grace? 2589 Whether in Christ there were virtues? 2590 Whether in Christ there was faith? 2591 Whether in Christ there was hope? 2592 Whether in Christ there were the gifts? 2593 Whether in Christ there was the gift of fear? 2594 Whether the gratuitous graces were in Christ? 2595 Whether in Christ there was the gift of prophecy? 2596 Whether in Christ there was the fulness of grace? 2597 Whether the fulness of grace is proper to Christ? 2598 Whether the grace of Christ is infinite? 2599 Whether the grace of Christ could increase? 2600 Whether the habitual grace of Christ followed after the union? 2601 OF THE GRACE OF CHRIST, AS HE IS THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2602 Whether Christ is the Head of the Church? 2603 Whether Christ is the Head of men as to their bodies or only as to their souls? 2604 Whether Christ is the Head of all men? 2605 Whether Christ is the Head of the angels? 2606 Whether the grace of Christ, as Head of the Church, is the same as His habitual grace, inasmuch as He is Man? 2607 Whether it is proper to Christ to be Head of the Church? 2608 Whether the devil is the head of all the wicked? 2609 Whether Anti-christ may be called the head of all the wicked? 2610 OF CHRIST'S KNOWLEDGE IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) 2611 Whether Christ had any knowledge besides the Divine? 2612 Whether Christ had the knowledge which the blessed or comprehensors have? 2613 Whether Christ had an imprinted or infused knowledge? 2614 Whether Christ had any acquired knowledge? 2615 OF THE BEATIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) 2616 Whether the soul of Christ comprehended the Word or the Divine Essence? 2617 Whether the Son of God knew all things in the Word? 2618 Whether the soul of Christ can know the infinite in the Word? 2619 Whether the soul of Christ sees the Word or the Divine Essence more clearly than does any other creature? 2620 OF THE KNOWLEDGE IMPRINTED OR INFUSED IN THE SOUL OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) 2621 Whether by this imprinted or infused knowledge Christ knew all things? 2622 Whether Christ could use this knowledge by turning to phantasms? 2623 Whether this knowledge is collative? 2624 Whether in Christ this knowledge was greater than the knowledge of the angels? 2625 Whether this knowledge was habitual? 2626 Whether this knowledge was distinguished by divers habits? 2627 OF THE ACQUIRED OR EMPIRIC KNOWLEDGE OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) 2628 Whether Christ knew all things by this acquired or empiric knowledge? 2629 Whether Christ advanced in acquired or empiric knowledge? 2630 Whether Christ learned anything from man? 2631 Whether Christ received knowledge from the angels? 2632 OF THE POWER OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) 2633 Whether the soul of Christ had omnipotence? 2634 Whether the soul of Christ had omnipotence with regard to the transmutation of creatures? 2635 Whether the soul of Christ had omnipotence with regard to His own body? 2636 Whether the soul of Christ had omnipotence as regards the execution of His will? 2637 OF THE DEFECTS OF BODY ASSUMED BY THE SON OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 2638 Whether the Son of God in human nature ought to have assumed defects of body? 2639 Whether Christ was of necessity subject to these defects? 2640 Whether Christ contracted these defects? 2641 Whether Christ ought to have assumed all the bodily defects of men? 2642 OF THE DEFECTS OF SOUL ASSUMED BY CHRIST (TEN ARTICLES) 2643 Whether there was sin in Christ? 2644 Whether there was the |fomes| of sin in Christ? 2645 Whether in Christ there was ignorance? 2646 Whether Christ's soul was passible? 2647 Whether there was sensible pain in Christ? 2648 Whether there was sorrow in Christ? 2649 Whether there was fear in Christ? 2650 Whether there was wonder in Christ? 2651 Whether there was anger in Christ? 2652 Whether Christ was at once a wayfarer and a comprehensor? 2653 OF THOSE THINGS WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO CHRIST IN HIS BEING AND BECOMING (TWELVE ARTICLES) 2654 Whether this is true: |God is man|? 2655 Whether this is true: |Man is God|? 2656 Whether Christ can be called a lordly man? 2657 Whether what belongs to the human nature can be predicated of God? 2658 Whether what belongs to the human nature can be predicated of the Divine Nature? 2659 Whether this is true: |God was made man|? 2660 Whether this is true: |Man was made God|? 2661 Whether this is true: |Christ is a creature|? 2662 Whether this Man, i.e. Christ, began to be? 2663 Whether this is true: |Christ as Man is a creature|? 2664 Whether this is true: |Christ as Man is God|? 2665 Whether this is true: |Christ as Man is a hypostasis or person|? 2666 OF CHRIST'S UNITY OF BEING (TWO ARTICLES) 2667 Whether Christ is one or two? 2668 Whether there is only one being in Christ? 2669 OF CHRIST'S UNITY OF WILL (SIX ARTICLES) 2670 Whether there are two wills in Christ? 2671 Whether in Christ there was a will of sensuality besides the will of reason? 2672 Whether in Christ there were two wills as regards the reason? 2673 Whether there was free-will in Christ? 2674 Whether the human will of Christ was altogether conformed to the Divine will in the thing willed? 2675 Whether there was contrariety of wills in Christ? 2676 OF THE UNITY OF CHRIST'S OPERATION (FOUR ARTICLES) 2677 Whether in Christ there is only one operation of the Godhead and Manhood? 2678 Whether in Christ there are several human operations? 2679 Whether the human action of Christ could be meritorious to Him? 2680 Whether Christ could merit for others? 2681 OF CHRIST'S SUBJECTION TO THE FATHER (TWO ARTICLES) 2682 Whether we may say that Christ is subject to the Father? 2683 Whether Christ is subject to Himself? 2684 OF CHRIST'S PRAYER (FOUR ARTICLES) 2685 Whether it is becoming of Christ to pray? 2686 Whether it pertains to Christ to pray according to His sensuality? 2687 Whether it was fitting that Christ should pray for Himself? 2688 Whether Christ's prayer was always heard? 2689 OF THE PRIESTHOOD OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) 2690 Whether it is fitting that Christ should be a priest? 2691 Whether Christ was Himself both priest and victim? 2692 Whether the effect of Christ's priesthood is the expiation of sins? 2693 Whether the effect of the priesthood of Christ pertained not only to others, but also to Himself? 2694 Whether the priesthood of Christ endures for ever? 2695 Whether the priesthood of Christ was according to the order of Melchisedech? 2696 OF ADOPTION AS BEFITTING TO CHRIST (FOUR ARTICLES) 2697 Whether it is fitting that God should adopt sons? 2698 Whether it is fitting that the whole Trinity should adopt? 2699 Whether it is proper to the rational nature to be adopted? 2700 Whether Christ as man is the adopted Son of God? 2701 OF THE PREDESTINATION OF CHRIST (FOUR ARTICLES) 2702 Whether it is befitting that Christ should be predestinated? 2703 Whether this proposition is false: |Christ as man was predestinated to be the Son of God|? 2704 Whether Christ's predestination is the exemplar of ours? 2705 Whether Christ's predestination is the cause of ours? 2706 OF THE ADORATION OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) 2707 Whether Christ's humanity and Godhead are to be adored with the same adoration? 2708 Whether Christ's humanity should be adored with the adoration of |latria|? 2709 Whether the image of Christ should be adored with the adoration of |latria|? 2710 Whether Christ's cross should be worshipped with the adoration of |latria|? 2711 Whether the Mother of God should be worshipped with the adoration of |latria|? 2712 Whether any kind of worship is due to the relics of the saints? 2713 OF CHRIST AS CALLED THE MEDIATOR OF GOD AND MAN (TWO ARTICLES) 2714 Whether it is proper to Christ to be the Mediator of God and man? 2715 Whether Christ, is the Mediator of God and men? 2716 OF THE SANCTIFICATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN (SIX ARTICLES) 2717 Whether the Blessed Virgin was sanctified before her birth from the womb? 2718 Whether the Blessed Virgin was sanctified before animation? 2719 Whether the Blessed Virgin was cleansed from the infection of the fomes? 2720 Whether by being sanctified in the womb the Blessed Virgin was preserved from all actual sin? 2721 Whether, by her sanctification in the womb, the Blessed Virgin received the fulness of grace? 2722 Whether after Christ, it was proper to the Blessed Virgin to be sanctified in the womb? 2723 OF THE VIRGINITY OF THE MOTHER OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 2724 Whether the Mother of God was a virgin in conceiving Christ? 2725 Whether Christ's Mother was a virgin in His birth? 2726 Whether Christ's Mother remained a virgin after His birth? 2727 Whether the Mother of God took a vow of virginity? 2728 OF THE ESPOUSALS OF THE MOTHER OF GOD (TWO ARTICLES) 2729 Whether Christ should have been born of an espoused virgin? 2730 Whether there was a true marriage between Mary and Joseph? 2731 OF THE ANNUNCIATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 2732 Whether it was necessary to announce to the Blessed Virgin that which was to be done in her? 2733 Whether the annunciation should have been made by an angel to the Blessed Virgin? 2734 Whether the angel of annunciation should have appeared to the Virgin in a bodily vision? 2735 Whether the Annunciation took place in becoming order? 2736 OF THE MATTER FROM WHICH THE SAVIOUR'S BODY WAS CONCEIVED (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2737 Whether the flesh of Christ was derived from Adam? 2738 Whether Christ took flesh of the seed of David? 2739 Whether Christ's genealogy is suitably traced by the evangelists? 2740 Whether the matter of Christ's body should have been taken from a woman? 2741 Whether the flesh of Christ was conceived of the Virgin's purest blood? 2742 Whether Christ's body was in Adam and the other patriarchs, as to something signate? 2743 Whether Christ's flesh in the patriarchs was infected by sin? 2744 Whether Christ paid tithes in Abraham's loins? 2745 OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE IN CHRIST'S CONCEPTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 2746 Whether the accomplishment of Christ's conception should be attributed to the Holy Ghost? 2747 Whether it should be said that Christ was conceived of [de] the Holy Ghost? 2748 Whether the Holy Ghost should be called Christ's father in respect of His humanity? 2749 Whether the Blessed Virgin cooperated actively in the conception of Christ's body? 2750 OF THE MODE AND ORDER OF CHRIST'S CONCEPTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 2751 Whether Christ's body was formed in the first instant of its conception? 2752 Whether Christ's body was animated in the first instant of its conception? 2753 Whether Christ's flesh was first of all conceived and afterwards assumed? 2754 Whether Christ's conception was natural? 2755 OF THE PERFECTION OF THE CHILD CONCEIVED (FOUR ARTICLES) 2756 Whether Christ was sanctified in the first instant of His conception? 2757 Whether Christ as man had the use of free-will in the first instant of His conception? 2758 Whether Christ could merit in the first instant of His conception? 2759 Whether Christ was a perfect comprehensor in the first instant of His conception? 2760 OF CHRIST'S NATIVITY (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2761 Whether nativity regards the nature rather than the person? 2762 Whether a temporal nativity should be attributed to Christ? 2763 Whether the Blessed Virgin can be called Christ's Mother in respect of His temporal nativity? 2764 Whether the Blessed Virgin should be called the Mother of God? 2765 Whether there are two filiations in Christ? 2766 Whether Christ was born without His Mother suffering? 2767 Whether Christ should have been born in Bethlehem? 2768 Whether Christ was born at a fitting time? 2769 OF THE MANIFESTATION OF THE NEWLY BORN CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2770 Whether Christ's birth should have been made known to all? 2771 Whether Christ's birth should have been made known to some? 2772 Whether those to whom Christ's birth was made known were suitably chosen? 2773 Whether Christ Himself should have made His birth know? 2774 Whether Christ's birth should have been manifested by means of the angels and the star? 2775 Whether Christ's birth was made known in a becoming order? 2776 Whether the star which appeared to the Magi belonged to the heavenly system? 2777 Whether it was becoming that the Magi should come to adore Christ and pay homage to Him? 2778 OF CHRIST'S CIRCUMCISION, AND OF THE OTHER LEGAL OBSERVANCES ACCOMPLISHED IN REGARD TO THE CHILD CHRIST (FOUR ARTICLES) 2779 Whether Christ should have been circumcised? 2780 Whether His name was suitably given to Christ? 2781 Whether Christ was becomingly presented in the temple? 2782 Whether it was fitting that the Mother of God should go to the temple to be purified? 2783 OF THE BAPTISM OF JOHN (SIX ARTICLES) 2784 Whether it was fitting that John should baptize? 2785 Whether the baptism of John was from God? 2786 Whether grace was given in the baptism of John? 2787 Whether Christ alone should have been baptized with the baptism of John? 2788 Whether John's baptism should have ceased after Christ was baptized? 2789 Whether those who had been baptized with John's baptism had to be baptized with the baptism of Christ? 2790 OF THE BAPTIZING OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2791 Whether it was fitting that Christ should be baptized? 2792 Whether it was fitting for Christ to be baptized with John's baptism? 2793 Whether Christ was baptized at a fitting time? 2794 Whether Christ should have been baptized in the Jordan? 2795 Whether the heavens should have been opened unto Christ at His baptism? 2796 Whether it is fitting to say that when Christ was baptized the Holy Ghost came down on Him in the form of a dove? 2797 Whether the dove in which the Holy Ghost appeared was real? 2798 Whether it was becoming, when Christ was baptized that the Father's voice should be heard, bearing witness to the Son? 2799 OF CHRIST'S MANNER OF LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2800 Whether Christ should have associated with men, or led a solitary life? 2801 Whether it was becoming that Christ should lead an austere life in this world? 2802 Whether Christ should have led a life of poverty in this world? 2803 Whether Christ conformed His conduct to the Law? 2804 OF CHRIST'S TEMPTATION (FOUR ARTICLES) 2805 Whether it was becoming that Christ should be tempted? 2806 Whether Christ should have been tempted in the desert? 2807 Whether Christ's temptation should have taken place after His fast? 2808 Whether the mode and order of the temptation were becoming? 2809 OF CHRIST'S DOCTRINE (FOUR ARTICLES) 2810 Whether Christ should have preached not only to the Jews, but also to the Gentiles? 2811 Whether Christ should have preached to the Jews without offending them? 2812 Whether Christ should have taught all things openly? 2813 Whether Christ should have committed His doctrine to writing? 2814 OF THE MIRACLES WORKED BY CHRIST, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) 2815 Whether Christ should have worked miracles? 2816 Whether Christ worked miracles by Divine power? 2817 Whether Christ began to work miracles when He changed water into wine at the marriage feast? 2818 Whether the miracles which Christ worked were a sufficient proof of His Godhead? 2819 OF (CHRIST'S) MIRACLES CONSIDERED SPECIFICALLY (FOUR ARTICLES) 2820 Whether those miracles were fitting which Christ worked in spiritual substances? 2821 Whether it was fitting that Christ should work miracles in the heavenly bodies? 2822 Whether Christ worked miracles fittingly on men? 2823 Whether Christ worked miracles fittingly on irrational creatures? 2824 OF CHRIST'S TRANSFIGURATION (FOUR ARTICLES) 2825 Whether it was fitting that Christ should be transfigured? 2826 Whether this clarity was the clarity of glory? 2827 Whether the witnesses of the transfiguration were fittingly chosen? 2828 Whether the testimony of the Father's voice, saying, |This is My beloved Son,| was fittingly added? 2829 THE PASSION OF CHRIST (TWELVE ARTICLES) 2830 Whether it was necessary for Christ to suffer for the deliverance of the human race? 2831 Whether there was any other possible way of human deliverance besides the Passion of Christ? 2832 Whether there was any more suitable way of delivering the human race than by Christ's Passion? 2833 Whether Christ ought to have suffered on the cross? 2834 Whether Christ endured all suffering? 2835 Whether the pain of Christ's Passion was greater than all other pains? 2836 Whether Christ suffered in His whole soul? 2837 Whether Christ's entire soul enjoyed blessed fruition during the Passion? 2838 Whether Christ suffered at a suitable time? 2839 Whether Christ suffered in a suitable place? 2840 Whether it was fitting for Christ to be crucified with thieves? 2841 Whether Christ's Passion is to be attributed to His Godhead? 2842 OF THE EFFICIENT CAUSE OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES) 2843 Whether Christ was slain by another or by Himself? 2844 Whether Christ died out of obedience? 2845 Whether God the Father delivered up Christ to the Passion? 2846 Whether it was fitting for Christ to suffer at the hands of the Gentiles? 2847 Whether Christ's persecutors knew who He was? 2848 Whether the sin of those who crucified Christ was most grievous? 2849 OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES) 2850 Whether Christ's Passion brought about our salvation by way of merit? 2851 Whether Christ's Passion brought about our salvation by way of atonement? 2852 Whether Christ's Passion operated by way of sacrifice? 2853 Whether Christ's Passion brought about our salvation by way of redemption? 2854 Whether it is proper to Christ to be the Redeemer? 2855 Whether Christ's Passion brought about our salvation efficiently? 2856 OF THE EFFECTS OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES) 2857 Whether we were delivered from sin through Christ's Passion? 2858 Whether we were delivered from the devil's power through Christ's Passion? 2859 Whether men were freed from the punishment of sin through Christ's Passion? 2860 Whether we were reconciled to God through Christ's Passion? 2861 Whether Christ opened the gate of heaven to us by His Passion? 2862 Whether by His Passion Christ merited to be exalted? 2863 OF THE DEATH OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) 2864 Whether it was fitting that Christ should die? 2865 Whether the Godhead was separated from the flesh when Christ died? 2866 Whether in Christ's death there was a severance between His Godhead and His soul? 2867 Whether Christ was a man during the three days of His death? 2868 Whether Christ's was identically the same body living and dead? 2869 Whether Christ's death conduced in any way to our salvation? 2870 OF CHRIST'S BURIAL (FOUR ARTICLES) 2871 Whether it was fitting for Christ to be buried? 2872 Whether Christ was buried in a becoming manner? 2873 Whether Christ's body was reduced to dust in the tomb? 2874 Whether Christ was in the tomb only one day and two nights? 2875 OF CHRIST'S DESCENT INTO HELL (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2876 Whether it was fitting for Christ to descend into hell? 2877 Whether Christ went down into the hell of the lost? 2878 Whether the whole Christ was in hell? 2879 Whether Christ made any stay in hell? 2880 Whether Christ descending into hell delivered the holy Fathers from thence? 2881 Whether Christ delivered any of the lost from hell? 2882 Whether the children who died in original sin were delivered by Christ? 2883 Whether Christ by His descent into hell delivered souls from purgatory? 2884 OF CHRIST'S RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 2885 Whether it was necessary for Christ to rise again? 2886 Whether it was fitting for Christ to rise again on the third day? 2887 Whether Christ was the first to rise from the dead? 2888 Whether Christ was the cause of His own Resurrection? 2889 OF THE QUALITY OF CHRIST RISING AGAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 2890 Whether Christ had a true body after His Resurrection? 2891 Whether Christ's body rose glorified? [*Some editions give this article as the third, following the order of the introduction to the question. But this is evident from the first sentence of the body of A (A in the aforesaid editions), that the order of th 2892 Whether Christ's body rose again entire? 2893 Whether Christ's body ought to have risen with its scars? 2894 OF THE MANIFESTATION OF THE RESURRECTION (SIX ARTICLES) 2895 Whether Christ's Resurrection ought to have been manifested to all? 2896 Whether it was fitting that the disciples should see Him rise again? 2897 Whether Christ ought to have lived constantly with His disciples after the Resurrection? 2898 Whether Christ should have appeared to the disciples |in another shape|? 2899 Whether Christ should have demonstrated the truth of His Resurrection by proofs? 2900 Whether the proofs which Christ made use of manifested sufficiently the truth of His Resurrection? 2901 OF THE CAUSALITY OF CHRIST'S RESURRECTION (TWO ARTICLES) 2902 Whether Christ's Resurrection is the cause of the resurrection of our bodies? 2903 Whether Christ's Resurrection is the cause of the resurrection of souls? 2904 OF THE ASCENSION OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) 2905 Whether it was fitting for Christ to ascend into heaven? 2906 Whether Christ's Ascension into heaven belonged to Him according to His Divine Nature? 2907 Whether Christ ascended by His own power? 2908 Whether Christ ascended above all the heavens? 2909 Whether Christ's body ascended above every spiritual creature? 2910 Whether Christ's Ascension is the cause of our salvation? 2911 OF CHRIST'S SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF THE FATHER (FOUR ARTICLES) 2912 Whether it is fitting that Christ should sit at the right hand of God the Father? 2913 Whether it belongs to Christ as God to sit at the right hand of the Father? 2914 Whether it belongs to Christ as man to sit at the right hand of the Father? 2915 Whether it is proper to Christ to sit at the right hand of the Father? 2916 OF CHRIST'S JUDICIARY POWER (SIX ARTICLES) 2917 Whether judiciary power is to be specially attributed to Christ? 2918 Whether judiciary power belongs to Christ as man? 2919 Whether Christ acquired His judiciary power by His merits? 2920 Whether judiciary power belongs to Christ with respect to all human affairs? 2921 Whether after the Judgment that takes place in the present time, there remains yet another General Judgment? 2922 Whether Christ's judiciary power extends to the angels? 2923 TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENTS (QQ -90)WHAT IS A SACRAMENT? (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2924 Whether a sacrament is a kind of sign? 2925 Whether every sign of a holy thing is a sacrament? 2926 Whether a sacrament is a sign of one thing only? 2927 Whether a sacrament is always something sensible? 2928 Whether determinate things are required for a sacrament? 2929 Whether words are required for the signification of the sacraments? 2930 Whether determinate words are required in the sacraments? 2931 Whether it is lawful to add anything to the words in which the sacramental form consists? 2932 OF THE NECESSITY OF THE SACRAMENTS (FOUR ARTICLES) 2933 Whether sacraments are necessary for man's salvation? 2934 Whether before sin sacraments were necessary to man? 2935 Whether there should have been sacraments after sin, before Christ? 2936 Whether there was need for any sacraments after Christ came? 2937 OF THE SACRAMENTS' PRINCIPAL EFFECT, WHICH IS GRACE (SIX ARTICLES) 2938 Whether the sacraments are the cause of grace? 2939 Whether sacramental grace confers anything in addition to the grace of the virtues and gifts? 2940 Whether the sacraments of the New Law contain grace? 2941 Whether there be in the sacraments a power of causing grace? 2942 Whether the sacraments of the New Law derive their power from Christ's Passion? 2943 Whether the sacraments of the Old Law caused grace? 2944 OF THE OTHER EFFECT OF THE SACRAMENTS, WHICH IS A CHARACTER (SIX ARTICLES) 2945 Whether a sacrament imprints a character on the soul? 2946 Whether a character is a spiritual power? 2947 Whether the sacramental character is the character of Christ? 2948 Whether the character be subjected in the powers of the soul? 2949 Whether a character can be blotted out from the soul? 2950 Whether a character is imprinted by each sacrament of the New Law? 2951 OF THE CAUSES OF THE SACRAMENTS (TEN ARTICLES) 2952 Whether God alone, or the minister also, works inwardly unto the sacramental effect? 2953 Whether the sacraments are instituted by God alone? 2954 Whether Christ as man had the power of producing the inward sacramental effect? 2955 Whether Christ could communicate to ministers the power which He had in the sacraments? 2956 Whether the sacraments can be conferred by evil ministers? 2957 Whether wicked men sin in administering the sacraments? 2958 Whether angels can administer sacraments? 2959 Whether the minister's intention is required for the validity of a sacrament? 2960 Whether faith is required of necessity in the minister of a sacrament? 2961 Whether the validity of a sacrament requires a good intention in the minister? 2962 OF THE NUMBER OF THE SACRAMENTS (FOUR ARTICLES) 2963 Whether there should be seven sacraments? 2964 Whether the order of the sacraments, as given above, is becoming? 2965 Whether the Eucharist is the greatest of the sacraments? 2966 Whether all the sacraments are necessary for salvation? 2967 OF THE SACRAMENT OF BAPTISM (TWELVE ARTICLES) 2968 Whether Baptism is the mere washing? 2969 Whether Baptism was instituted after Christ's Passion? 2970 Whether water is the proper matter of Baptism? 2971 Whether plain water is necessary for Baptism? 2972 Whether this be a suitable form of Baptism: |I baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost|? 2973 Whether Baptism can be conferred in the name of Christ? 2974 Whether immersion in water is necessary for Baptism? 2975 Whether trine immersion is essential to Baptism? 2976 Whether Baptism may be reiterated? 2977 Whether the Church observes a suitable rite in baptizing? 2978 Whether three kinds of Baptism are fittingly described—viz. Baptism of Water, of Blood, and of the Spirit? 2979 Whether the Baptism of Blood is the most excellent of these? 2980 OF THE MINISTERS BY WHOM THE SACRAMENT OF BAPTISM IS CONFERRED (EIGHT ARTICLES) 2981 Whether it is part of a deacon's duty to baptize? 2982 Whether to baptize is part of the priestly office, or proper to that of bishops? 2983 Whether a layman can baptize? 2984 Whether a woman can baptize? 2985 Whether one that is not baptized can confer the sacrament of Baptism? 2986 Whether several can baptize at the same time? 2987 Whether in Baptism it is necessary for someone to raise the baptized from the sacred font? 2988 Whether he who raises anyone from the sacred font is bound to instruct him? 2989 OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE BAPTISM (TWELVE ARTICLES) 2990 Whether all are bound to receive Baptism? 2991 Whether a man can be saved without Baptism? 2992 Whether Baptism should be deferred? 2993 Whether sinners should be baptized? 2994 Whether works of satisfaction should be enjoined on sinners that have been baptized? 2995 Whether sinners who are going to be baptized are bound to confess their sins? 2996 Whether the intention of receiving the sacrament of Baptism is required on the part of the one baptized? 2997 Whether faith is required on the part of the one baptized? 2998 Whether children should be baptized? 2999 Whether children of Jews or other unbelievers be baptized against the will of their parents? 3000 Whether a child can be baptized while yet in its mother's womb? 3001 Whether madmen and imbeciles should be baptized? 3002 OF THE EFFECTS OF BAPTISM (TEN ARTICLES) 3003 Whether all sins are taken away by Baptism? 3004 Whether man is freed by Baptism from all debt of punishment due to sin? 3005 Whether Baptism should take away the penalties of sin that belong to this life? 3006 Whether grace and virtues are bestowed on man by Baptism? 3007 Whether certain acts of the virtues are fittingly set down as effects of Baptism, to wit—incorporation in Christ, enlightenment, and fruitfulness? 3008 Whether children receive grace and virtue in Baptism? 3009 Whether the effect of Baptism is to open the gates of the heavenly kingdom? 3010 Whether Baptism has an equal effect in all? 3011 Whether insincerity hinders the effect of Baptism? 3012 Whether Baptism produces its effect when the insincerity ceases? 3013 OF CIRCUMCISION (FOUR ARTICLES) 3014 Whether circumcision was a preparation for, and a figure of Baptism? 3015 Whether circumcision was instituted in a fitting manner? 3016 Whether the rite of circumcision was fitting? 3017 Whether circumcision bestowed sanctifying grace? 3018 OF THE PREPARATIONS THAT ACCOMPANY BAPTISM (FOUR ARTICLES) 3019 Whether catechism should precede Baptism? 3020 Whether exorcism should precede Baptism? 3021 Whether what is done in the exorcism effects anything, or is a mere sign? 3022 Whether it belongs to a priest to catechize and exorcize the person to be baptized? 3023 CONFIRMATION (Q ) 3024 Whether confirmation is a sacrament? 3025 Whether chrism is a fitting matter for this sacrament? 3026 Whether it is essential to this sacrament that the chrism which is its matter be previously consecrated by a bishop? 3027 Whether the proper form of this sacrament is: |I sign thee with the sign of the cross,| etc.? 3028 Whether the sacrament of Confirmation imprints a character? 3029 Whether the character of Confirmation presupposes of necessity, the baptismal character? 3030 Whether sanctifying grace is bestowed in this sacrament? 3031 Whether this sacrament should be given to all? 3032 Whether this sacrament should be given to man on the forehead? 3033 Whether he who is confirmed needs one to stand* for him? [*Literally, |to hold him|] 3034 Whether only a bishop can confer this sacrament? 3035 Whether the rite of this sacrament is appropriate? 3036 OF THE SACRAMENT OF THE EUCHARIST (SIX ARTICLES) 3037 Whether the Eucharist is a sacrament? 3038 Whether the Eucharist is one sacrament or several? 3039 Whether the Eucharist is necessary for salvation? 3040 Whether this sacrament is suitably called by various names? 3041 Whether the institution of this sacrament was appropriate? 3042 Whether the Paschal Lamb was the chief figure of this sacrament? 3043 OF THE MATTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) 3044 Whether the matter of this sacrament is bread and wine? 3045 Whether a determinate quantity of bread and wine is required for the matter of this sacrament? 3046 Whether wheaten bread is required for the matter of this sacrament? 3047 Whether this sacrament ought to be made of unleavened bread? 3048 Whether wine of the grape is the proper matter of this sacrament? 3049 Whether water should be mixed with the wine? 3050 Whether the mixing with water is essential to this sacrament? 3051 Whether water should be added in great quantity? 3052 OF THE CHANGE OF BREAD AND WINE INTO THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) 3053 Whether the body of Christ be in this sacrament in very truth, or merely as in a figure or sign? 3054 Whether in this sacrament the substance of the bread and wine remains after the consecration? 3055 Whether the substance of the bread or wine is annihilated after the consecration of this sacrament, or dissolved into their original matter? 3056 Whether bread can be converted into the body of Christ? 3057 Whether the accidents of the bread and wine remain in this sacrament after the change? 3058 Whether the substantial form of the bread remains in this sacrament after the consecration? 3059 Whether this change is wrought instantaneously? 3060 Whether this proposition is false: |The body of Christ is made out of bread|? 3061 OF THE WAY IN WHICH CHRIST IS IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) 3062 Whether the whole Christ is contained under this sacrament? 3063 Whether the whole Christ is contained under each species of this sacrament? 3064 Whether Christ is entire under every part of the species of the bread and wine? 3065 Whether the whole dimensive quantity of Christ's body is in this sacrament? 3066 Whether Christ's body is in this sacrament as in a place? 3067 Whether Christ's body is in this sacrament movably? 3068 Whether the body of Christ, as it is in this sacrament, can be seen by any eye, at least by a glorified one? 3069 Whether Christ's body is truly there when flesh or a child appears miraculously in this sacrament? 3070 OF THE ACCIDENTS WHICH REMAIN IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) 3071 Whether the accidents remain in this sacrament without a subject? 3072 Whether in this sacrament the dimensive quantity of the bread or wine is the subject of the other accidents? 3073 Whether the species remaining in this sacrament can change external objects? 3074 Whether the sacramental species can be corrupted? 3075 Whether anything can be generated from the sacramental species? 3076 Whether the sacramental species can nourish? 3077 Whether the sacramental species are broken in this sacrament? 3078 Whether any liquid can be mingled with the consecrated wine? 3079 OF THE FORM OF THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES) 3080 Whether this is the form of this sacrament: |This is My body,| and |This is the chalice of My blood|? 3081 Whether this is the proper form for the consecration of the bread: |This is My body|? 3082 Whether this is the proper form for the consecration of the wine: |This is the chalice of My blood,| etc.? 3083 Whether in the aforesaid words of the forms there be any created power which causes the consecration? 3084 Whether the aforesaid expressions are true? 3085 Whether the form of the consecration of the bread accomplishes its effect before the form of the consecration of the wine be completed? 3086 OF THE EFFECTS OF THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) 3087 Whether grace is bestowed through this sacrament? 3088 Whether the attaining of glory is an effect of this sacrament? 3089 Whether the forgiveness of mortal sin is an effect of this sacrament? 3090 Whether venial sins are forgiven through this sacrament? 3091 Whether the entire punishment due to sin is forgiven through this sacrament? 3092 Whether man is preserved by this sacrament from future sins? 3093 Whether this sacrament benefit others besides the recipients? 3094 Whether the effect of this sacrament is hindered by venial sin? 3095 OF THE USE OR RECEIVING OF THIS SACRAMENT IN GENERAL (TWELVE ARTICLES) 3096 Whether there are two ways to be distinguished of eating Christ's body? 3097 Whether it belongs to man alone to eat this sacrament spiritually? 3098 Whether the just man alone may eat Christ sacramentally? 3099 Whether the sinner sins in receiving Christ's body sacramentally? 3100 Whether to approach this sacrament with consciousness of sin is the gravest of all sins? 3101 Whether the priest ought to deny the body of Christ to the sinner seeking it? 3102 Whether the seminal loss that occurs during sleep hinders anyone from receiving this sacrament? 3103 Whether food or drink taken beforehand hinders the receiving of this sacrament? 3104 Whether those who have not the use of reason ought to receive this sacrament? 3105 Whether it is lawful to receive this sacrament daily? 3106 Whether it is lawful to abstain altogether from communion? 3107 Whether it is lawful to receive the body of Christ without the blood? 3108 OF THE USE WHICH CHRIST MADE OF THIS SACRAMENT AT ITS INSTITUTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 3109 Whether Christ received His own body and blood? 3110 Whether Christ gave His body to Judas? 3111 Whether Christ received and gave to the disciples His impassible body? 3112 Whether, if this sacrament had been reserved in a pyx, or consecrated at the moment of Christ's death by one of the apostles, Christ Himself would have died there? 3113 OF THE MINISTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (TEN ARTICLES) 3114 Whether the consecration of this sacrament belongs to a priest alone? 3115 Whether several priests can consecrate one and the same host? 3116 Whether dispensing of this sacrament belongs to a priest alone? 3117 Whether the priest who consecrates is bound to receive this sacrament? 3118 Whether a wicked priest can consecrate the Eucharist? 3119 Whether the mass of a sinful priest is of less worth than the mass of a good priest? 3120 Whether heretics, schismatics, and excommunicated persons can consecrate? 3121 Whether a degraded priest can consecrate this sacrament? 3122 Whether it is permissible to receive communion from heretical, excommunicate, or sinful priests, and to hear mass said by them? 3123 Whether it is lawful for a priest to refrain entirely from consecrating the Eucharist? 3124 OF THE RITE OF THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES) 3125 Whether Christ is sacrificed in this sacrament? 3126 Whether the time for celebrating this mystery has been properly determined? 3127 Whether this sacrament ought to be celebrated in a house and with sacred vessels? 3128 Whether the words spoken in this sacrament are properly framed? 3129 Whether the actions performed in celebrating this sacrament are becoming? 3130 Whether the defects occurring during the celebration of this sacrament can be sufficiently met by observing the Church's statutes? 3131 OF THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE (TEN ARTICLES) 3132 Whether Penance is a sacrament? 3133 Whether sins are the proper matter of this sacrament? 3134 Whether the form of this sacrament is: |I absolve thee|? 3135 Whether the imposition of the priest's hands is necessary for this sacrament? 3136 Whether this sacrament is necessary for salvation? 3137 Whether Penance is a second plank after shipwreck? 3138 Whether this sacrament was suitably instituted in the New Law? 3139 Whether Penance should last till the end of life? 3140 Whether Penance can be continuous? 3141 Whether the sacrament of Penance may be repeated? 3142 OF PENANCE AS A VIRTUE (SIX ARTICLES) 3143 Whether Penance is a virtue? 3144 Whether Penance is a special virtue? 3145 Whether the virtue of penance is a species of justice? 3146 Whether the will is properly the subject of penance? 3147 Whether penance originates from fear? 3148 Whether penance is the first of the virtues? 3149 OF THE EFFECT OF PENANCE, AS REGARDS THE PARDON OF MORTAL SIN (SIX ARTICLES) 3150 Whether all sins are taken away by Penance? 3151 Whether sin can be pardoned without Penance? 3152 Whether by Penance one sin can be pardoned without another? 3153 Whether the debt of punishment remains after the guilt has been forgiven through Penance? 3154 Whether the remnants of sin are removed when a mortal sin is forgiven? 3155 Whether the forgiveness of guilt is an effect of Penance? 3156 OF THE REMISSION OF VENIAL SIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 3157 Whether venial sin can be forgiven without Penance? 3158 Whether infusion of grace is necessary for the remission of venial sins? 3159 Whether venial sins are removed by the sprinkling of holy water and the like? 3160 Whether venial sin can be taken away without mortal sin? 3161 OF THE RETURN OF SINS WHICH HAVE BEEN TAKEN AWAY BY PENANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) 3162 Whether sins once forgiven return through a subsequent sin? 3163 Whether sins that have been forgiven, return through ingratitude which is shown especially in four kinds of sin? 3164 Whether the debt of punishment that arises through ingratitude in respect of a subsequent sin is as great as that of the sins previously pardoned? 3165 Whether the ingratitude whereby a subsequent sin causes the return of previous sins, is a special sin? 3166 OF THE RECOVERY OF VIRTUE BY MEANS OF PENANCE (SIX ARTICLES) 3167 Whether the virtues are restored through Penance? 3168 Whether, after Penance, man rises again to equal virtue? 3169 Whether, by Penance, man is restored to his former dignity? 3170 Whether virtuous deeds done in charity can be deadened? 3171 Whether deeds deadened by sin, are revived by Penance? 3172 Whether the effect of subsequent Penance is to quicken even dead works? 3173 OF THE PARTS OF PENANCE, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) 3174 Whether Penance should be assigned any parts? 3175 Whether contrition, confession, and satisfaction are fittingly assigned as parts of Penance? 3176 Whether these three are integral parts of Penance? 3177 Whether Penance is fittingly divided into penance before Baptism, penance for mortal sins, and penance for venial sins? 3178 EDITOR'S NOTE: 3179 OF THE PARTS OF PENANCE, IN PARTICULAR, AND FIRST OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) 3180 Whether contrition is an assumed sorrow for sins, together with the purpose of confessing them and of making satisfaction for them? 3181 Whether contrition is an act of virtue? 3182 Whether attrition can become contrition? 3183 OF THE OBJECT OF CONTRITION (SIX ARTICLES) 3184 Whether man should be contrite on account of the punishment, and not only on account of his sin? 3185 Whether contrition should be on account of original sin? 3186 Whether we should have contrition for every actual sin? 3187 Whether a man is bound to have contrition for his future sins? 3188 Whether a man ought to have contrition for another's sin? 3189 Whether it is necessary to have contrition for each mortal sin? 3190 OF THE DEGREE OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) 3191 Whether contrition is the greatest possible sorrow in the world? 3192 Whether the sorrow of contrition can be too great? 3193 Whether sorrow for one sin should be greater than for another? 3194 OF THE TIME FOR CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) 3195 Whether the whole of this life is the time for contrition? 3196 Whether it is expedient to grieve for sin continually? 3197 Whether our souls are contrite for sins even after this life? 3198 OF THE EFFECT OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) 3199 Whether the forgiveness of sin is the effect of contrition? 3200 Whether contrition can take away the debt of punishment entirely? 3201 Whether slight contrition suffices to blot out great sins? 3202 OF CONFESSION, AS REGARDS ITS NECESSITY (SIX ARTICLES) 3203 Whether confession is necessary for salvation? 3204 Whether confession is according to the natural law? 3205 Whether all are bound to confession? 3206 Whether it is lawful for a man to confess a sin which he has not committed? 3207 Whether one is bound to confess at once? 3208 Whether one can be dispensed from confession? 3209 OF THE NATURE OF CONFESSION (THREE ARTICLES) 3210 Whether Augustine fittingly defines confession? 3211 Whether confession is an act of virtue? 3212 Whether confession is an act of the virtue of penance? 3213 OF THE MINISTER OF CONFESSION (SEVEN ARTICLES) 3214 Whether it is necessary to confess to a priest? 3215 Whether it is ever lawful to confess to another than a priest? 3216 Whether, outside a case of necessity, anyone who is not a priest may hear the confession of venial sins? 3217 Whether it is necessary for one to confess to one's own priest? 3218 Whether it is lawful for anyone to confess to another than his own priest, in virtue of a privilege or a command given by a superior? 3219 Whether a penitent, at the point of death, can be absolved by any priest? 3220 Whether the temporal punishment is imposed according to the degree of the fault? 3221 OF THE QUALITY OF CONFESSION (FOUR ARTICLES) 3222 Whether confession can be lacking in form? 3223 Whether confession should be entire? 3224 Whether one may confess through another, or by writing? 3225 Whether the sixteen conditions usually assigned are necessary for confession? 3226 OF THE EFFECT OF CONFESSION (FIVE ARTICLES) 3227 Whether confession delivers one from the death of sin? 3228 Whether confession delivers from punishment in some way? 3229 Whether confession opens paradise? 3230 Whether confession gives hope of salvation? 3231 Whether a general confession suffices to blot out forgotten mortal sins? 3232 OF THE SEAL OF CONFESSION (FIVE ARTICLES) 3233 Whether in every case the priest is bound to hide the sins which he knows under the seal of confession? 3234 Whether the seal of confession extends to other matters than those which have reference to confession? 3235 Whether the priest alone is bound by the seal of confession? 3236 Whether by the penitent's permission, a priest may reveal to another a sin which he knows under the seal of confession? 3237 Whether a man may reveal that which he knows through confession and through some other source besides? 3238 OF SATISFACTION, AS TO ITS NATURE (THREE ARTICLES) 3239 Whether satisfaction is a virtue or an act of virtue? 3240 Whether satisfaction is an act of justice? 3241 Whether the definition of satisfaction given in the text is suitable? 3242 OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SATISFACTION (TWO ARTICLES) 3243 Whether man can make satisfaction to God? 3244 Whether one man can fulfill satisfactory punishment for another? 3245 OF THE QUALITY OF SATISFACTION (FIVE ARTICLES) 3246 Whether a man can satisfy for one sin without satisfying for another? 3247 Whether, when deprived of charity, a man can make satisfaction for sins for which he was previously contrite? 3248 Whether previous satisfaction begins to avail after man is restored to charity? 3249 Whether works done without charity merit any, at least temporal, good? 3250 Whether the aforesaid works avail for the mitigation of the pains of hell? 3251 OF THE MEANS OF MAKING SATISFACTION (THREE ARTICLES) 3252 Whether satisfaction must be made by means of penal works? 3253 Whether the scourges of the present life are satisfactory? 3254 Whether the works of satisfaction are suitably enumerated? 3255 OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE (THREE ARTICLES) 3256 Whether penance can be in the innocent? 3257 Whether the saints in glory have penance? 3258 Whether an angel can be the subject of penance? 3259 OF THE POWER OF THE KEYS (THREE ARTICLES) 3260 Whether there should be keys in the Church? 3261 Whether the key is the power of binding and loosing, etc.? 3262 Whether there are two keys or only one? 3263 OF THE EFFECT OF THE KEYS (FOUR ARTICLES) 3264 Whether the power of the keys extends to the remission of guilt? [*St. Thomas here follows the opinion of Peter Lombard, and replies in the negative. Later in life he altered his opinion. Cf. TP, Q , A ; TP, Q , A ; TP, Q , A ] 3265 Whether a priest can remit sin as to the punishment? 3266 Whether the priest can bind through the power of the keys? 3267 Whether the priest can bind and loose according to his own judgment? 3268 OF THE MINISTERS OF THE KEYS (SIX ARTICLES) 3269 Whether the priest of the Law had the keys? 3270 Whether Christ had the key? 3271 Whether priests alone have the keys? 3272 Whether holy men who are not priests have the keys? 3273 Whether wicked priests have the use of the keys? 3274 Whether those who are schismatics, heretics, excommunicate, suspended or degraded have the use of the keys? 3275 OF THOSE ON WHOM THE POWER OF THE KEYS CAN BE EXERCISED (THREE ARTICLES) 3276 Whether a priest can use the key which he has, on any man? 3277 Whether a priest can always absolve his subject? 3278 Whether a man can use the keys with regard to his superior? 3279 OF THE DEFINITION, CONGRUITY AND CAUSE OF EXCOMMUNICATION (FOUR ARTICLES) 3280 Whether excommunication is suitably defined as separation from the communion of the Church, etc? 3281 Whether the Church should excommunicate anyone? 3282 Whether anyone should be excommunicated for inflicting temporal harm? 3283 Whether an excommunication unjustly pronounced has any effect? 3284 OF THOSE WHO CAN EXCOMMUNICATE OR BE EXCOMMUNICATED (SIX ARTICLES) 3285 Whether every priest can excommunicate? 3286 Whether those who are not priests can excommunicate? 3287 Whether a man who is excommunicated or suspended can excommunicate another? 3288 Whether a man can excommunicate himself, his equal, or his superior? 3289 Whether a sentence of excommunication can be passed on a body of men? 3290 Whether a man can be excommunicated who is already under sentence of excommunication? 3291 OF COMMUNICATION WITH EXCOMMUNICATED PERSONS (THREE ARTICLES) 3292 Whether it is lawful, in matters purely corporal, to communicate with an excommunicated person? 3293 Whether a person incurs excommunication for communicating with one who is excommunicated? 3294 Whether it is always a mortal sin to communicate with an excommunicated person in other cases than those in which it is allowed? 3295 OF ABSOLUTION FROM EXCOMMUNICATION (THREE ARTICLES) 3296 Whether any priest can absolve his subject from excommunication? 3297 Whether anyone can be absolved against his will? 3298 Whether a man can be absolved from one excommunication without being absolved from all? 3299 OF INDULGENCES (THREE ARTICLES) 3300 Whether an indulgence can remit any part of the punishment due for the satisfaction of sins? 3301 Whether indulgences are as effective as they claim to be? 3302 Whether an indulgence ought to be granted for temporal help? 3303 OF THOSE WHO CAN GRANT INDULGENCES (FOUR ARTICLES) 3304 Whether every parish priest can grant indulgences? 3305 Whether a deacon or another who is not a priest can grant an indulgence? 3306 Whether a bishop can grant indulgences? 3307 Whether indulgences can be granted by one who is in mortal sin? 3308 OF THOSE WHOM INDULGENCES AVAIL (FOUR ARTICLES) 3309 Whether an indulgence avails those who are in mortal sin? 3310 Whether indulgences avail religious? 3311 Whether an indulgence can ever be granted to one who does not fulfill the conditions required? 3312 Whether an indulgence avails the person who grants it? 3313 OF THE SOLEMN RITE OF PENANCE (THREE ARTICLES) 3314 Whether a penance should be published or solemnized? 3315 Whether a solemn penance can be repeated? 3316 Whether solemn penance should be imposed on women and clerics, and whether any priest can impose it? 3317 EXTREME UNCTION (QQ -33) 3318 Whether Extreme Unction is a sacrament? 3319 Whether Extreme Unction is one sacrament? 3320 Whether this sacrament was instituted by Christ? 3321 Whether olive oil is a suitable matter for this sacrament? 3322 Whether the oil ought to be consecrated? 3323 Whether the matter of this sacrament need be consecrated by a bishop? 3324 Whether this sacrament has a form? 3325 Whether the form of this sacrament should be expressed by way of assertion or of petition? 3326 Whether the foregoing prayer is a suitable form for this sacrament? 3327 OF THE EFFECT OF THIS SACRAMENT (THREE ARTICLES) 3328 Whether Extreme Unction avails for the remission of sins? 3329 Whether bodily health is an effect of this sacrament? 3330 Whether this sacrament imprints a character? 3331 OF THE MINISTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (THREE ARTICLES) 3332 Whether a layman can confer this sacrament? 3333 Whether deacons can confer this sacrament? 3334 Whether none but a bishop can confer this sacrament? 3335 ON WHOM SHOULD THIS SACRAMENT BE CONFERRED AND ON WHAT PART OF THE BODY? (SEVEN ARTICLES) 3336 Whether this sacrament ought to be conferred on those who are in good health? 3337 Whether this sacrament ought to be given in any kind of sickness? 3338 Whether this sacrament ought to be given to madmen and imbeciles? 3339 Whether this sacrament should be given to children? 3340 Whether the whole body should be anointed in this sacrament? 3341 Whether the parts to be anointed are suitably assigned? 3342 Whether those who are deformed in those parts should be anointed? 3343 OF THE REPETITION OF THIS SACRAMENT (TWO ARTICLES) 3344 Whether this sacrament ought to be repeated? 3345 Whether this sacrament ought to be repeated during the same sickness? 3346 HOLY ORDERS (QQ -40) 3347 Whether there should be Order in the Church? 3348 Whether Order is properly defined? 3349 Whether Order is a sacrament? 3350 Whether the form of this sacrament is suitably expressed? 3351 Whether this sacrament has any matter? 3352 OF THE EFFECT OF THIS SACRAMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) 3353 Whether sanctifying grace is conferred in the sacrament of Order? 3354 Whether in the sacrament of Order a character is imprinted in connection with all the Orders? 3355 Whether the character of Order presupposes the baptismal character? 3356 Whether the character of Order necessarily presupposes the character of Confirmation? 3357 Whether the character of one Order necessarily presupposes the character of another Order? 3358 OF THE QUALITIES REQUIRED OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THIS SACRAMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) 3359 Whether goodness of life is required of those who receive Orders? 3360 Whether knowledge of all Holy Writ is required? 3361 Whether a man obtains the degrees of Order by the merit of one's life? 3362 Whether he who raises the unworthy to Orders commits a sin? 3363 Whether a man who is in sin can without sin exercise the Order he has received? [*Cf. TP, Q , A ] 3364 OF THE DISTINCTION OF ORDERS, OF THEIR ACTS, AND THE IMPRINTING OF THE CHARACTER (FIVE ARTICLES) 3365 Whether we ought to distinguish several Orders? 3366 Whether there are seven Orders? 3367 Whether the Order should be divided into those that are sacred and those that are not? 3368 Whether the acts of the Orders are rightly assigned in the text? 3369 Whether the character is imprinted on a priest when the chalice is handed to him? 3370 OF THOSE WHO CONFER THIS SACRAMENT (TWO ARTICLES) 3371 Whether a bishop alone confers the sacrament of Order? 3372 Whether heretics and those who are cut off from the Church can confer Orders? [*Cf. TP, Q , AA ,9] 3373 OF THE IMPEDIMENTS TO THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES) 3374 Whether the female sex is an impediment to receiving Orders? 3375 Whether boys and those who lack the use of reason can receive Orders? 3376 Whether the state of slavery is an impediment to receiving Orders? 3377 Whether a man should be debarred from receiving Orders on account of homicide? 3378 Whether those of illegitimate birth should be debarred from receiving Orders? 3379 Whether lack of members should be an impediment? 3380 OF THE THINGS ANNEXED TO THE SACRAMENT OF ORDER (SEVEN ARTICLES) 3381 Whether those who are ordained ought to wear the tonsure? 3382 Whether the tonsure is an Order? 3383 Whether by receiving the tonsure a man renounces temporal goods? 3384 Whether above the priestly Order there ought to be an episcopal power? 3385 Whether the episcopate is an Order? 3386 Whether in the Church there can be anyone above the bishops? 3387 Whether the vestments of the ministers are fittingly instituted in the Church? 3388 MATRIMONY (QQ -67) 3389 Whether matrimony is of natural law? 3390 Whether matrimony still comes under a precept? 3391 Whether the marriage act is always sinful? 3392 Whether the marriage act is meritorious? 3393 OF MATRIMONY AS A SACRAMENT (FOUR ARTICLES) 3394 Whether matrimony is a sacrament? 3395 Whether this sacrament ought to have been instituted before sin was committed? 3396 Whether matrimony confers grace? 3397 Whether carnal intercourse is an integral part of this sacrament? 3398 OF MATRIMONY WITH REGARD TO THE BETROTHAL (THREE ARTICLES) 3399 Whether a betrothal is a promise of future marriage? 3400 Whether seven years is fittingly assigned as the age for betrothal? 3401 Whether a betrothal can be dissolved? 3402 OF THE DEFINITION OF MATRIMONY (THREE ARTICLES) 3403 Whether matrimony is a kind of joining? 3404 Whether matrimony is fittingly named? 3405 Whether matrimony is fittingly defined in the text? 3406 OF THE MARRIAGE CONSENT CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (FIVE ARTICLES) 3407 Whether consent is the efficient cause of matrimony? 3408 Whether the consent needs to be expressed in words? 3409 Whether consent given in words expressive of the future makes a marriage? 3410 Whether, in the absence of inward consent, a marriage is made by consent given in words of the present? 3411 Whether consent given secretly in words of the present makes a marriage? 3412 OF THE CONSENT TO WHICH AN OATH OR CARNAL INTERCOURSE IS APPENDED (TWO ARTICLES) 3413 Whether an oath added to the consent that is expressed in words of the future tense makes a marriage? 3414 Whether carnal intercourse after consent expressed in words of the future makes a marriage? 3415 OF COMPULSORY AND CONDITIONAL CONSENT (SIX ARTICLES) 3416 Whether a compulsory consent is possible? 3417 Whether a constant man can be compelled by fear? 3418 Whether compulsory consent invalidates a marriage? 3419 Whether compulsory consent makes a marriage as regards the party who uses compulsion? 3420 Whether conditional consent makes a marriage? 3421 Whether one can be compelled by one's father's command to marry? 3422 OF THE OBJECT OF THE CONSENT (TWO ARTICLES) 3423 Whether the consent that makes a marriage is a consent to carnal intercourse? 3424 Whether marriage can result from one person's consent to take another for a base motive? 3425 OF THE MARRIAGE GOODS* (SIX ARTICLES) [*|Bona matrimonii,| variously rendered marriage goods, marriage blessings, and advantages of marriage.] 3426 Whether certain blessings are necessary in order to excuse marriage? 3427 Whether the goods of marriage are sufficiently enumerated? 3428 Whether the sacrament is the chief of the marriage goods? 3429 Whether the marriage act is excused by the aforesaid goods? 3430 Whether the marriage act can be excused without the marriage goods? 3431 Whether it is a mortal sin for a man to have knowledge of his wife, with the intention not of a marriage good but merely of pleasure? 3432 OF THE IMPEDIMENTS OF MARRIAGE, IN GENERAL (ONE ARTICLE) 3433 Whether it is fitting that impediments should be assigned to marriage? 3434 OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF ERROR (TWO ARTICLES) 3435 Whether it is right to reckon error as an impediment to marriage? 3436 Whether every error is an impediment to matrimony? 3437 OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF THE CONDITION OF SLAVERY (FOUR ARTICLES) 3438 Whether the condition of slavery is an impediment to matrimony? 3439 Whether a slave can marry without his master's consent? 3440 Whether slavery can supervene to marriage? 3441 Whether children should follow the condition of their father? 3442 OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF VOWS AND ORDERS (FOUR ARTICLES) 3443 Whether marriage already contracted should be annulled by the obligation of a simple vow? 3444 Whether a solemn vow dissolves a marriage already contracted? 3445 Whether order is an impediment to matrimony? 3446 Whether a sacred order cannot supervene to matrimony? 3447 OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF CONSANGUINITY (FOUR ARTICLES) 3448 Whether consanguinity is rightly defined? 3449 Whether consanguinity is fittingly distinguished by degrees and lines? 3450 Whether consanguinity is an impediment to marriage by virtue of the natural law? 3451 Whether the degrees of consanguinity that are an impediment to marriage could be fixed by the Church? 3452 OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF AFFINITY (ELEVEN ARTICLES) 3453 Whether a person contracts affinity through the marriage of a blood-relation? 3454 Whether affinity remains after the death of husband or wife? 3455 Whether unlawful intercourse causes affinity? 3456 Whether affinity is caused by betrothal? 3457 Whether affinity is a cause of affinity? 3458 Whether affinity is an impediment to marriage? 3459 Whether affinity in itself admits of degrees? 3460 Whether the degrees of affinity extend in the same way as the degrees of consanguinity? 3461 Whether a marriage contracted by persons with the degrees of affinity or consanguinity should always be annulled? 3462 Whether it is necessary to proceed by way of accusation for the annulment of a marriage contracted by persons related to each other by affinity or consanguinity? 3463 Whether in a suit of this kind one should proceed by hearing witnesses in the same way as in other suits? 3464 OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF SPIRITUAL RELATIONSHIP (FIVE ARTICLES) 3465 Whether spiritual relationship is an impediment to marriage? 3466 Whether spiritual relationship is contracted by baptism only? 3467 Whether spiritual relationship is contracted between the person baptized and the person who raises him from the sacred font? 3468 Whether spiritual relationship passes from husband to wife? 3469 Whether spiritual relationship passes to the godfather's carnal children? 3470 OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIP, WHICH IS BY ADOPTION (THREE ARTICLES) 3471 Whether adoption is rightly defined? 3472 Whether a tie that is an impediment to marriage is contracted through adoption? 3473 Whether legal relationship is contracted only between the adopting father and the adopted child? 3474 OF THE IMPEDIMENTS OF IMPOTENCE, SPELL, FRENZY OR MADNESS, INCEST AND DEFECTIVE AGE (FIVE ARTICLES) 3475 Whether impotence is an impediment to marriage? 3476 Whether a spell can be an impediment to marriage? 3477 Whether madness is an impediment to marriage? 3478 Whether marriage is annulled by the husband committing incest with his wife's sister? 3479 Whether defective age is an impediment to marriage? 3480 OF DISPARITY OF WORSHIP AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO MARRIAGE (SIX ARTICLES) 3481 Whether a believer can marry an unbeliever? 3482 Whether there can be marriage between unbelievers? 3483 Whether the husband, being converted to the faith, may remain with his wife is she be unwilling to be converted? 3484 Whether a believer can, after his conversion, put away his unbelieving wife if she be willing to cohabit with him without insult to the Creator? 3485 Whether the believer who leaves his unbelieving wife can take another wife? 3486 Whether other sins dissolve marriage? 3487 OF WIFE-MURDER (TWO ARTICLES) 3488 Whether it is lawful for a man to kill his wife if she be discovered in the act of adultery? 3489 Whether wife-murder is an impediment to marriage? 3490 OF THE IMPEDIMENT TO MARRIAGE, ARISING FROM A SOLEMN VOW (THREE ARTICLES) 3491 Whether one party after the marriage has been consummated can enter religion without the other's consent? 3492 Whether before the marriage has been consummated one consort can enter religion without the other's consent? 3493 Whether the wife may take another husband if her husband has entered religion before the consummation of the marriage? 3494 OF THE IMPEDIMENT THAT SUPERVENES TO MARRIAGE AFTER ITS CONSUMMATION, NAMELY FORNICATION (SIX ARTICLES) 3495 Whether it is lawful for a husband to put away his wife on account of fornication? 3496 Whether the husband is bound by precept to put away his wife when she is guilty of fornication? 3497 Whether the husband can on his own judgment put away his wife on account of fornication? 3498 Whether in a case of divorce husband and wife should be judged on a par with each other? 3499 Whether a husband can marry again after having a divorce? 3500 Whether husband and wife may be reconciled after being divorced? 3501 OF SECOND MARRIAGES (TWO ARTICLES) 3502 Whether a second marriage is lawful? 3503 Whether a second marriage is a sacrament? 3504 OF THE THINGS ANNEXED TO MARRIAGE, AND FIRST OF THE PAYMENT OF THE MARRIAGE DEBT (TEN ARTICLES) 3505 Whether husband and wife are mutually bound to the payment of the marriage debt? 3506 Whether a husband is bound to pay the debt if his wife does not ask for it? 3507 Whether it is allowable for a menstruous wife to ask for the marriage debt? [*This and the Fourth Article are omitted in the Leonine edition.] 3508 Whether a menstruous woman should or may lawfully pay the marriage debt to her husband if he ask for it? [*This and the previous article are omitted in the Leonine edition.] 3509 Whether husband and wife are equal in the marriage act? 3510 Whether husband and wife can take a vow contrary to the marriage debt without their mutual consent? 3511 Whether it is forbidden to demand the debt on holy days? 3512 Whether it is a mortal sin to ask for the debt at a holy time? 3513 Whether one spouse is bound to pay the debt to the other at a festal time? 3514 Whether weddings should be forbidden at certain times? [*This article is omitted in the Leonine edition.] 3515 OF PLURALITY OF WIVES (FIVE ARTICLES) 3516 Whether it is against the natural law to have several wives? 3517 Whether it was ever lawful to have several wives? 3518 Whether it is against the natural law to have a concubine? 3519 Whether it is a mortal sin to have intercourse with a concubine? 3520 Whether it was ever lawful to have a concubine? 3521 OF BIGAMY AND OF THE IRREGULARITY CONTRACTED THEREBY (FIVE ARTICLES) 3522 Whether irregularity attaches to bigamy? 3523 Whether irregularity results from bigamy, when one husband has two wives, one in law, the other in fact? 3524 Whether irregularity is contracted by marrying one who is not a virgin? 3525 Whether bigamy is removed by Baptism? 3526 Whether it is lawful for a bigamist to receive a dispensation? 3527 OF THE BILL OF DIVORCE (SEVEN ARTICLES) 3528 Whether inseparableness of the wife is of natural law? 3529 Whether it may have been lawful by dispensation to put away a wife? 3530 Whether it was lawful to divorce a wife under the Mosaic law? 3531 Whether it was lawful for a divorced wife to have another husband? 3532 Whether a husband could lawfully take back the wife he had divorced? 3533 Whether the reason for divorce was hatred for the wife? 3534 Whether the causes of divorce had to be written in the bill? 3535 OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN (THREE ARTICLES) 3536 Whether children born out of true marriage are illegitimate? 3537 Whether children should suffer any loss through being illegitimate? 3538 Whether an illegitimate son can be legitimized? 3539 TREATISE ON THE RESURRECTION (QQ -86)OF MATTERS CONCERNING THE RESURRECTION, AND FIRST OF THE PLACE WHERE SOULS ARE 3540 Whether places are appointed to receive souls after death? 3541 Whether souls are conveyed to heaven or hell immediately after death? 3542 Whether the souls who are in heaven or hell are able to go from thence? 3543 Whether the limbo of hell is the same as Abraham's bosom? 3544 Whether limbo is the same as the hell of the damned? 3545 Whether the limbo of children is the same as the limbo of the Fathers? 3546 Whether so many abodes should be distinguished? 3547 OF THE QUALITY OF THE SOUL AFTER LEAVING THE BODY, AND OF THE PUNISHMENT INFLICTED ON IT BY MATERIAL FIRE (THREE ARTICLES) 3548 Whether the sensitive powers remain in the separated soul? [*Cf. FP, Q , A ] 3549 Whether the acts of the sensitive powers remain in the separated soul? 3550 Whether the separated soul can suffer from a bodily fire? 3551 OF THE SUFFRAGES FOR THE DEAD (FOURTEEN ARTICLES) 3552 Whether the suffrages of one person can profit others? 3553 Whether the dead can be assisted by the works of the living? 3554 Whether suffrages performed by sinners profit the dead? 3555 Whether suffrages offered by the living for the dead profit those who offer them? 3556 Whether suffrages profit those who are in hell? 3557 Whether suffrages profit those who are in purgatory? 3558 Whether suffrages avail the children who are in limbo? 3559 Whether suffrages profit the saints in heaven? 3560 Whether the prayers of the Church, the sacrifice of the altar and alms profit the departed? 3561 Whether the indulgences of the Church profit the dead? 3562 Whether the burial service profits the dead? 3563 Whether suffrages offered for one deceased person profit the person for whom they are offered more than others? 3564 Whether suffrages offered for several are of as much value to each one as if they had been offered for each in particular? 3565 Whether general suffrages avail those for whom special suffrages are not offered, as much as special suffrages avail those for whom they are offered in addition to general suffrages? 3566 OF PRAYERS WITH REGARD TO THE SAINTS IN HEAVEN (THREE ARTICLES) 3567 Whether the saints have knowledge of our prayers? 3568 Whether we ought to call upon the saints to pray for us? 3569 Whether the prayers which the saints pour forth to God for us are always granted? 3570 OF THE SIGNS THAT WILL PRECEDE THE JUDGMENT (THREE ARTICLES) 3571 Whether any signs will precede the Lord's coming to judgment? 3572 Whether towards the time of the judgment the sun and moon will be darkened in very truth? 3573 Whether the virtues of heaven will be moved when our Lord shall come? 3574 OF THE FIRE OF THE FINAL CONFLAGRATION (NINE ARTICLES) 3575 Whether the world is to be cleansed? 3576 Whether the cleansing of the world will be effected by fire? 3577 Whether the fire whereby the world will be cleansed will be of the same species with elemental fire? 3578 Whether that fire will cleanse also the higher heavens? 3579 Whether that fire will consume the other elements? 3580 Whether all the elements will be cleansed by that fire? 3581 Whether the fire of the final conflagration is to follow the judgment? 3582 Whether that fire will have such an effect on men as is described? 3583 Whether that fire will engulf the wicked? 3584 OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) 3585 Whether there is to be a resurrection of the body? 3586 Whether the resurrection will be for all without exception? 3587 Whether the resurrection is natural? 3588 OF THE CAUSE OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) 3589 Whether the resurrection of Christ is the cause of our resurrection? 3590 Whether the sound of the trumpet will be the cause of our resurrection? 3591 Whether the angels will do anything towards the resurrection? 3592 OF THE TIME AND MANNER OF THE RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 3593 Whether the time of our resurrection should be delayed till the end of the world? 3594 Whether the time of our resurrection is hidden? 3595 Whether the resurrection will take place at night-time? 3596 Whether the resurrection will happen suddenly or by degrees? 3597 OF THE TERM |WHEREFROM| OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) 3598 Whether death will be the term |wherefrom| of the resurrection in all cases? 3599 Whether all will rise again from ashes? 3600 Whether the ashes from which the human body will be restored have any natural inclination towards the soul which will be united to them? 3601 OF THE CONDITIONS OF THOSE WHO RISE AGAIN, AND FIRST OF THEIR IDENTITY (THREE ARTICLES) 3602 Whether in the resurrection the soul will be reunited to the same identical body? 3603 Whether it will be identically the same man that shall rise again? 3604 Whether the ashes of the human body must needs, by the resurrection, return to the same parts of the body that were dissolved into them? 3605 OF THE INTEGRITY OF THE BODIES IN THE RESURRECTION (FIVE ARTICLES) 3606 Whether all the members of the human body will rise again? 3607 Whether the hair and nails will rise again in the human body? 3608 Whether the humors will rise again in the body? 3609 Whether whatever in the body belonged to the truth of human nature will rise again in it? 3610 Whether whatever was materially in a man's members will all rise again? 3611 OF THE QUALITY OF THOSE WHO RISE AGAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 3612 Whether all will rise again of the same age? 3613 Whether all will rise again of the same stature? 3614 Whether all will rise again of the male sex? 3615 Whether all will rise again to animal life so as to exercise the functions of nutrition and generation? 3616 OF THE IMPASSIBILITY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED AFTER THEIR RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 3617 Whether the bodies of the saints will be impassible after the resurrection? 3618 Whether all will be equally impassible? 3619 Whether impassibility excludes actual sensation from glorified bodies? 3620 Whether in the blessed, after the resurrection, all the senses will be in act? 3621 OF THE SUBTLETY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED (SIX ARTICLES) 3622 Whether subtlety is a property of the glorified body? 3623 Whether by reason of this subtlety a glorified body is able to be in the same place with another body not glorified? 3624 Whether it is possible, by a miracle, for two bodies to be in the same place? 3625 Whether one glorified body can be in the same place together with another glorified body? 3626 Whether by virtue of its subtlety a glorified body will no longer need to be in an equal place? 3627 Whether the glorified body, by reason of its subtlety, will be impalpable? 3628 OF THE AGILITY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED (THREE ARTICLES) 3629 Whether the glorified bodies will be agile? 3630 Whether the saints will never use their agility for the purpose of movement? 3631 Whether the movement of the saints will be instantaneous? 3632 OF THE CLARITY OF THE BEATIFIED BODIES (THREE ARTICLES) 3633 Whether clarity is becoming to the glorified body? 3634 Whether the clarity of the glorified body is visible to the non-glorified eye? 3635 Whether a glorified body will be necessarily seen by a non-glorified body? 3636 OF THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE BODIES OF THE DAMNED WILL RISE AGAIN (THREE ARTICLES) 3637 Whether the bodies of the damned will rise again with their deformities? 3638 Whether the bodies of the damned will be incorruptible? 3639 Whether the bodies of the damned will be impassible? 3640 TREATISE ON THE LAST THINGS (QQ -99)OF THE KNOWLEDGE WHICH, AFTER RISING AGAIN, MEN WILL HAVE AT THE JUDGMENT 3641 Whether after the resurrection every one will know what sins he has committed? 3642 Whether every one will be able to read all that is in another's conscience? 3643 Whether all merits and demerits, one's own as well as those of others, will be seen by anyone at a single glance? 3644 OF THE GENERAL JUDGMENT, AS TO THE TIME AND PLACE AT WHICH IT WILL BE (FOUR ARTICLES) 3645 Whether there will be a general judgment? 3646 Whether the judgment will take place by word of mouth? 3647 Whether the time of the future judgment is unknown? 3648 Whether the judgment will take place in the valley of Josaphat? 3649 OF THOSE WHO WILL JUDGE AND OF THOSE WHO WILL BE JUDGED AT THE GENERAL JUDGMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) 3650 Whether any men will judge together with Christ? 3651 Whether the judicial power corresponds to voluntary poverty? 3652 Whether the angels will judge? 3653 Whether the demons will carry out the sentence of the Judge on the damned? 3654 Whether all men will be present at the judgment? 3655 Whether the good will be judged at the judgment? 3656 Whether the wicked will be judged? 3657 Whether at the coming judgment the angels will be judged? 3658 OF THE FORM OF THE JUDGE IN COMING TO THE JUDGMENT (THREE ARTICLES) 3659 Whether Christ will judge under the form of His humanity? 3660 Whether at the judgment Christ will appear in His glorified humanity? 3661 Whether the Godhead can be seen by the wicked without joy? 3662 OF THE QUALITY OF THE WORLD AFTER THE JUDGMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) 3663 Whether the world will be renewed? 3664 Whether the movement of the heavenly bodies will cease? 3665 Whether the brightness of the heavenly bodies will be increased at this renewal? 3666 Whether the elements will be renewed by an addition of brightness? 3667 Whether the plants and animals will remain in this renewal? 3668 OF THE VISION OF THE DIVINE ESSENCE IN REFERENCE TO THE BLESSED* (THREE ARTICLES) [*Cf. FP, Q ] 3669 Whether the human intellect can attain to the vision of God in His essence? 3670 Whether after the resurrection the saints will see God with the eyes of the body? [*Cf. FP, Q , A ] 3671 Whether the saints, seeing God, see all that God sees? [*Cf. FP, Q , AA ,8] 3672 OF THE HAPPINESS OF THE SAINTS AND THEIR MANSIONS (THREE ARTICLES) 3673 Whether the happiness of the saints will be greater after the judgment than before? 3674 Whether the degrees of beatitude should be called mansions? 3675 Whether the various mansions are distinguished according to the various degrees of charity? 3676 OF THE RELATIONS OF THE SAINTS TOWARDS THE DAMNED (THREE ARTICLES) 3677 Whether the blessed in heaven will see the sufferings of the damned? 3678 Whether the blessed pity the unhappiness of the damned? 3679 Whether the blessed rejoice in the punishment of the wicked? 3680 OF THE GIFTS* OF THE BLESSED (FIVE ARTICLES) [*The Latin 'dos' signifies a dowry.] 3681 Whether any gifts should be assigned as dowry to the blessed? 3682 Whether the dowry is the same as beatitude*? [*Cf. FP, Q , A , ad 1; FS, Q , A ] 3683 Whether it is fitting that Christ should receive a dowry? 3684 Whether the angels receive the dowries? 3685 Whether three dowries of the soul are suitably assigned? 3686 OF THE AUREOLES (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) 3687 Whether the aureole is the same as the essential reward which is called the aurea? 3688 Whether the aureole differs from the fruit? 3689 Whether a fruit is due to the virtue of continence alone? 3690 Whether three fruits are fittingly assigned to the three parts of continence? 3691 Whether an aureole is due on account of virginity? 3692 Whether an aureole is due to martyrs? 3693 Whether an aureole is due to doctors? 3694 Whether an aureole is due to Christ? 3695 Whether an aureole is due to the angels? 3696 Whether an aureole is also due to the body? 3697 Whether three aureoles are fittingly assigned, those of virgins, of martyrs, and of doctors? 3698 Whether the virgin's aureole is the greatest of all? 3699 Whether one person has an aureole more excellently than another person? 3700 OF THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DAMNED (SEVEN ARTICLES) 3701 Whether in hell the damned are tormented by the sole punishment of fire? 3702 Whether the worm of the damned is corporeal? 3703 Whether the weeping of the damned will be corporeal? 3704 Whether the damned are in material darkness? 3705 Whether the fire of hell will be corporeal? 3706 Whether the fire of hell is of the same species as ours? 3707 Whether the fire of hell is beneath the earth? 3708 OF THE WILL AND INTELLECT OF THE DAMNED (NINE ARTICLES) 3709 Whether every act of will in the damned is evil? 3710 Whether the damned repent of the evil they have done? 3711 Whether the damned by right and deliberate reason would wish not to be? 3712 Whether in hell the damned would wish others were damned who are not damned? 3713 Whether the damned hate God? 3714 Whether the damned demerit? 3715 Whether the damned can make use of the knowledge they had in this world? [*Cf. FP, Q ] 3716 Whether the damned will ever think of God? 3717 Whether the damned see the glory of the blessed? 3718 OF GOD'S MERCY AND JUSTICE TOWARDS THE DAMNED (FIVE ARTICLES) 3719 Whether by Divine justice an eternal punishment is inflicted on sinners? [*Cf. FS, Q , AA ,4] 3720 Whether by God's mercy all punishment of the damned, both men and demons, comes to an end? 3721 Whether God's mercy suffers at least men to be punished eternally? 3722 Whether the punishment of Christians is brought to an end by the mercy of God? 3723 Whether all those who perform works of mercy will be punished eternally? 3724 Appendix 3725 OF THE QUALITY OF THOSE SOULS WHO DEPART THIS LIFE WITH ORIGINAL SIN ONLY (TWO ARTICLES) 3726 Whether those souls which depart with original sin alone, suffer from a bodily fire, and are punished by fire? 3727 Whether these same souls suffer spiritual affliction on account of the state in which they are? 3728 OF THE QUALITY OF SOULS WHO EXPIATE ACTUAL SIN OR ITS PUNISHMENT IN PURGATORY (SIX ARTICLES) 3729 Whether the pains of Purgatory surpass all the temporal pains of this life? 3730 Whether this punishment is voluntary? 3731 Whether the soul in Purgatory are punished by the demons? 3732 Whether venial sin is expiated by the pains of Purgatory as regards the guilt? 3733 Whether the fire of Purgatory delivers from the debt of punishment? 3734 Whether one person is delivered from this punishment sooner than another? 3735 Whether there is a Purgatory after this life? 3736 Whether it is the same place where souls are cleansed, and the damned punished?