Section 10

Catholic Reformation in Spain

Charles V restored religious unity.

The Society of Jesus, the chief driving force

Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556)

Francis Xavier (1506-1552)

Peter Canisius (1531-1597)

The most expression and instrument of the Catholic movement

Were soldiers of God

Great Spanish Mystics

Mysticism characterized thousands of Spaniards.

Was a form of Quietism

Francisco Garcia Ximenes de Cisneros (1455-1510)

Teresa of Avila (1515-1582)

John of the Cross (1542-1605)

Established reformed Carmelite houses for men

They went from monastery to monastery, strengthening the brethren.

Reformation captures the Papacy

Alexander VI brought Papacy to lowest point.

Popes were confronted by the Ottoman Turks.

Christendom against Moslems divided Europe.

Faced with a rising tide of nationalism headed by monarchs building total control

Military weak, Popes attempted to play off one monarch against another.

Further progress

Decrees of the Council of Trent were made mandatory.

A catechism was compiled.

Papal administrative control of the church was blocked by the crown and national particularism.

The missal and breviary were reworked.

A central teaching institution, the Roman College, later the Gregorian University, was founded, Jesuits lectured

Reformation in Germany

Peter Canisus, an early Jesuits

Duke Albert V of Balvaria (1550-1579)

Clergy trained by them

Jesuits and youths forbidden to attend Protestant Universities

Reformation in Switzerland

the Jesuits and Capuchins headed

Archbishop of Milan

Made journeys into mountain valleys

Improved the quality of Catholic life

Reformation in Poland

Stanislas Hosius, studied in Italy

The king, Sigismund II, enforced Trentine decrees.

In 1549 became Bishop of Chelmno

The first Polish Jesuit college was founded in 1565.