Section 12

Older Eastern Patriarchates

Before 1500, Turkish rulers treated Christians as social and legal entities.

The Ruthenians, largely Russian stock, formerly Orthodox

A nationalistic reaction drove out the missionaries and served the Roman connexion

The connexion had been made during the Crusades of 1516.

The Church in Russia

Ivan (John) IV, “the Terrible” (1530-1584)

The Poles and Lutheranians held lands, members of the Orthodox Church

Under Polish leadership made the two peoples an even greater menace to Moscow

Ivan IV would destroy monasteries and then found new ones.

Internal Dissensions

The translations and matters of form lead to disruption of the Church

In 1551, the Soglar decided in favor of the double instead of triple repetition.

In 1518 Maxim, a monk, revised the translations of some of the service books.

Judiazers had regarded Christ as merely a created man.

Other Dissident Movements

The Khlysty, who called themselves the people of God

Founder was a peasant, Daniel Filippov

The Khlystys held that there were many incarnations of Christs, of whom Jesus Christ was merely one.

The Dukhobors and Molokans were in existence at this time.

The Great Division

The rise of Protestantism was aided by nationalism.

Those who refused to conform were known as the Old Ritualists.

Schism is a general term which applied to all who withdrew from the Orthodox Church.

The old believers were rebels against the upper ranks of hierarchy.

Changes under Peter the Great

Peter made the Church distinctly subordinate to the State.

His changes aroused opposition amont the conservatives.

He insisted that the Church keep out of civil affairs.

Peter’s faith was not in full accord with the Orthodox Church.