Concerning the Place Names in Sacred Scripture

Concerning the Place Names in Sacred Scripture

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SECTION E

GENESIS 397. Edem (Eden). Genesis 2:8; K. 80:20; L. 259:95. Outside the normal limits of the Holy Land just as each first entry in the previous alphabetic sections. The etymology is not introduced as Hexaplaric material, but is from Aquila. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Eden, pleasure or delicacies or embellishments" (65). 398. Eueilat (Euila). Genesis 2:11f.; K. 80:22; L. 259:95. Textual variants: Euēlat (Greek) also Cepene and Cephene (Latin). Also outside the normal limits of the Holy Land (Genesis 10:29, 25:18). The Latin has Hebrew etymology as explanation of the Scriptural annotation. The quotation is from Josephus' Antiquities I, 6, 4 and is repeated in K. 150:15 and K. 176:15. Phisōn is also Pheisōn (K. 166:7). The Gaion (K. 60:3), Euphratēs (K. 82:7) and Tigris (K. 164:7) are also rivers outside the Holy Land. On Kophenos and Sērias see reference in K. 150:15. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Evila, sorrowing or bringing forth" (65).

399. Euphrates. Genesis 2:14; K. 82:7; L. 259:4. River outside the Holy Land. See previous entry. For rivers of Eden see Note on K. 60:3. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Euphrates, fertile or waxing" (65). 400. Ellasar. Genesis 14:1; K. 82:9; L. 259:6. Outside the Holy Land. Syriac had Telarsar. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ellasar, turning aside of God or his separating" (69). 401. Ephratha. Genesis 35:16, 19; K. 82:10; L. 259:6. Summary of biblical information from I Samuel 10:2, Genesis 48:7 and I Chronicles 2:50, 4:4. Ephratha on the Madaba map may be separated from Bēthleem (K. 42:10). But Eusebius may be identifying them here (cp. K. 172:5). The Tomb of Rachel is located differently in the Greek and Latin texts. The Syriac text and the Latin agree with "tribe of Iuda" but Syriac omits Benjamim. Some doubt if Rachel died here rather than north near Ramah. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Efratha, fruitfulness or dust" (65).

EXODUS 402. Eirōth (Iroth). Exodus 14:2; K. 82:16; L. 259:13. Outside the normal limits of the Onomasticon's Holy Land. Only a "place" not even a station. NUMBERS AND DEUTERONOMY 403. Empurismos (Conflagration. i.e., empurismos). Numbers 11:3; K. 82:19; L. 259:16. Another "place" rather than a station. The Latin does not have this as a proper name by transliteration of the Greek or Hebrew, but rather from a translation. 404. Enthaath (Inthaath). Numbers 33:26; K. 82:21; L. 259:18. Simple biblical notation. The b of Hebrew is translated (cf. K. 98:4). Out of order. Probably a gloss. 405. Ebrōna. Numbers 33:34; K. 82:22; L. 259:19. Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ebrona, going over or passage" (K. 81). Out of order. Late addition. 406. Emath. Numbers 13:22; K. 82:23; L. 259:20. Simple biblical notation. 407. Ermana (Errma). Numbers 14:45; K. 82:24; L. 259:21. Summary of biblical information, Deuteronomy 1:44. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Erma, his condemnation" (61).

408. Essebōn. Numbers 21:26; K. 84:1; L. 259:24. Summary of biblical information from Joshua 21:38, Isaiah 15:4, Jeremiah 48:2, Numbers 32:37, and Joshua 21:39. A frequent referent in the Onomasticon. An autonomous famous city in the Roman Province of Arabia from 106 A.D. on. Esbous now Hesban between Philadelphi (K. 16:15) and Madaba (K. 128:19). It had a bishop at Council of Nicea and is being excavated. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Esebon, thinking or girdle of the wall" (81). 409. Edraei (Edrai). Numbers 21:33; K. 84:7; L. 259:30. Eusebius seems to identify this with Adra (K. 12:13) west of Bostra (K. 46:10). It is 24 or 25 miles away. It is also 16 miles from Capitolias on Tabula Peutinger. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Edraim, descent of shepherds" (81). 410. Elealē. Numbers 32:3; K. 84:10; L. 260:33. Summary of biblical information from Numbers 32:37, Isaiah 15:4, and Jeremiah 48:34.

About one mile north of Esbous (K. 84:1) is a site of this large village and nearby Tell el 'Al. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Elale, to the height" (81). 411. Enna. Numbers 34:4; K. 84:14; L. 260:37. Simple biblical notation. 412. Erman. Deuteronomy 3:9; K. 84:15; L. 260:38. Cf. K. 20:9. JOSUE (of Naue) 413. Emekachōr. Joshua 7:26; K. 84:18; L. 260:41. Etymology plus location. Notes taken by Jerome of the problem of popular etymology (cf. K. 18:17). 414. Eglōm. Joshua 10:3, 12:12; K. 84:22; L. 260:45. Biblical information plus location. Greek and Latin disagreement on the distance (cf. K. 24:22 and K. 40:20). Ten is in agreement with K. 24:22 but that is probably not Old Testament Eglon. 415. Enemek (Inemec). Joshua 10:12; K. 84:25; L. 260:49. Hexaplaric information. Hebrew b is translated "in" or En (cf. K. 18:13). 416. Esōr (Esrom) also Asor. Joshua 11:1; K. 84:26; L. 260:50.

Simple biblical notation (Joshua 15:23 and cf. K. 20:1). 417. Enakeim (Enacim). Joshua 11:21; K. 84:28; L. 260:52. Probably a people and not a place as Jerome correctly indicates. 418. Ephrōn. Joshua 15:9; K. 86:1; L. 260:54. Textual variant. For north of Ailia the Vatican manuscript has "region of" Ailia. This appears in both the Bible and the Onomasticon with several similar names: e.g. Ephraim, Ophrah, Ephron, and Aphaerema. Probably the same as K. 28:4 which is five miles from Baithēl (K. 40:20) and to be found at et tayibeh. However, Baithēl is must less than 16 miles from Ailia. In K. 90:19 Eusebius' cross reference seems to distinguish this entry from Ephraim (K. 90:18). In the Ephraim New Testament entry (K. 90:18) it may be referring to the area or province around the village. 419. Edrai (Edre). Joshua 15:21; K. 86:3; L. 260:56. Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Edrai, a flood supports men" (81).

420. Ethnan. Joshua 15:23; K. 86:4; L. 260:57. Textual variants: Ethman (Greek), Ethnam and Ethna (Latin). Simple tribal listing. 421. Ebeziouthia. Joshua 15:28; K. 86:5; L. 260:58. Several Hexaplaric variants are not given. This Greek form apparently confuses the Hebrew conjunction before the Hebrew proper names which begins with a B. Simple tribal listing. 422. Euein (Euim). Joshua 15:29; K. 86:6; L. 260:59. Simple tribal listing. 423. Elthōlad (Elthōlath). Joshua 15:30; K. 86:7; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. Not in the Greek Vatican Manuscript. Latin variant Elolath. Simple tribal listing (cf. K. 98:22). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Eltholeth, to the birth" (93). 424. Ereb. Joshua 15:52; K. 86:8; L. 260:60. Textual variants: Erem (Greek), for the contemporary village Heremetitha and Eremetatha (Latin). Jerome gives the etymology for Daroma i.e. "south." It may be at Kh er-rabiyeh southwest of Chebrōn (K. 6:8). It must be distinguished from K. 16:13, but the Vatican manuscript has noted "this is in Galilee of the nations. Kadesh (for Kana?) of tribe of Nephthaleim, former priestly city."

425. Essan (Esan). Joshua 15:52; K. 86:10; L. 260:33. Simple tribal listing. Vulgate has Esaan. Possibly same as K. 164:16. 426. Eloul (Elul). Joshua 15:58; K. 86:11; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This entry is not in the Greek. The Latin seems to point to the present Halhul just north of Chebrōn (K. 6:8). A Moslem memorial to the prophet Jonas is located there. Probably the Alouros or Alulos of Josephus Wars IV, 9, 6. 427. Eltheke. Joshua 15:59; K. 86:13; L. 260:63. The first part of this entry is missing in Greek but properly emended from the Latin. Textual variant for the contemporary village Theka (Greek). The Greek also lacks note about dependence on Ailia. Greek has 12 miles east and Latin has 9 miles south. It is almost due south at present Tequ but about 12 miles, so both entries seem to be confused even if quadrants are assumed. Latin reflects turn off from main road. Jerome's Commentary on Jeremiah 6 "A little village in the hills 12 miles from Jerusalem which we can still see. But in his introduction to Commentary on Amos, "a town (oppidum) six miles from Bethlehem to the south next to the desert." The Madaba map has Thekoya near Bethsur (K. 52:l). This is spelling of the contemporary site but not the Onomasticon's spelling for the biblical site (cf. K. 98:17).

This records another of several "tombs" or memorials in the Onomasticon. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Elthecem, he brought forth" (93). 428. Engaddi. Joshua 15:62; K. 86:16; L. 260:66. Textual variant Latin for the contemporary city- Engaddia, Engadila. Probably also in K. 68:18, K. 72:26, and K. 96:10. The Aulon is described in K. 14:22. This is another of the "large" villages noted by Eusebius (cf. Notes on 22:9; cp. Appendix II; K. 86:20 and K. 88:17). There are Persian, Roman and Byzantine ruins. Josephus' Antiquities IX, 1, 2 locates it 300 stadia from Jerusalem. Jerome in Commentary on Ezekiel 47:6 locates it on the Dead Sea where the Jordan enters. He also identifies it with Asasonthamar (8:6). It must be the present 'ain jidi. The notation on palms and balsams is also from Josephus where it is called a "city" (cf. I Samuel 24:1ff.). It has been excavated. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Engaddi, well of goat" (93).

429. Esthemō. Joshua 15:50; K. 86:20; L. 261:70. Textual variant Esthema (Greek). Cf. K. 26:11 and Job 21:19 Asthemō. 430. Emekraphaeim (Emecrafaim). Joshua 18:16; K. 86:22; L. 261:72. Simple tribal listing with Hexaplaric information. Emek for "valley" as Gai also several times in LXX and Onomasticon. 431. Edōmim (Edomia). Joshua 18:17; K. 86:24; L. 261:74. The first part of the entry is missing in the Greek Vatican manuscript. Textual variants: Edomaia and Edumea (Latin). This is probably at ed Duma to the southeast. Note that K. 108:21 Ianō is also 12 miles east of Neapolis. Edouma is off main road from Akkrabbein. 432. Erma. Joshua 19:4; K. 88:1; L. 261:76. Simple biblical summary. Possibly same as K. 34:13. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ermon, his condemnation" (93). 433. Ether. Joshua 19:7; K. 88:3; L. 261:78. Textual variants: Ieththira and Malatham (Latin) for contemporary sites. Madaba map has "Iethora which is Iethēra." Eusebius identifies Ether of Simeon with that of Iouda. It is possibly at Kh 'Attir. The Ietheira is probably found in K. 108:3 and K. 110:18. Malaatha is used as a referent in K. 14:3 and K. 108:3. It is south of Chebrōn (K. 6:8) in the Daroma (K. 86:8) at Tell Milh.

434. Eththa. Joshua 19:13; K. 88:5; L. 261:80. Simple tribal listing. LXX has confused the Hebrew here. 435. Elkath. Joshua 19:25; K. 88:6; L. 261:81. Textual variant Ethaē (Greek). Simple tribal listing plus added Levitical city of Job 21:31. Sometimes identified with Tell Harbij. 436. Elkōk (Icoc). Joshua 19:34; K. 88:7; L. 261:83. LXX has Ikak and Iakak. Simple tribal location from Scripture. 437. Edraei (Edrai). Joshua 19:37; K. 88:10; L. 261:86. Simple tribal listing (cf. K. 86:3 in Iouda). 438. Elthekō. Joshua 19:44; K. 88:11; L. 261:86. Simple tribal listing plus added Levitical city (cf. Joshua 21:23). 439. Esthaol. Joshua 19:41; K. 88:12; L. 261:87. Summary of biblical information of Judges 13:25. This and the previous entry are inverted in the Latin text. Latin is in the biblical order but both Latin and Greek are out of order for the next entries. In K. 106:10 it is located near Ierimouth. The 10 miles is too short for the distance to 'Ishwa, but may mark turn off from main road to a lesser road (cf. Saraa also 10 miles north (K. 156:15) and Iermochos (K. 106:24).

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Esthahol, pregnant with fire." (93). 440. Elba. Joshua 19:28; K. 88:15; L. 261:90. Simple biblical summary of Judges 1:31. Out of order. 441. Eremmōn. Joshua 19:7; K. 88:17; L. 261:92. Textual variant: Erembrōn (Greek). The direction "South in Daroma" is missing from Vatican manuscript. Another of the villages inhabited by Jews (cf. Note on K. 22:9; Appendix II; cp. K. 86:16). It is probably the same as Remma (K. 146:24). It is located at Umm er ramamin between Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12) and Bērsaba (50:11) about 15 1/2 miles away. Out of order. 442. Emmathdōr. Joshua 21:32; K. 88:19; L. 261:94. Textual variants: Emmachdōr (Greek) and Chamōth (LXX). Simple tribal listing plus added Levitical city. The Vatican manuscript Emmachdor may have confused this with Emekachōr (K. 84:18). 443. Emath. Judges 3:3; K. 88:00; L. 261:96. Another instance where "foreigners" is transliterated by Jerome rather than translated and identified as Filistines. Simple biblical location (cf. 122:10).

Possibly the same as K. 96:12; cf. 23:30 and K. 90:4. 444. Enlechi (Inlechi). Judges 15:16, 19; K. 88:21; L. 261:97. Textual variant in Lechi (Greek). Simple Hexaplaric data. The Greek has translated Hebrew B (cf. K. 122:16). Out of order. This and next entry are glosses. 445. Eniakebzēb (Inaczeb). Judges 7:25; K. 88:22; L. 261:99. Textual variants: Eniam and zēm. The LXX again has "in" for the Hebrew B and so "In Iakebzēb." Perhaps the same as K. 94:3 (see K. 88:21, a gloss). KINGS 446. Ergab. I Samuel 20:19; K. 88:24; L. 261:00. Biblical summary plus Hexaplaric data. 447. Echela. I Samuel 23:19; K. 88:26; L. 261:3. Textual variant Eccla (Latin) for contemporary village. A different tradition for the tomb at Gabatha (K. 70:22). The site must be Kh Kilah (cf. K. 114:15) where it is 8 miles compared with the 7 here, Keeila. 448. Elmōni. I Samuel 21:2; K. 90:1; L. 262:6.

Out of the biblical order. In Hebrew this means "such and such a place." Jerome repeats his philosophy for a translator rather than a corrector (cp. his preface 3:10f). 449. Esthama. I Samuel 30:26, 28; K. 90:2; L. 262:7. Textual variant Esthma (Greek). Simple biblical note on the spoils (cf. K. 34:13, 14). Probably the same as Asthemō (K. 26:11). 450. Elōth. II Kings 14:22; K. 90:3; L. 262:8. Simple biblical notation (cf. K. 6:16; K. 26:11; K. 36:1 and K. 62:13). 451. Emath. II Kings 14:25; K. 90:4; L. 262:9. These are all the same as Aemath (K. 23:30 and K. 88:20) the present Syriac Hamath (cf. K. 36:10). Jerome in Commentary on Amos 6:2 distinguishes "little Emath" which is Epiphania and "great Emath, which is now called Antiochia." Summary of biblical information from Isaiah 36:19; Zachariah 9:5; Ezekiel 47:16 and Amos 6:2. 452. Eser. II Kings 15:29; K. 90:9; L. 262:14.

Simple biblical notation. Same as K. 20:1, etc. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Eser, falsehood" (65). 453. Enacheim (Inachim) or Enbachein (Inbachim). Micah 1:10; K. 90:10; L. 262:15. Textual variant en bachein (Greek). Simple Hexaplaric information. Another instance of Greek en for Hebrew B. LXX has en Akeim. 454. Enaraba (Inaraba). II Samuel 2:29; K. 90:11; L. 262:17. Textual variant en araba (Greek). Out of order and again as previous entry Greek en for Hebrew B. Hexaplaric information only (cf. K. 12:25 and K. 16:12). 455. Elkese. Nahum 1:1; K. 90:12; L. 262:18. Vulgate has elcessaeus. In Jerome's Commentary on Nahum, Introduction, he knows a little village in Galilaea called Elcesi which has old ruins around it, but this site should be in Judaea. 456. Emakeim (Emacim). Jeremiah 49:4; K. 90:13; L. 262:19. Textual variants: Enakeim (Greek) and Enacim (Latin). Symmachus missing in Vatican manuscript. Simple Hexaplaric information. THE GOSPELS

457. Emmaous (Emmaus). Luke 24:13; K. 90:15; L. 262:28. The identification with Nikopolis (K. 30:26) at Amwas is clearly made here as well as in Jerome's Epistle 108:8 (Paula PPT I, 4). In the Epistle Jerome remarks ambiguously on a church consecrated at the house of Cleopha. A bishop was at the Council of Nicea. Since Jerome, sometimes adds such information to the Greek Onomasticon it is surprising that he does not do so here. "Emmaous" is not on the Madaba map but Nikopolis is. On the Tabula Peutinger it is 12 miles from Diospolis and 19 miles from Gophna. In Itin. Bourd. it is 10 miles from Diospolis and 22 from Jerusalem. The distance in Luke does not agree with this location since it is too near to Jerusalem. Some feel the New Testament text has been changed from 160 to 60 stadia (also 60 in the Vulgate). 458. Ephraim. John 11:54; K. 90:18; L. 262:24.

Cf. K. 28:4 and K. 86:1. The Madaba map has "Ephron and Ephraia, where the Lord went." Probably the Map and Eusebius have the village at Et-tayibeh in mind as the nearest village to the wilderness.

SECTION Z

1 GENESIS 459. Zaphōeim (Zafoim). Genesis 36:43; K. 92:3; L. 262:28. Textual variant Zofoim (Latin). Simple biblical information plus general location. On Gabalenē see K. 10:62. NUMBERS AND DEUTERONOMY 460. Zoob. Numbers 21:14; K. 92:6; L. 262:31. Quotation from Scripture and a biblical location (cf. K. 81:22). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Zoob, gold" (85). 461. Zephrona. Numbers 34:9; K. 92:9; L. 262:34. Textual variant Idoumaia for Ioudaia (Greek). Simple border notation from Scripture. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Zeferuna, you saw this face, from mouth not from bone" (85). 462. Zared. Deuteronomy 2:13; K. 92:10; L. 262:35. The Madaba map has Zarea but the A must be an error for D. One of several ravines in the Onomasticon and of course suspect (cf. K. 168:20). JOSUE 463. Zeiph (Zif). Joshua 15:24; K. 92:12; L. 262:37. Textual variant Zit (Latin). Also in Greek Vatican manuscript this entry comes before the Jēshua division (cp. Below K. 92:15).

2 Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Zif, sprouting" (98). 464. Zanaoua (Zannoua). Joshua 15:56; K. 92:13; L. 262:38. Textual variant Zanaousa (Greek) for contemporary town Zannua (Latin). The village is dependent on Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12) and probably at Kh Zanu'a. The last part of this entry and the first part of the next entry are missing because of the scribal error of shifting his eyes to the second occurrence of Eleutheropolis. It is also out of order and may be a late addition. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Zanoe, he drove back or he threw yours back" (98). 465. Ziph. Joshua 15:55; K. 92:15; L. 263:40. Latin reverses the order of information in the Greek text. The distance is double that for tell Zif but it is more south than east of Hebron. It is southeast of Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12) and could be considered in the East Quadrant. Perhaps the text meant to give mileage from Chebrōn (K. 6:8) but the distance seems to be taken from Eleutheropolis (cf. I Samuel 23:14). It could refer to a second village with the same name in the Negev.

3 KINGS 466. Zeib (Zif). I Samuel 23:14; K. 92:19; L. 263:43. Cf. previous entry Ziph. Region or hill country nearby are intended (cf. I Samuel 26:2and I Chronicles 2:42. Karmelos (K. 118:5) is about 10 miles south of Chebrōn (K. 6:8). It is another village of the Jews (cf. Note on K. 22:9 and Appendix II). It is probably at Kh el Kamel, where Roman fort is found. 467. Zogera (Zogora). Jeremiah 48:34; K. 94:1; L. 263:48. One of the Pentapolis of Sodam (cf. K. 42:4). 468. Zēb. Jeremiah 49:4; K. 94:3; L. 263:51. The Mia of Josephus Antiquities XX, 1,1 and XIV, 8,1. An important battle took place in the area. The site Kh Zeiy is on the old Roman road near es Salt (cf. K. 88:22). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Zeb, wolf" (101). 469. Zōeleth. I Kings 1:9; K. 94:5; L. 263:53. Out of order and not a true place name so suspect as an editorial addition or marginal gloss. The words "spring of Rōgēl" are not in Greek Vatican manuscript (see Rōgēl K. 144:13).

4 In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Zoeleth, dragging or dragging forth" (103).

SECTION E

1 GENESIS 470. Ēlath. Genesis 36:41; K. 94:9; L. 263:57. Possibly related to K. 6:16 and K. 90:3 but that is south southwest not east of Petra (K. 142:7). More probably Udruh which is east at the proper distance. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Elath, terebinth or trees" (87). 471. 'Erōōn (Eroum). Genesis 46:28f.; K. 94:11; L. 263:59. In Egypt and out of the Holy Land proper for the Onomasticon (see Note on K. 58:7). Out of order as well, so doubly suspect as late addition. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Eroon, i.e. heroum, in his form or of sorrowful watch" (68). 472. Elioupolis (Eliopolis, city of the sun). Genesis 41:45; K. 94:13; L. 263:61. In Egypt and out of the Holy Land proper for the Onomasticon (cf. K. 176:3; cf. Genesis 41:50 and Exodus 30:17. 473. Etham. Exodus 13:20; K. 94:15; L. 263:64. Textual variants: Ebuthan (Latin) and Buthan (Syriac).

2 Simple listing of station as Numbers 33:6 (cf. Onomasticon K. 46:4 above). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Etham, complete or respecting ships" (75). JOSUE 474. Ēngannim. Joshua 15:34; K. 94:18; L. 263:67. Textual variant Egannim (Latin). The long E is used here after the LXX. This is a faulty identification. Perhaps the Onomasticon had 'ain Sinjah north of Baithēl (K. 40:20) and Gophna (K. 26:2) in mind. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Engannim, well of gardens" (93). 475. Ēnaim. Joshua 15:34; K. 94:20; L. 263:68. Cf. K. 24:16 above. 476. Ēndōr. Joshua 17:11; K. 94:22; L. 263:70. Summary of biblical information of I Samuel 28:7 and Luke 7:11. The New Testament material must be a later addition here but is not in K. 34:8 (q. v.). Located close to Nain (K. 140:3). If this text is correct in Joshua, 'Andur is the location. 477. Ēnganni. Joshua 19:21; K. 94:25; L. 263:73.

3 Textual variant Eganni (Greek). The one city has only biblical information Joshua 21:29. The other is near Gerasa (K.64:2) perhaps near 'ain jenna or 'arjam (cf. K. 16:21). 478. Ēnada. Joshua 19:21; K. 94:28; L. 263:76. The distance puts Ēnadab at Beit Nettif if miles are measured as the road is here described. If coming the other way, the 10th milestone is from Jerusalem and points to location at 'Beit 'Itab. Neither have anything to do with the biblical site. The Madaba map has an "enetabe" between Diospolis (K. 8:14) and Iamneia (K. 22:10), but that is not this site. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Enadda, accurate well" (94). 479. Ēnasōr. Joshua 19:37; K. 96:1; L. 264:79. Cf. K. 84:26; K. 20:1 etc. LXX has "spring" but again the Onomasticon has Ēn. q.v. also Ain K. 24:15. 480. 'Ērakōn (Ereccon). Joshua 19:46; K. 96:3; L. 264:81. Simple tribal border listing.

4 The Greek perhaps has E for the MT definite article or conjunction wav. (cf. K. 110:10). JUDGES 481. 'Ētam. Judges 15:8; K. 96:5; L. 264:83. Textual variant Etham (Latin). Simple biblical information. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Etam, their bird." (100). KINGS 482. 'Ēla. I Samuel 17:2; K. 96:9; L. 264:86. Textual variant Ēlath (Greek). Simple Hexaplaric information. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ela, curse or self" (111). 483. Ēngaddi. I Kings 24:1; K. 96:9; L. 264:87. Cf. K. 86:16. 484. Ēmath. II Samuel 8:9; K. 96:12; L. 264:90. Another instance of transliteration by Latin of "foreigners" (cf. K. 88:20 and Jeremiah 49:23). 485. Ēnan. Ezekiel 47:17, 19; K. 96:14; L. 264:92. Out of the Holy Land proper for the Onomasticon but part of the Promised Land boundary in Ezechiēl. The reference to Thamar is perhaps properly K. 8:6 with the same prefixed Hazar (cf. K. 14:16). For Thaiman see next entry (K. 96:18 and K. 102:7)

5 The city of Palm Trees is probably Palmyra (K. 100:21) northeast of Damascus (Latin variant has Palmetis). But Jericho also was called by this descriptive phrase (K. 104:25).

SECTION TH

GENESIS 486. Thaiman (Theman). Genesis 36:11; K. 96:18; L. 264:96. Summary of biblical information of Job 2:11 and Genesis 25:15. The village Thafman may be in the same region as that of the princes of Edom (cf. K. 102:7). The distance of 25 miles brings us to Shobek which is 22 miles from Petra. Often thought to be at Tawilan but recent excavation has Iron through Hellenistic remains there and no Roman-Byzantine. The southern region in Hebrew is also called Daroma (K. 26:1); Negeb (K. 136:14) (see Jerome on K. 137:15 and Interpretation of Hebrew Names 44). If this is Thamana the garrison is verified by Notitia Dignitatum (74:46). In Tabula Peutinger Theman. Perhaps the 15 and 5 of the Greek and Latin texts respectively are both scribal errors. 487. Thamna. Genesis 38:12; K. 96:24; L. 264:3. Simple biblical note of Joshua 19:43 and 15:57 The Madaba map seems to be quoting Eusebius, "Thamna where Ioudas sheared his sheep." It is a village dependent on Diospolis (K. 8:14) and one of three villages called "great" (cf. Apbeka K. 22:20 and Magdiēl 130:21). The biblical site has been held to be Kh Tibnē bur some claim to find no Israelite remains so Tell Batashi has been suggested. Kh Tibnah which retains the name has Roman-Byzantine remains and is southeast, that is in the Southern Quadrant from Diospolis and could approximate the location on the crowded map. Others on basis of K. 8:13 and K. 24:5 suggest it is northeast of Diospolis near Remphis (K. 144:28) and Aenam (K. 9:11 etc. cp. K. 70:20 and K. 100:1). Three sites combined in one place.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thanna, forbidding or failing" (73). 488. Thamna. Genesis 36:40; K. 96:27; L. 264:6. Biblical summary of Genesis 36:12. "Another" is out of order and a late addition. Cf. Thaiman as a son of Esau in K. 96:19. DEUTERONOMY 489. Thophol (Thafol). Deuteronomy 1:1; K. 98:2; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. The next three entries are missing in the Vatican Manuscript. This is also the only place where the section heading records "Deuteronomy" by itself rather than all under Pentateuch, or under Numbers. Here entries from Numbers follow one from Deuteronomy and may all be an editorial insertion. Summary of biblical information and location. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thofel, tastelessness" (88). 490. Thaath. Numbers 33:26f.; K. 98:4; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. Simple biblical list of station (cf. K. 82:21). Missing in Vatican manuscript. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Theeth, beneath" (85). 491. Thara. Numbers 33:27f.; K. 98:5; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text.

Simple biblical list of station (cf. K. 82:21). Missing in Vatican manuscript. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thare, investigation or pasture or worthlessness" (85). JOSUE 492. Thaphphou (Thaffu). Joshua 12:17; K. 98:7; L. 264:10. Simple biblical summary. Probably falsely equated with each other cf. Joshua 15:34 Cf. Bēthaphou K. 50:18. Variants Betthaffu and Bethaffu (Latin). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thaffue, apple from a tree not from wickedness or open drum" (98). 493. Thanak (Thaanac). Joshua 12:21; K. 98:10; L. 264:14. Summary of biblical information of Joshua 17:11, 21:25. The Onomasticon's data agree with the biblical location of the important mound retaining its name Tell Ta'anak recently re-excavated. Byzantine city in the plain rather than on the tell (cf. K. 100:10) where it is three, not four, miles from Legeōn (K. 14:21). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thaanach, answering or shallow" (98) and "Thanach, shallow or he answered you" (101) and "Thanach, "he answered you" (K. 113).

494. Thēnath. Joshua 16:6; K. 98:13; L. 265:16. The direction and the distance suggest Kh Ta'na which contains part of the old name. The upper ruin is not far enough to be Eusebius' site Thēna which is at Kh Ta'na et tahta where much Roman-Byzantine remains are found. The Old Testament site may be Kh Ta'aa el foqa. Whether this is related to Silo (K. 156:28) is unclear from Eusebius. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thenath, fig tree" (98). In Vatican manuscript these two entries are conflated. Simple tribal listings (cp. K. 98:7 above). 495. Thaphphoue (Thaffue). Joshua 16:8, 17:8; K. 98:15; L. 265:19. Simple tribal listings (cp. K. 98:7 above). 496. Thaphphouth (Thaffuth). Joshua 17:8; K. 98:16; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. Simple tribal listings (cp. K. 98:7 above). 497. Thekō. Joshua 15:59; K. 98:17; L. 265:20. Cf. K. 86:13. It is out of order of biblical texts (cf. Amos 1:1).

498. Thersa. Joshua 12:24; K. 98:19; L. 265:23. Simple biblical notation. Order of several entries mixed up. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thersa, pleasing which is what the Greeks call satisfying" (98). 499. Therama. Joshua 18:27; K. 98:21; L. 265:25. Simple tribal listing. 500. Thōlad. Joshua 15:30; K. 98:22; L. 265:26. Textual variant Thōdlad (Greek). Simple tribal listing (Joshua 19:4 and cf. K. 86:7 above). Perhaps out of order. 501. Thabōr. Joshua 19:22; K. 98:23; L. 265:27. This mountain is out of order so is suspect as a later editorial addition even if it were a town (cf. K. 118:8 and K. 150:14). All the traditions point to the same as Mt.Itabyrium in the Greek Fathers (110:20). Jerome in Commentary on Hosea 5:1 writes, "Thabor which the LXX interprets Itaburion" a mountain in the plain in Galilaea, "very round and high with all sides equal" (cf. Joshua 19:34). There is some evidence of a late fourth century church on Mt.Tabor. Procopius 1049A quotes our text accurately. Jerome's Epistle 108:13 (Paula Migne PL 22, 889) notes that Paula could see Aermon from here. There and in Epistle 108:13 (Paula, Migne PL 22:491) Jerome remarks on the tradition of the Transfiguration. But Eusebius and Origen are not yet sure which of the two mountains is the Mt. of Transfiguration.

For Diokaisareia see K. 16:13. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thabor, coming light" (98). 502. Thalcha. Joshua 19:7; K. 98:26; L. 265:30. Simple tribal listing together with note on contemporary Jewish town (cf. Note on K. 22:9 and Appendix II) which fits the evidence for Kh or Tell Khuweilife. In Jerome K. 99:27 one variant has "east" instead of "south," but quadrant is acceptable (cf. Sikelak, 156:1). For Eleutheropolis see K. 18:2. 503. Thamnathsara. Joshua 19:50; K. 100:1; L. 265:33. Summary of biblical information of Joshua 19:43. Probably equated with Thanna (K. 70:20) where the tomb is also mentioned (cf. K. 96:24).Paula remarks on "one who is buried in Thamnathsare on the north side of Mt. Gaas" in Jerome's Epistle 103:13 (PPT I, 12). Now identified with Tibne. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thamnathsare, measure of a cover" (98) and "Thamnathares, enumeration of the sun" (101). 504. Thalassa. Joshua 18:19; K. 100:4; L. 265:36.

Out of order and not a place name but a sea and so suspect as late editorial addition. On Madaba map the three names all appear: Salt, Asphalt and Dead. In Jerome's Commentary on Ezekiel 47:6 "Bitter sea which in Greek is called AsphaltLake, i.e. pool of bitumen." Both lakes come at end of sections (cp. K. 172:12). On Zoara see K. 42:1 above. JUDGES 505. Thaanach. Judges 1:27; K. 100:7; L. 265:39. Cf. K. 98:10 above where the distance is 4 miles. Procopius 1061A quotes this entry here accurately except for the name Thennach (cp. Judges 5:19 and Joshua 21:25). 506. Thēbēs. Judges 9:50; K. 100:11; L. 265:44. Summary of biblical information of Judges 9:53. A village dependent upon Neapolis (K. 4:28). In Old Testament times a "city." This is an accurate location from milestones which have been found. It is at modern Tubas. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thebes, a turning around or having an egg" (101) and "Thebes, they were in it or my deed" (109).

507. Thamnatha. Judges 14:1; K. 100:15; L. 265:49. Textual variant Thamnam (Latin) (see above K. 96:24 and K. 100:2). KINGS 508. Thēlamou land of (Thelamuge). II Samuel 3:12; K. 100:17; L. 265:51. Simple biblical notation with Hexaplaric information. A name only in LXX. 509. Thaad. II Samuel 24:6; K. 100:19; L. 265:53. Only a biblical location. A confused entry (cf. K. 34:16 above). 510. Thamsa. I Kings 4:24; K. 100:20; L. 266:54. Only a biblical location. 511. Thermōth. I Kings 9:18; K. 100:21; L. 266:55. Biblical notation and location only. This is probably Palmyra (cf. K. 96:15). 512. Tharseis (Tharsis). I Kings 10:22; K. 100:23; L. 266:57. This is out of the Holy Land proper (Ezekiel 27:25). Josephus Antiquities I, 6, 1 is interpreted in several of Jerome's commentaries as referring to Tarsus in Cilicia (cf. Commentary on Jeremiah 10:6 and Commentary on Isaiah2:16). The LXX interprets it as Carthage (cf. K. 119:12), In Epistle 37:2ff. Jerome repeats his argument used here.

513. Tharsa. I Kings 15:21; K. 102:3; L. 266:61. A confusion in LXX but here a simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thersa, pleasing" (113). 514. Thersila. II Kings 15:14; K. 102:4; L. 266:62. This is out of order and perhaps identical with K. 98:19 above as well as the previous entry K. 102:3 to which this may actually be a marginal gloss. It is located at Tsil northwest of Dera now in the Batanea (K. 44:11). The only contemporary Samaritan village reported in the text. 515. Thesba. I Kings 17:1; K. 102:6; L. 266:65. Simple biblical notation. Elijah is also referred to in K. 162:1 and K. 175:16. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thesbi, capturing or revolving" (113). 516. Thaiman (Theman). Ezekiel 20:46; K. 102:7; L. 266:66. An accumulation of biblical information from Ezekiel 25:13; Isaiah 21:14; Jeremiah 49:7; Obadiah 9, and Genesis 36:11. One cannot help wondering if these are editorial additions when they are so mixed up in order (cf. K.96: 18). Perhaps all Ezekiel references are late since many are out of biblical order in the text of the Onomasticon.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Theman, south" (123). 517. Tharthak. II Kings 17:31; K. 102:11; L. 266:69. Textual variant Tharak (Greek). Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Tharthac, overthrown which is better in the Greek, upset" (118). 518. Thalasar. II Kings 19:12; K. 102:12; L. 266:70. Textual variant Thalassar (Latin). Syria does not occur often in the Onomasticon. It was a Roman province in 3rd and 4th centuries but it is not clear if that entity is intended here (cf. K. 72:15, K. 146:13 and K. 146:19). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thalasar, first weight" (118). 519. Thogarma. Ezekiel 27:14; K. 102:13; L. 266:71. Textual variant Thourama (Greek). Simple biblical reference but also perhaps out of the Holy Land proper and possibly out of order. A suspect entry. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Thogorma, tearing away or a certain kind of people" (133). 520. Thapheth (Thafeth). Jeremiah 7:32; K. 102:14; L. 266:72.

Textual variants: Tapheth (Greek, K. 164:21) and for the other site Acheldema (Latin) and Acheldama (Latin cf. K. 38:20). The fuller's field in K. 38:2. In Jerome's Commentary on Jeremiah7:30 Topheth is the Valley of Ennom which is watered by the springs of Siloe. The name survived for a place or area in the valley southeast of Jerusalem. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Tof gehenna (cf. K. 70:2), or cover of eyes" (128).

SECTION I

GENESIS 521. Iabōk (Iabōc). Genesis 32:23ff.; K. 102:19; L. 266:78. The distance is missing from the Vatican manuscript and several other confusions occur (Deuteronomy 3:16). This is a river and not properly a place name as the Onomasticon. Possibly also it is out of order. Just as the first entry under many alphabetic sections it is highly suspect as a late editorial addition. For Gerasa see K. 64:1. This tributary to the Jordan is the Zerqa. Syriac and Latin agree on the 4 mile distance. The Vatican manuscript added note that some think this is the territory of Job while others say the land of Job is Arabia (see next entry). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iaboc, sand or wrestling" (68). 522. Idoumaia (Idumaea). Genesis 36:16; K. 102:23; L. 266:82. Possibly the annotation of the Vatican manuscript as noted in the previous entry is really a marginal gloss on this entry. Edom is frequently mentioned in the Onomasticon; Idoumaia, less frequently. Petra (K. 142:7) is used as a referent often. The Gebalēnē (K.8:10) approximates the area.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Idumaea, red or earthy" (139). 523. Iather. Genesis 36:40; K. 104:1; L. 266:87. Textual variant Ietheth (Latin). Simple biblical notation. For Gabalenē see K. 8:10 as editor suggests. NUMBERS AND DEUTERONOMY 524. Iatabatha. Numbers 33:33; K. 104:4; L. 267:90. Textual variant Iegabath (Latin). Simple listing of station. This one is out of order suggesting an editor may have added the list of stations (cf. K. 104:23 also). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Etebatha, of goodness or he turned aside to come" (82). 525. Ianna. Numbers 21:20; K. 104:6; L. 267:91. Textual variant has Phasga (Greek) as also the Latin Fasga. Summary of biblical verse to give location. 526. Iessa (Iassa). Numbers 21:23; K. 104:9; L. 267:94. Textual variant Medaban (Latin). Summary of biblical notations from Isaia 15:1 and Jeremiah 48:21, 34 with a very generalized location perhaps on border of the two regions. Vulgate has Iasa, Iassa and Iaser. Perhaps Khel Lirr for the Onomasticon's site and nearby Kh Iskander or 'Aleiyan for Iron Age.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iassa, halved or make a charge" (82). 527. Iazēr. Numbers 21:32; K. 104:13; L. 267:98. Detailed location and summary of biblical information from Joshua 13:25, Isaiah 16:8, Jeremiah 48:32, and Joshua 21:37. Usually Perea (K. 12:28) is used for Transjordan not for the specific province. In K. 12:3 a Iazer is 8 rather than 10 miles from Philadelphia. The Latin omits the "of Palistinē." Did some editor, in his time, know that Perea should not be called Palestinē? Perhaps Onomasticon's location is at Kh sar, but Kh jazzir is biblical site. Others see Tell 'areme as Eusebius' site. All are near present Nau 'r. 528. Iordanēs. Numbers 22:1; K. 104:20; L. 267:6. The rivers as noted before are all suspect in the Onomasticon but this one is in the proper order. The Jordan valley is the Aulon (K.14:22). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iordania, their descent or their possession or seeing judgment" (140).

529. Ietabatha. Deuteronomy 10:7; K. 104:23; L. 267:9. Simple biblical notation (see K. 104:4). 530. 'Ierichō. Deuteronomy 32:49; K. 104:25; L. 267:10. Summary of biblical events including New Testament times (I Kings 16:34 and Matthew 20:29) with incidental archaeological concern. No locations are given. The New Testament data may be an original contribution of Eusebius or may be a still later editor. Procopius 905C says 52 miles to Neapolis. But in 1016A he quotes this entry exactly. The Madaba map follows Eusebius' spelling and location. In Tabula Peutinger it is 12 miles from Archaelaud (K. 45:1) and 32 miles to Neapolis (K. 4:28). A bishop was present at the Council of Nicea. The three cities are not clearly located or identified. The New Testament one was at Tell abu Aliyiq and spread out to the flats nearby and has been partially excavated. The later Byzantine was in the general location of present er-riha extending westward toward Aliyiq. Usually Tell es-sultan is called Old Testament Ierichō. But it has its archaeological problems in spite of being twice thoroughly excavated. Tell es-sultan is for Josephus and the Onomasticon not Jericho but Gilgal (K. 64:24). What the Onomasticon pointed out as Old Testament Iericho is uncertain but perhaps no ruins. Paula however reports as did Josephus that after Joshua destroyed it, up to her time "nothing is to be seen of it except the place where the Ark of the Covenant stood and the 12 stones which the children of Israel brought out of the Jordan" (PPT I, 25). Obviously this refers to Gilgal as the near obliterated Ierichō. Only the site of Gilgal was seen. In the Onomasticon many sites are located in reference to the Roman-Byzantine Jericho region.

JOSUE 531. 'Ierousalēm. Joshua 10:1; K. 106:2; L. 267:18. Adonibezek is LXX form for Adonsedek. A summary of biblical information from Josua 15:63, Judges 1:21, 19:10, II Samuel 5:6, Genesis 14:18 and Joshua 18:28. Identification is made with Iebous (K. 106:7) and Salēm (K. 153: 4). It is also called 'Alōn Orna (K. 34:17). The Greek text on the later entry about Salēm is corrupt. Onomasticon mentions Ailia more frequently than any other name (see Appendices VII and VIII). It is not listed in this entry because it was still a contemporary name. In 135 A.D. Hadrian began the use of Ailia Kapitōlia. Paula writes "entered Jerusalem, the city of three names - Jebus, Salem, Jerusalem - which by Aelius, afterwards Hadrianus, was raised from its ruins and ashes into Ailia" (Jerome's Epistle 108:9 and PPT I, 5). The Madaba map has a recognizable vignette and the "Holy City Ierousalēm." No mention is made to Church (cf. Note on K. 7:13 and Appendix I) in this entry although Eusebius knows of them (Vita Const. III, 31ff.) as did Paula (PPT I, 6). Some think Eusebius' praise of Constantine sermon was delivered in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

Jerusalem or Ailia is often used as a referent in Eusebius and some details are given of its surroundings. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iērusalem, vision of peace" (121). 532. Iebous. Joshua 18:28; K. 106:7; L. 267:23. Simple biblical quote to identify it with the above (K. 106:2). It is out of order and probably a gloss on the previous entry later incorporated by a scribe. 533. Iareim (Iarim). Joshua 9:17; K. 106:8; L. 267:24. Simple biblical notation (cf. K. 114:19 and K. 114:23). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iarim, salt or of the woods" (94). 534. Ierimouth (Iarimuth). Joshua 12:11; K. 106:9; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. The first part of this entry and the end of the previous entry are missing in the Vatican manuscript. The distance is also corrupted with 7 appearing in the Vatican and 4 in the Latin. Some emend to 14 on the basis of Procopius 1020C [cf. K. 106:24 which locates an Iermochōs 10 miles away from Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12)]. If near Esthaol (K. 88:12) it is on the way to Nikopolis (K. 30:27) rather than Jerusalem and must be at least 7 miles since Eathaol is 10 miles from Eleutheropolis. The turn off from the main road may be indicated. Probably Kh Marmita, south of Ishwa is intended by the Onomasticon but it is not the Old Testament site which is probably Kh Yarmuk (cf. Joshua 15:35).

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ieritnoth, fearing death or to the heights of death" (94). 535. Isimōth. Joshua 12:3; K. 106:11; L. 268:26. Biblical information with Hexaplaric data (cf. K. 48:6 and I Samuel 23:19). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Isimoth, he brought death" (82). 536. Iedna. Joshua 15:23; K. 106:15; L. 268:30. This may be out of order. About halfway between the two major referents is Idna, the site which the Onomasticon has in mind. 537. Iekkomam (Ieconam). Joshua 12:22; K. 106:17; L. 268:32. Simple biblical information (perhaps see K. 116:21). 538. Iaeir. Joshua 13:30; K. 106:19; L. 268:34. Simple tribal listing (cf. K. 18:4). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iair, making clear" (94). 539. Iamneia (Iamnel). Joshua 15:11; K. 106:20; L. 268:35. Called a "polichne" and "oppidum" both relatively infrequent terms in the Onomasticon (K. 22:11, K. 10:25 and Appendix I and II). It was made into a municipality by Vespasian. Tabula Peutinger has it 10 miles from Azotus (K. 20:18) and 12 miles from Ioppē (K. 110:24). Its former name was Iabnēl and this name appears with Iamnia on the Madaba map at the generally agreed on location. There was a maritime Iamnia also but that is not the one intended here. A bishop was present at the Council of Nicea.

It is used as a referent in the Onomasticon (K. 22:10, K. 50:16 and K. 72:4). It is the present Iebna. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iabnehel, building of God" (94). 540. Iabeir (Iabir). Joshua 15:15; K. 106:22; L. 268:37. Confused entry probably for Dabeir (K. 78:12). A similar confusion is in K. 78:2 Dayid. 541. Iagour (Iagur). Joshua 15:21; K. 106:23; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This entry is missing in Vatican manuscript. Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iagur, colony or stranger" (94). 542. Iermous (Iermus). Joshua 15:35; K. 106:24; L. 268:38. Just north of Beit Nettif is Kh Jarmuk which preserves part of the name and is about 10 miles from Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12) to the turn off from main road. It is probably to be distinguished from Ierimouth (K. 106:9) nearer to Nikopolis (K. 30:27). 543. Iechthaēl. Joshua 15:38; K. 106:26; L. 268:40.

Textual variants: Iechthael and Iethael (Latin). Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iecthahel, honor of God" (94). 544. Iephthan (Iecthan). Joshua 15:43; K. 106:27; L. 268:41. Simple tribal listing In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iepte, opening or uncovered" (94). 545. Iether. Joshua 15:48; K. 108:1; L. 268:42. Textual variant Malatham (Latin). Eusebius erroneously identifies this with Ether (K. 88:3) of Symeon (Joshua 21:14). Here the information is added that it is entirely Christian, one of two such in the south (K. 26:13). Kh 'Attir is probably this Christian town. Not on the main road (cf. K. 110:18), represented on the Madaba map as a small tower south of Gerara. For Malathen see K. 14:3 and Appendix II. 546. Ianoun (Ianum). Joshua 15:53; K. 108:5; L. 268:46. Textual variant Ianun (Latin). The strange addendum may be an editor's questioning the source. The biblical site is not clearly identifiable but near Kh Gile 'adi with Iron and Persian evidence. But Ianoua is perhaps el Yamun south of Taanach (K. 100:7) about 5 miles instead of 3 from Legeōn (K. 14:21) or Kh Niba with some Roman sherds. The 3 miles may be where one left the main road via Taanach.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ianum, sleeping" (94). 547. Iettan. Joshua 15:55; K. 108:8; L. 268:49. Textual variant Iethan (Latin). Another of the all Jewish towns of the fourth century (cf. Note on 22:9 and Appendix II). The localization points to the present Yatta 6 miles south of Chebrōn (K. 180:25). It is southeast of Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12) but within the Eastern quadrant (cf. Joshua 21:16). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ietta, they will stretch out" (94). 548. Iezrael. Joshua 15:56; K. 108:11; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This entry is missing in the Greek Vatican manuscript. Jerome's notation is obscure. What entry "above" is intended? Possibly 34:11? A marginal gloss? Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iezrahel, seed of God" (95). 549. Iezrael. Joshua 17:16; K. 108:12; L. 268:52. Textual variant Efratae (Latin). This entry is out of order unless confused with the previous one from Iouda. The Greek Vatican manuscript perhaps conflated the two. In the Commentary on Hosea 1:5. Jerome identifies Jezraelem as near Maximianopolis which is Legeōn (K. 14:21). The plain or valley was named after this town. The Itin. Bourd. 1, 19 (PPT I, 17) locates it 10 miles from Maximianopolis and 12 miles from Skythopolis (K. 16:2). This points directly to Zir 'in (cf. Joshua 19:18 and I Chronicles 4:3).

550. Iekdaan. Joshua 15:56; K. 108:17; L. 268:57. Textual variant Iekdaad (Greek). Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iecdom, the people dwelled in" (95). 551. Iephlithi (Ierflethi). Joshua 16:3; K. 108:18; L. 268:58. Textual variant Iefleti (Latin). Simple tribal listing. 552. Iano. Joshua 16:6; K. 108:19; L. 268:59. Summary of biblical information (cf. II Kings 15:29). Very close to Akrabbein (K. 14:7) is modern Yanum which fits the location and retains the sound of the Onomasticon's place name. Just north is Kh Yanum with Roman-Byzantine remains. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ianua, rest" (95). 553. Iamein (Iamin). Joshua 17:7; K. 108:22; L. 268:62. Hexaplaric information. In LXX this is a place name. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iamin, right hand" (96). 554. Iasēb. Joshua 17:16; K. 108:23; L. 268:63. Hexaplaric information. Out of order and doubly suspect as a gloss. 555. Ieblaam. Joshua 17:11; K. 108:24; L. 268:64.

Textual variant Iebalam (Greek). Simple biblical notation (cp. K. 72:24). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ieblaam, foolish people" (95). 556. Ierphēl. Joshua 18:27; K. 108:26; L. 268:66. Textual variant Ierdēl (Greek). Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ierfel, God sent forth" (95). 557. Ieknal. Joshua 19:11; K. 108:27; L. 269:67. Simple biblical notation (Joshua 21:34). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iecnaam, possession of the people" (95). 558. Iapheth (Iafthie). Joshua 19:12; K. 108:29; L. 269:69. Iapheth is said to be the coastal port of Ioppē. Apparently it was sometimes confused with 'ēpha or Sykaminos around Mt.Karmēl. Neither 'ēpha nor Sykaminos are important to the Onomasticon but Ioppē is (cf. 110:24). In Joshua 19 an Iaphia in v.12 and an Iapho in v.46. The former is in Zebulōn and the latter in Dan. The Onomasticon conflates the two in this entry unless they switched loyalty in biblical times. Iaphia-Iapheth is falsely equated with Ioppēe. The identity of Iaphia and 'Epha are not made clear.

Four sites are involved. Iaphia of Zabulōn is not really localized in the Onomasticon. It is probably Yafe near Nazareth. Ioppē was a well known port and referent for the Onomasticon and needed no localization. Sykaminos is located near Mt.Karmēl identified with 'ēpha but Sykaminos is probably south of Mt.Karmēl, Tell es Samak and Epha is north and is ancient area of present day Haifa. Sykaminos is an "oppidum" in Latin (cp. K. 10:25 and Appendix I). Iapho which is probably Ioppē is not mentioned here or in the entry at K. 110:24. But Vespasian made Ioppē a municipality. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iafie, open or exposed or surface" (95). 559. Iephthaēl. Joshua 19:14; K. 110:1; L. 269:72. Simple tribal listing (cf. K. 10:6). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iafthehel, God reveals" (95). 560. Iadela. Joshua 19:15; K. 110:2; L. 269:73. Textual variant Ioudēla (Greek) Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iedala, abuse of the hand" (95).

561. Iermoth. Joshua 19:21; K. 110:3; L. 269:74. Summary of biblical information from Joshua 21:29 and Hosea 5:8 (cf. K. 106:9). 562. Iamnēl (Iabnel). Joshua 19:33; K. 110:5; L. 269:76. Textual variant Iamel (Latin). Simple tribal listing (cp. K. 106:20). 563. Ierōn. Joshua 19:38; K. 110:6; L. 269:77. Textual variant Ierron (Greek). Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ieraon, they will fear" (95). 564. Iethlan (Iethlam). Joshua 19:42; K. 110:7; L. 269:78. Jethela (Vulgate) Seilatha (LXX). Simple tribal listing. 565. Iēlōn. Joshua 19:43; K. 110:8; L. 269:79. Simple tribal listing. 566. Ioud (Iud). Joshua 19:45; K. 110:9; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This entry missing in Greek Vatican Manuscript Simple tribal listing. 567. 'Ierakō (Ieracon). Joshua 19:46; K. 110:10; L. 269:80. Some take "waters" me (mai) as the first syllable of a proper name. Simple tribal listing. This may be the same as K. 96:3, but the Greek may have conflated or confused two Hebrew place names. LXX has "sea of Ierakōn with border near Ioppē." The words border and mountain are quite similar in Greek and Hebrew for mountain is har which could be found in MT harakkon.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ieracon, yellowish which Greeks call jaundiced" (95). 568. Iabeis Galaad. Judges 21:8; K. 110:11; L. 269:81. In K. 32:6 Iabis is a large city, but a village of Iabeis here. Procopius 1049A has the distance 20 from Pella (K. 14:19) and 60 from Gerasa (K. 64:2) which are obviously wrong unless the milestones were taken from other referents than those now in our text. The name continues in the Wadi Yabis. Onomasticon seems to point to Kir Isna or nearby Deir el Halaweh, with the former a Roman-Byzantine site to be preferred. This is not necessarily the identification of the biblical site, which may be Tell Maqlub. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iabes, dry or dryness" (100). KINGS 569. Iaar. I Samuel 14:25; K. 110:15; L. 269:86. The etymology is in the LXX. This is not a proper name in the MT. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iaare, salt" (108).

570. 'Ieramēlei. I Samuel 30:29; K. 110:16; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This entry is missing in Greek Vatican manuscript and out of order in Latin. Jerome transliterates rather than translates the "foreigners." In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ierameheli, God have mercy on me" (104). 571. Iether. I Samuel 30:26; K. 110:17; L. 269:87. Textual variants: Iethoeira (Greek) and Ieththira (Latin). Onomasticon identifies this with K. 88:3 and K. 108:2. 572. Iekmaan. I Kings 4:12; K. 110:19; L. 269:89. Simple biblical notation. 573. Itaburion. Joshua 5:1; K. 110:20; L. 269:90. Cf. K. 98:23. Thabor, perhaps out of order and suspect. 574. Iekthoēl. II Kings 14:7; K. 110:22; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. Interpretative biblical comment (cf. K. 142:7). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ieethel, meeting God or help of God" (116). 575. Ietaba. II Kings 21:19; K. 110:23; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Iothaba, sinning in him" (116).

576. Ioppē. Jonah 1:3; K. 110:24; L. 269:92. Madaba map notes this was the home of Jonah. So also does Paula (PTT I, 4) (cf. K. 108:30 and Joshua 19:46. No details regarded as necessary for a flourishing "oppidum" (cf. K. 10:25; K. 163:6 and Appendix I). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ioppe, beauty" (124). THE GOSPELS 577. Itouraia, Also Trachonitis. Luke 3:1; K. 110:27; L. 269:93. This is the extreme northeast of the Onomasticon. On Trachonitis see K. 166:1. It is related to Basan (K. 44:9) and Batanaia (cf. K. 12:11). Arabia (K. 10:17) is the most frequently used of these geographical names but they are not clearly delineated in the Onomasticon, probably because the lists developed over several centuries of Jewish compilers, Eusebius and later editors and glossators. In the early fourth century there was an important town Maximianopolis not to be confused with the similarly named town in Jesreel.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ituraeae, mountainous; this in Syria" (140).

SECTION K

GENESIS K. 112:2; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. In Greek the sub-division under this alphabetic section is "Genesis" but in Latin it is more correct as "Pentateuch." 578. Karnaeim. Astaroth Karnaeim. Genesis 14:5; K. 112:3; L. 269:98. The large village in Batanaia is one of the two villages of K. 6:4. The probability is that it is Sheikh Sa'ad about 16 miles northwest of Dera near Tell 'ashtarah (K. 12:11). The home of Job is noted in K. 142:3 and such a tradition from pilgrim times continued into the 20th century at Sheikh Sa'ad (cf. K. 76:10) For Batanaia see K. 44:11. The second Karnaia (I Maccabees 5:27ff.) belonging to Ailia perhaps is Ataroth (K. 26:25). Nine miles marks the turn off from main road northwest toward Bethoron from Jerusalem. All these are to be distinguished from Ataroth of Ephraim (K. 26:19) near Bir Zeit. 579. Kadēs. Genesis 14:7; K. 112:7; L. 269:3.

Simple biblical notation. In Hebrew Questions Jerome says "Cades is a place near Petra called the spring of judgment where God judged the people" (18). 580. Kadēa Barnē. Numbers 32:8; K. 112:8; L. 270:4. Textual variant city of Palestinē (Greek) instead of Arabia. This reflects again the uncertainty of editorial additions and of the use of Arabia in the Onomasticon (K. 110:27). Latin combines K. 112:7 and K. 112:8. Some confusion in order of this and the next three entries. A summary of biblical information from Numbers 21:1, 11; Numbers 27:14 and Genesis 14:7. A tomb tradition is here. No location is given other than near Petra (K. 142:7). Procopius repeats the entry in 332D and 1021D. It also is reaffirmed by Jerome in Commentary on Ezekiel 38:23(cf. K. 46:26). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cades, holy or change" (63); "Cades, alteration or holy" (80); "Cadesbarne, selected change or changeableness" (80).

581. Kenaz. Genesis 36:11; K. 112:13; L. 270:9. Simple biblical notation. In Hebrew Questions (44) Jerome equated Theman (K. 96:18), Cenaz, Amalec (K. 16:5) with Idumaia (K. 46:11). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cenez, jealous or his possession" (63). 582. Kariathaeim. Numbers 32:37; K. 112:14; L. 270:10. Textual variants: Kariathieim (Greek). For contemporary site Coroiath and Eoraiatat (Latin). Another wholly Christian town (cf. K. 26:14) is located west of Madaba and probably indicates Kh el Qureiyat which is near the hot springs of Barē (cf. K. 44:22). Mileage indicates turn off from main Roman highway. Must be distinct from Kariathiareim of Jerusalem (K. 14:23). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cariathaim, towns or their city (oppidum)" (80). 583. Kariatharbo. Genesis 23:2; K. 112:18; L. 270:14. Textual variants: Kariathirbo (Greek) and Ceriath arbeae (Latin). Etymological information and identification with Chebrōn (K. 6:8 and K. 170:25). It is out of regular order and probably suspect as addition. See all three entries above.

584. Kanath. Numbers 32:42; K. 112:20; L. 270:15. Vatican manuscript is incomplete here. Textual variants: Cannatha and Chanatha (Latin). Summary of biblical information and generalized location. The village is probably el Kanawat and along with Damascus and Bostra forms the eastern limit of the Onomasticon. In Tabula Peutinger it is 20 Miles from Bostra. Onomasticon confused Nabo (Numbers 32:42) and Naboth (Numbers 32:3, 78 and K. 136:6, 9) and perhaps is too far northeast for the biblical site. The Syriac has this "near Petra" which is an attempted correction getting nearer to Kerak. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Canath, striving after or zealous" (80). 585. Kata ta Krusea (Catatachrysea, i.e. to gold). Deuteronomy 1:1; K. 114:1; L. 270:19. Vatican manuscript adds "Deuteronomy" division marker here. The LXX and Vulgate translate the biblical Dizahab. The area is located by the Onomasticon as near Phainon (K. 81:16 and K. 168:8) in the Arabah (K.12:25) somewhere near Aqabah (cf. Deuteronomy 1:5 and Numbers 33:42). Perhaps Umm el Dahab which retains the sound and etymology. The mines were worked in Roman-Byzantine times as well as earlier. Smelters also in later era.

586. Kadēmōth. Deuteronomy 2:26; K. 114:5; L. 270:23. Simple biblical summary (cf. K. 114:10 below). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cademoth, beginning of death" (86). 587. Kariath. Joshua 9:17; K. 114:7; L. 270:25. Simple biblical summary (cf. K. 114:23, K. 48:9, K. 48:24, and K.172:15). And for Gabaon see K. 66:11. 588. Kades. Joshua 12:22; K. 114:8; L. 270:26. Simple biblical notation (cf. Joshua 15:3). 589. Kademoth. Joshua 13:18; K. 114:10; L. 270:28. Simple biblical notation (cf. K. 114:5). Here "another" is in the proper order. One of six only in the Onomasticon. All others are out of order. 590. Kedsōn. Joshua 21:37; K. 114:11; L. 270:29. Part of this entry missing in Vatican manuscript possibly by scribal homoioteleuton after Roubin. Gloss. JOSUE 591. Kapseēl. Joshua 15:21; K. 114:13; L. 270:31. Note "Iesoue" division here but four previous entries were from that book. Simple tribal listing. Possibly the same as K. 118:10.

592. Kina. Joshua 15:22; K. 114:14; L. 270:32. Simple tribal listing (cf. Tina (K. 164:14)). 593. Keeila. Joshua 15:44; K. 114:15; L. 270:33. Textual variant in Vatican manuscript 17 miles. Probably at Kh Qila today about 7 miles east of Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12) but 7 miles more properly a turn off. The tomb is also indicated as elsewhere (K. 70:24 and K. 88:27). This is also called Enkēla (K. 88:26). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cena, throw a slingstone or arousing him or bearing oneself" (92). 594. Kariathbaal. Joshua 15:60; K. 114:19; L. 270:37. A simple biblical notation (cf. K. 106:8, K. 114:23 and K. 48:24). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cariathbaal, he possessed cities or had possessed cities" (92). 595. Kana. Joshua 16:8; K. 114:20; L. 270:38. Simple tribal listing. A river (cf. K. 114:22). 596. Kabsaeim (Capsaim). Joshua 21:22; K. 114:21; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. Not in Vatican manuscript and out of order. Textual variant Camsaim (Latin).

Simple tribal listing. 597. Kane. Joshua 17:9; K. 114:22; L. 270:39. Simple tribal listing. A river (cf. K. 114:20). 598. Kariathiareim (Kariathbaal). Joshua 18:14; K. 114:23; L. 271:40. Summary of biblical items which are divided into two sections by a location indication. The additions after are perhaps from a later hand (Joshua 26:22, I Chronicles 2:50, Joshua 15:60, and Judges 10:4). Same as K. 114:19 above. Procopius 1024A agrees with the location and distance. In K. 48:24 however it is 12 miles not 9 as here (cf. K. 106:8 and K. 128:1). This location generally points to Qaryat al 'Inab area for the Byzantine site; possibly Deir el Azhar (cf. K. 116:20). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cariathiarim, city or village of the woods" (91). 599. Kisōn (Kision). Joshua 19:20; K. 114:28; L. 271:46. Simple biblical notation (Joshua 21:28). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cison, they drive against or their hardness or joy" (99).

600. Kartha. Joshua 21:34; K. 116:1; L. 271:47. Simple biblical notation, possibly out of order. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cartham, complete a summons" (92). 601. Katta. Joshua 19:15; K. 116:2; L. 271:48. Textual variants: Kouta (Greek) and Cotta (Latin). Simple biblical notation, also possibly out of order. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Catath or Caath, bite or society" (92). 602. Kana. Joshua 19:28; K. 116:4; L. 271:50. Summary of biblical information including New Testament (John 21:1,2 and John1:48). Only a general location is given. The Latin text calls the contemporary town an "oppidum" (cp. K. 10:25 and Appendix I). The Onomasticon equates Kanah with Cana. Kanah of Asher should be near Aidōn and possibly is at Qanah 6-7 miles southeast of Tyre (K. 162:15). The New Testament site is quite older, being in Galilee. It is close to Nazareth (K. 138:24) and Kapharnaum (K. 120:2), according to Jerome's Epistle 108 (Migne PL 22, 889 and PPT I, 15). In Epistle 46 (Migne PL 22, 91) it is very near Nazareth. It is probably to be located at Kh Qana but could possibly be Kefr Kenna closer to Nazareth. A late 4th century church is there.

Some scholars think Jerome's note on greater and lesser refer to Kana rather than to Sidōn. If so, the greater is the New Testament site and the lesser the Old Testament site. However, the text hardly supports this opinion. 603. Kades (Cades). Joshua 19:37; K. 116:8; L. 271:53. Summary of biblical information (Joshua 21:32, Joshua 20:7 and II Kings 15:29). Procopius 1049A has the first part of the entry only. Kydissos probably also known as Cadasa is located southeast of Tyre (K. 162:15) and is still known as Qades in Upper Galilee, north of Safed. 604. Kartham. Joshua 21:32; K. 116:12; L. 271:57. Simple biblical notation. JUDGES 605. Ketrōn. Judges 1:30; K. 116:15; L. 271:60. Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cetron, their darkness or incense" (99). 606. Karka (Carcar). Judges 8:10; K. 116:17; L. 271:62. Biblical summary plus location. No direction is given. If north, it is near Shobek but it could just as well refer to south or southeast area (cf. Kerak sound).

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Carcar, investigation" (99). 607. Kamōn. Judges 10:5; K. 116:20; L. 271:65. The identification by the Onomasticon is probably erroneous for the biblical site which should be in Transjordan. Kammona is near present Qamun which retains the sound of the name and is approximately 8 miles northwest of Legeōn (K. 14:21) and may be the Jokneam of the Old Testament for Iaeip (see K. 48:24 and K. 114:23). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Camon, unprofitable reappearance" (99). The next four entries are all out of order and are not really names of places so are suspect as later editorial or scribal additions. 608. Kisōn. Judges 4:7; K. 116:23; L. 271:69. Simple biblical summary for the Wadi (cf. K. 114:28). 609. Kadēmim (Cademi). Judges 5:21; K. 116:25; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. Procopius 1061B puts these two places together and notes the possible confusion of Kisōn and Kadēmim in the Sisara and Debbōra story.

610. Koilas of the Titans (i.e. valley of giants). Judges 1:19; K. 116:26; L. 271:71. Procopius 1125C suggests "valley of the giants who are called Titans" (cf. II Samuel 5:18ff.). A gloss. 611. Klauthmōn. Judges 2:1; K. 118:1; L. 271:72. Etymological information not customary in the Onomasticon. This and the previous three entries are suspect on various grounds. KINGS 612. Keni. I Samuel 27:10; K. 118:4; L. 271:75. The order of entries in this entire section on "Kingdoms" is confused. Here the Latin identifies the "foreigners" as Pylistii. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Ceni, my copper or my bereaved or passion" (80). 613. Karmēlos. I Samuel 25:2; K. 118:5; L. 271:76. In the Vatican manuscript this and the following item have been conflated. The village still retains its old name at Kermela 10 miles south (not east) of Chebrōn (K. 6:8). This direction in the Onomasticon is obviously an error since even the East quadrant which is sometimes intended in directions in the Onomasticon would not cover the road to Malatha. The "South" is in the entry for Chermel (K. 172:20 and cf. K. 92:21). Near Zeif is the home of Nabal at Chermela. Chermala probably had been fortified by Herod along with Zelph. The garrison is reaffirmed by Notitia Dignitatum (72:6 and 73:20)(cp. Procopius 1020C). Chebrōn is an "oppidum" in Latin (cf. K. 10:25 and Appendix I).

614. Karmēlos. Mountain. I Kings 18:42; K. 118:8; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. The confusion with the above is possible because most mountains are suspect entries in the Onomasticon. The Greek manuscript lacks the first two words. The Latin does not have this entry. Jerome in Commentary on Amos 1:2 sees two mountains: one the home of Nabal, the other near Ptolemais. He repeats this distinction in Commentary on Isaiah 29:17. The home of Nabal near Chebrōn (K. 6:8) is in the previous entry as well as K. 172:20. This item is one of the few entries in the Onomasticon giving borders of the Roman-Byzantine period. The northern boundary of the Province of Palestinē is marked by the mountain. 615. Kabseēl II Samuel 15:23; K. 118:10; L. 272:81. Simple biblical notation not in the Latin text. Perhaps same as K. 116:13. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cabseel, assembly of God" (107).

616. Kedrōn. I Samuel 15:23; K. 118:11; L. 272:82. Not originally a place name entry. The Latin adds New Testament John 18:1 note. Simple biblical location (cf. K. 174:26 and K. 70:2). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cedron, sadness or sorrow" (126). 617. Kurinē (Cyrene). II Kings 16:9; K. 118:13; L. 272:84. Probably outside the Onomasticon's limits for Holy Land. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cyrene, heir" (144). 618. Kōa. I Kings 10:28; K. 118:15; L. 272:87. Textual variant Kōd (Greek). Not in MT, an LXX word. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Caue, endurance or sound of trumpet" (110). 619. Karchēdon (i.e. Carthage). Isaiah 23:1; K. 118:16; L. 272:88. Probably outside of the Onomasticon's limits for Holy Land (Ezekiel 27:12 and cp. K. 100:25). The reference to Hebrew Tharseis is repeated by Jerome in Commentary on Isaiah 33:1 and Commentary on Ezekiel 37:12. The Latin makes the clear identification with Carthago.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Carthaginis, investigation" (120). 620. Kollas Iōsaphat. Joel 13:2; K. 118:18; L. 272:89. Another detail of Jerusalem. The location given is the same as that for the Chebrōn (cf. K. 70:2, K. 118:11, and K. 174:26). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names Jerome adds nothing new. This is possibly only a marginal gloss in the Latin text. 621. Kedam. Ezekiel 25:4; K. 118:20; L. 272:91. Hexaplaric information. 622. Kēdar. Ezekiel 27:21; K. 118:21; L. 272:92. Summary of biblical information (Jeremiah 49:28, Isaiah 21:16 and Genesis 25:13) and a generalized location. The desert of Sarakēnē (K. 60:13) is related to the area of the Ishmaelites by Jerome in his Commentary on Jeremiah 2:10. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Cedar, sad or dark" (130). 623. Kariōth. Jeremiah 48:24, 41; K. 120:1; L. 272:95. Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Carioth, meeting of signs" (126). 624. Kapharnaoum. Matthew 4:13; K. 120:2; L. 272:96.

No special section in this listing for New Testament text. This is an "oppidum" in Jerome (see Appendix I). Localization is general because in Eusebius' time this city at Tell Hum was flourishing. It was two miles from Chōrazein (K. 174:25). There is debate as to whether the New Testament site was here. Paula and the pilgrims visited this site (Epistle 108; PPT I, 16; Epistle 46 and Migne PL 22, 491). Here ends our reading for the letter C i.e. the Greek Kappa the rest are under the letter Chi, which has aspiration in itself and of which there is very little use in Latin. At the end of this alphabetic section Jerome adds another of his linguistic notes differentiating Greek and Hebrew letters and pronunciation.

SECTION L

GENESIS 625. Lasan. Genesis 10:19; K. 120:7; L. 272:1. Simple biblical location. Jerome in Hebrew Questions has "Lece which is not Callirhoe where the hot water pours out and flows into the dead sea" (14). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Lesa, in salt" (68). 626. Louza (Luza). Genesis 28:19; K. 120:8; L. 272:2. Textual variant Louzan (Greek). General directions for Baithel-Louza are correct (K. 40:20ff and cf. Joshua 18:13). The road described in opposite direction in K. 40:20. Site is east and off the main road. 627. Louza (Luza). Judges 1:23; K. 120:11; L. 272:5. This "another" entry is out of order as frequently appears and seems to be a marginal gloss on the previous entry which has been incorporated into the text by a later scribe. The Onomasticon confuses a contemporary, continuing city with the above. The Greek has 9 miles and the Latin 3 miles from Neapolis (K. 4:28). The Latin is probably correct for Luza on Mt.Garisim still known as Kh al-loze. The 9 miles northeast may point to at talluza.

628. Lōtan. Genesis 36:20; K. 120:13; L. 272:7. Textual variant Lōtam (Greek). Possibly a name of a person has been confused with a place. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Loyan, their chain or he was confined" (82). NUMBERS AND DEUTERONOMY 629. Lebōna. Numbers 33:20; K. 120:15; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This and the next entry are missing in Vatican Greek manuscript. Simple listing of station. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Lobna, white or shining white" (82). 630. Lobon. Deuteronomy 1:1; K. 120:16; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This and the previous entry are missing in Vatican Greek manuscript. Simple biblical notation. 631. Lacheis. Joshua 10:3; K. 120:19; L. 272:9. Summary of biblical information (Isaiah 36:2, Jeremiah 34:7, Joshua 15:19). The Old Testament Lachish being re-excavated at Tell ed Duweir is not Lacheis as far as the Onomasticon indicates. The Old Testament site is about four and half miles, from Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12). Tell el Hesi (once identified as Old Testament Lachish) is almost twice the distance as here in the Onomasticon. A Byzantine site at Daweima is about 7 miles southeast and could be the one intended by Eusebius. Near Tell ed Duweir is an el Qubeibe which is more likely intended. Procopius 1020e repeats the Greek material here.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Lachis, it is march or man himself" (95). 632. Lebna. Joshua 10:29; K. 120:23; L. 273:13. Textual variant Leena (Greek). After the biblical summary (Joshua 15:42, Joshua 21:13 and Isaiah 37:8) only a generalized location is given. The Old Testament may be Tell Judeidah or Tell es-Safi. The later is Saphitha for the Madaba map. Lobana is not on the map. Eusebius may see Tell Bernat. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Lohna, dazzling white or tiles" (95). 633. Laserōn (Lasaran). Joshua 12:18; K. 122:1; L. 273:17. Simple biblical notation. 634. Lithos Boen. Joshua 15:6; K. 122:3; L. 273:19. Textual variant Boethou (Greek). The "stone" has been translated into a proper name. 635. Labōth. Joshua 15:32; K. 122:4; L. 273:20. Textual variant Labōn (Greek). Simple tribal listing (cf. K. 52:15). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Lebo, entrance or coming" (5). 636. Lamas. Joshua 15:40; K. 122:5; L. 273:21.

Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Laamas, to iniquity" (95). 637. Labōth. Joshua 19:6; K. 122:6; L. 273:22. Textual variant Laboth (Latin). Simple tribal listing. 638. Labanath. Joshua 19:26; K. 122:7; L. 273:23. Simple tribal listing. 639. Lakoum. Joshua 19:33; K. 122:8; L. 273:24. Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Lacum, to honor" (95). JUDGES 640. Labōemath. Judges 3:3; K. 122:10; L. 273:26. Textual variant Lamoemath (Greek). Hexaplaric information (cf. K. 88:20). Note order shift in these entries. 641. Lesem. Joshua 19:47; K. 122:11; L. 273:27. Simple biblical notation (cp. K. 76:6). Order confused. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Lesem, to name" (95). 642. Louza. Judges 1:26; K. 122:12; L. 273:29. "Another" is frequently suspect but if previous entries are confused this is one of the few in the proper biblical order (cf. K. 120:8, 11 and Baithēl K. 40:20). 643. Lechei. Judges 15:19; K. 122:16; L. 273:32.

Hexaplaric Information. The Latin lacks the first "in jaw" but it may stand for Enlechi and is not a translation (cf. K. 88:21). 644. Laisa. Judges 18:27ff.; K. 122:17; L. 273:33. Textual variant Leisa (Greek). Summary of biblical information and geography (Judges 20:1, Isaiah 10:30. Old Testament Laisa probably Tell el Qadi. Perhaps refers to K. 122:11 and K. 76:6 (Tell Dan) or else to other references to Paneas and sources of the Jordan. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Laisa, lion" (121). KINGS 645. Lemattara. I Samuel 20:20; K. 122:23; L. 273:38. Procopius 1108A has Lamattaran. Simple biblical notation and Hexaplaric information. Hebrew has become a proper name through transliteration (cf. K. 88:24). 646. Ladabar. II Samuel 9:4; K. 122:25; L. 273:40. Textual variants: Lakamer (Greek) and Memphybosthe and Miphiloseth (Latin). Simple biblical notation. 647. Lōdabar. II Samuel 17:27; K. 122:26; L. 273:41. Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Lodabar, the word itself" (108).

648. Libanos. I Kings 5:9; K. 122:27; L. 273:42. A mountain, therefore a suspect entry (cf. K. 18:8). 649. Loueith (Luith). Isaiah 15:5; K. 122:28; L. 273:43. The location is very general. Some identify Loueitha near Mt.Nebo and others nearer Areoplis (K. 10:17). Perhaps still best at Kh Fas. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Luith, jaw or cheek" (121).

SECTION M

GENESIS 650. Manassē. Genesis 10:30; K. 124:3; L. 273:47. Simple biblical notation. Outside of Holy Land proper according to Onomasticon's limits. Procopius 312B says "Massē territory in India is called thus". In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mesa, infrequent water or from the Lord" (69). 651. Mambre. Genesis 13:18; K. 124:5; L. 273:49. Identified with Chebrōn (K. 170:25) and Arboc (K. 6:8) (cf. also Oak of Mamrē in K. 76:1). The "see above" interrupts the biblical information so the later notations after that are suspect (Genesis 14:13). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mamre, division or clear" (69). 652. Madiam. Genesis 25:2; K. 124:8; L. 274:52. Textual variants: Cethura and Cettura (Latin). Greek lacks "near Arnon." Procopius 405A says, "City Madiam extends beyond the Arabian desert, formerly Pharan, to the east of the Red Sea. Whence the Madianites, the people of Madiam, son of Abraam and Chettoura as is clear. Iothor, the father-in-law of Mōuses was descended from Abraam and of the family of Madiam" (cf. Exodus 2:16 and Numbers 10:29). Josephus Antiquities II, 2, 1 reports a town of Madian situated by the Red San "named after one of Abraham's sons by Katura (cf. Jerome's Commentary on Isaiah 60: 6 "now Saba" is added by way of identification. Text does not really locate this city.

The second deserted city near the Arnonas (K. 10:15) and Areopolis (10:17) is perhaps el middin southeast of Kerak. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Madan, measuring or answering" (69). 653. Mōab. Genesis 36:35; K. 124:15; L. 274:59. Genealogical reference to Genesis 19:37. Moab is around Areopolis (10:17) which is also called Rabbath Moab (cf. K. 10:13 and K. 36:24). In Jerome's Commentary on Amos 2:1 "Moab or metropolis of the Moabites which is applied to the whole complete province." In his Commentary on Zephaniah 8 "Moab which is now called Areopolis." Probably the present town of Rabba. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Moab, from the father" (69). 654. Masrēka. Genesis 36:36; K. 124:18; L. 274:62. Textual variant Maasrēka (Greek). A personal name becomes a place name. Located in general Gebalēnē (K. 10:62). The name may be preserved in jebel mushraq. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Masreca, void tax or hissing or dragging" (69).

655. Mabsar. Genesis 36:42; K. 124:20; L. 274:63. Textual variant Masaris (Greek). A large village dependent upon Petra (K. 142:7) in the Gebalēnē (K. 8:10). This may be a bastardization of Bosor (K. 46:11) in Idumaea, not Bostra north toward Damascus. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mabsar, fort" (69). 656. Magediēl. Genesis 36:43; K. 124:22; L. 274:65. A proper name of a person given to a place (cf. K. 124:18 above). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Magdihel, from promise of God or tower of God or God makes me great" (69). EXODUS 657. Magdolos. Exodus 14:2; K. 124:25; L. 274:68. Vatican manuscript lacks the name at beginning of the entry. A station (cf. K. 44:2) with additional biblical information (Ezekiel 29:10, Jeremiah 44:1 and Jeremiah 46:14). Possibly two places are combined in this entry. For Soene see K. 162:16. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Magdolon, how great or tower" (76).

658. Merra. Exodus 15:23ff.; K. 126:3; L. 274:73. Summary of biblical information after etymology. No location given. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mara or Merra, bitterness" (76). NUMBERS AND DEUTERONOMY 659. Mnemata epithumias. Numbers 11:34; K. 126:6; L. 274:76. The MT proper name has been translated into Greek and etymology given. Simple station listing. 660. Makēlōth. Numbers 33:25; K. 126:8; L. 274:78. Simple station listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maceloth, church" (82). 661. Mathekka. Numbers 33:28; K. 126:10; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This entry is missing in Greek Vatican manuscript. Simple station listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mathca, sweetness or satiated" (82). 662. Masourouth. Numbers 33:30; K. 126:12; L. 274:80. Simple station listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maseroth, excluding or chains or succeeding or of discipline. In our codex we read Mazureth" (82). 663. Maththanem. Numbers 21:18; K. 126:14; L. 274:82. This entry is out of order and is therefore suspect.

The location is on the edge of the desert. Kh or Tell el Medeiyineh is approximately at this indicated location and would be the eastern outpost for Madaba (K. 128:19). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mathana, gift" (82). 664. Misōr. Deuteronomy 3:10; K. 126:16; L. 274:84. Simple biblical notation (cf. K. 128:17). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Misor, straight or plain or field" (87). 665. Machanarath. Deuteronomy 3:7; K. 126:17; L. 274:85. Simple biblical notation. The MA may be the Hebrew "from." The LXX also has this form. 666. Madbaris. Deuteronomy 4:43; K. 126:18; L. 275:86. Textual variant Mambrēs (Greek). An etymological entry. 667. Misadai. Deuteronomy 10:6; K. 126:19; L. 275:87. Greek confused the Hebrew R for D. Onomasticon and LXX often make this error. Is this distinguished from K. 176:71? Bible and Onomasticon are not clear. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mosera, teaching or his instruction" (87). JOSUE 668. Makēda. Joshua 10:10; K. 126:22; L. 275:90.

Procopius 1021A includes this same location. Eusebius does not agree with the biblical information on location. He seems to locate it southeast at Kh Beit Maqdum off the main road. Some think the text should read "North." Tell es Safi is northwest at this distance and may be the ancient Makkedah. The Old Testament site is still unidentified with scholarly debate. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maceda, burning or east or antecedent, that is prior" (95). 669. Madōn. Joshua 11:1; K. 126:26; L. 275:94. Textual variant Modad (Greek) (cf. LXX Mōdōn). Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Madon, contradiction or habitation" (95). 670. Massepha. Joshua 11:3; K. 128:1; L. 275:96. A confused summary of biblical information (Joshua 15:38; I Samuel 7:1; Jeremiah 40:6 and Judges 20:1) seems to combine several different sites into this one entry (Judah, Galaad and Benjamin). It is quoted by Procopius 1024A (cf. K. 130:2 Masseba).

For Kariathiareim see K. 114:23.I In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Masefa, watchtower" (95). 671. Merran. Joshua 11:7; K. 128:4; L. 275:99. The identity of this site is not known by the Onomasticon. Eusebius seems to be confused by the similar sound of Merrous (cf. Marous below K. 128:13). The distance is quoted exactly by Procopius 1021D. Probably just east of Dothan (K. 76:13) at Qasr Mahrun, in Sebaste Territory. Dothan is also "12 miles" so perhaps this was turn off to the east. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Marom, high or from height" (95). 672. Mastraiphōth Maim. Joshua 11:8; K. 128:7; L. 275:2. Hexaplaric information. Procopius 1021D notes others call it the water or sea of Massepha (cf. above K. 128:1). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Masarfoth, fire or from the tribulation of the platform" (96). 673. Machathi. Joshua 12:5; K. 128:9; L. 275:4. Simple biblical summary (Joshua 13:11, 13).

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maachathi, cut belly or broken by me" (96). 674. Marōm. Joshua 12:20; K. 128:12; L. 275:7. Simple biblical notation. Perhaps "above" refers to K. 128:15. Most of this entry missing in Vatican manuscript. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Marom, another unpleasant or sadness" (96). 675. Maggedo. Joshua 12:21; K. 128:14; L. 275:9. Textual variant Magsddō (Greek). Simple biblical information. Jerome speaks of the plain of Megiddo in Epistle 103:8 (PPT I, 4). In his Commentary on Zachariah 12:11 he notes Hadadrimmon is in valley of Megiddo. Ancient Megiddo has been well excavated. No indication here is made of its connection with Legeōn (K. 14:21) or the Byzantine name Maximianopolis. Procopius also only summarizes biblical material without location (1048A and 1061A). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mageddo, of his fruit or his disgrace" (96). 676. Misōr. Joshua 13:9, 16; K. 128:17; L. 275:11. Hexaplaric information plus biblical summary (Joshua 20:8 and 21:36). On Meddaba (cf. K. 128:19 and K. 126:16.

677. Meddaba. Joshua 13:9; K. 128:19; L. 275:13. An important referent for the Onomasticon. It is an autonomous city in the province of Arabia between Esebōn (K. 84:1) and Dibōn (K. 76:17). The Valley (K. 128:17) may be the plain from Meddaba to Dibōn. The famous Madaba map is here, recently cleaned and in part restored. There are vast ruins at Medaha. The source of the Madaba map may have been the sketch Eusebius claims to have prepared for this work plus of course the entries of this work itself (cf. K. 2:8 and Introduction). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Medab, hunger of water" (96) and "Madaba, nativity" (96). 678. Mēphaath. Joshua 13:18; K. 128:21; L. 275:15. Two sites combined here. One only a tribal listing. The other a similar sounding name in Transjordan. The second may be Mophath (K. 134:14). A garrison reported by Notitia Dignitatum (81:19) at a place called Mefa. This is near the Syrian or Arabian desert probably at Nefa'a northeast of Esebōn (K. 84:1) which in part preserves the name but it is not pre-Christian in date.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mefaath, motion of matter or from this time" (96 and 127). 679. Maspha. Joshua 13:26; K. 130:1; L. 275:18. Textual variants: Massēma (Greek) and Messafa, Masafa, and Masfas (Latin). Three items are combined in one in Greek. A simple tribal listing (Josh 21:36). A contemporary town near Eleutheropolis (18:12) and another near Aelia (Joshua 15:38). Jerome corrects this to make one separate item of the last. The best identification is Kh Safiyeh just over a mile northeast of Eleutheropolis. The biblical Mizpeh is most complicated and perhaps led to the confusion in this entry as well as in K. 128:1. 680. Manaeim. Joshua 13:26; K. 130:4; L. 275:21. Textual variant Maanaim (Latin). Simple biblical summary with generalized location (Joshua 21:36). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Manaim, camps" (96). 681. Mōlada (Moladab). Joshua 15:26; K. 130:6; L. 275:23. Simple tribal listing (Joshua 19:2). Perhaps same as Malaatha (K. 14:3).

682. Medebēna (Medemena). Joshua 15:31; K. 130:7; L. 276:24. Textual variant kōmē (village) Noeis (Greek). Eusebius makes an identity here which is followed by the Madaba map: "Madebēna which is now Mēnois." He has probably confused two similar Hebrew names with the contemporary site (Isaiah 10:31). Madmannah is in the Negev northeast of Bērsaba and falsely equated with Menois. Madmenah is near Jerusalem but not clearly identified as yet. Menois is 11 miles southwest of Gaza just off the way to Raphia (K. 50:18). Probably it is at Kh Ma'in. It is possible that "near Gaza" reflects still a fourth site that increases the confusion of the Onomasticon perhaps pointing to Maiumas, the port of Gaza. At Menois the Notitia Dignitatum (73:19) reports a Roman garrison which is overlooked in our text. Called "oppidum" in the Latin (cf. K. 10:25 and Appendix I while Greek has Gaza polichne, a rare use (cf. K. 22:11 and Appendix II).

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Medabena, from burden" (96). 683. Magdala. Joshua 15:37; K. 130:9; L. 276:26. Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Magdalgad, tower of pirate or tower of armed" (96). 684. Marēsa. Joshua 15:44; K. 130:10; L. 276:27. The village no longer existed but ruins were identifiable in Eusebius' time just south of Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12) at Tell Sandahannah. No direction is given in the Onomasticon. Only five other villages are in ruins or deserted according to the Onomasticon. Near the Tell is Kh Mar'ash which retains the name. This town was destroyed in 40 B.C. and from then on the site which became Eleutheropolis began to be developed. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maresa, from the head" (96). 685. Maōn. Joshua 15:55; K. 130:12; L. 276:29. Textual variant Manōn (Greek). Also by dittography from above K. 130:10 "it is now deserted" but could be correct information also (cf. K. 134:16).

The tribal entry has only a general localization. Possibly Tell or Kh Ma'in south of Chermēla (K. 92:20) and Chebrōn (K. 6:8). Perhaps border of Daroma (K. 26:10). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maon, little habitation" (96). 686. Marōth. Joshua 15:59; K. 130:13; L. 276:31. Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maaroth, canes" (96). 687. Maddei (Maddi). Joshua 15:61; K. 130:14; L. 276:32. Simple tribal listing. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Meddin, judgement" (96). 688. Maspha. Joshua 18:26; K. 130:15; L. 276:33. Simple tribal listing. Possibly out of order. 689. Machtrōth. Joshua 17:7; K. 130:16; L. 276:34. Textual variants in Greek sometimes ascribed to Zaboulōn or Beniamin. Simple tribal listing. 690. Marala. Joshua 19:11; K. 130:17; L. 276:35. Textual variants in Greek sometimes ascribed to Manassē or Beniamin. Biblical information. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Marala, bitter embarkation" (96). 691. Masan. Joshua 19:26; K. 130:18; L. 276:36. Tribal listing plus biblical information and location (Joshua 21:30).

692. Meeleph (Maeleb). Joshua 19:33; K. 130:20; L. 276:38. Textual variant Methlem (Greek). Simple tribal listing but the Greek confused the Hebrew M of "from" with the proper name. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maalaf, from thousand or from teaching" (96). 693. Magdiel. Joshua 19:38; K. 130:21; L. 276:39. One of the few villages in the Onomasticon called "Great" in the Greek text (K. 22:10 and K. 96:25). Did the size of the town change in the century between Eusebius and Jerome or is it all a matter of relativity? The location is in error. Some Greek texts have 9 miles but the Latin 5 miles is well attested in Greek also. At 5 miles is Kh Maliha which is Migdal Malha of the Talmud. Nine miles brings one slightly beyond Atlit where road could have turn off to mitilia. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Magdalahel, tower of my God" (96).

JUDGES 694. Mosphetham (Mosfethaim). Joshua 5:16; K. 130:24; L. 276:42. Textual variants: Mosphethaim (Greek) and Mosfethain, Mosfetham (Latin). Hexaplaric information which is reflected in Procopius 1060A. 695. Mōre. Judges 7:1; K. 130:25; L. 276:43. Biblical information only. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Mere, manifest or lightened or opening" (100). 696. Mannēth. Judges 11:33; K. 132:1; L. 276:44. Textual variants Mensēth (Greek), Manith (Latin). The geography in the biblical account itself is difficult to understand. The identity with Maanith by the Onomasticon is questionable since it is a battle area not a village. Some suggest Umm el Hanafish but the location is most uncertain especially since the Vulgate does not make the name that of a town but merely translates the Hebrew word. 697. Machmas. I Samuel 13:2; K. 132:3; L. 276:47. Textual variant Machma (Greek). Geographical identity made with present Mukhmas northwest of er-Ram. The distance given from Jerusalem is accurate for this identification.

In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Machemas, submission or misappropriated" (104). KINGS 698. Messab. I Samuel 14:1; K. 132:6; L. 276:50. Textual variant Greek adds Gaba of Saoul. Even though biblical information, Jerome calls this "oppidum." Here he is literally right since it is a fortified town. It is however difficult to consistently relate his use of "oppidum to fortified city" or "shrine with suburbs" in most other entries (cf. K. 10:25 and Appendix I). 699. Magdōn (Magrōn). I Samuel 14:2; K. 132:8; L. 276:51. Textual variant Magaōn in Greek after LXX. Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Margeddon, holding on" (104). 700. Massēpha "of Moab." I Samuel 22:3; K. 132:9; L. 276:52. Simple biblical information. Another of the many biblical Mizpeh's (cf. K. 128:1 and K. 130:1,15). 701. Masereth. I Samuel 23:14; K. 132:11; L. 276:54. Biblical information plus Hexaplaric. It is deserted in the 4th century according to the Latin. Greek may suggest biblical "wilderness."

702. Masbak. II Samuel 8:8; K. 132:13; L. 276:56. The MT is confused but the Greek again seems to have used the Hebrew M "from" as part of the proper name. LXX has Masbach. 703. Mela (i.e.,) Gemela. II Samuel 8:13; K. 132:14; L. 276:57. Textual variants: Malagēmala, Mala ē Gēmala (Greek), Latin has "valley of salts." Hexaplaric information only (cf. K. 72:28). 704. Maacha. II Samuel 10:6; K. 132:15; L. 276:58. Textual variant Malaka (Greek). The text is confused in MT and LXX. It seems as if a personal name has been made into a place name. 705. Mōdeeim. I Maccabees 2:1; K. 132:16; L. 276:59. Out of the order of the text. Madaba map has "Mōdeeim which is now Mōditha home of the Makkabai" located east of Diospolis (K. 8:14). This location fits el Midjeh. The interest in graves is high in our text but possibly not with the original text of Eusebius. The Madaba map alternate name is a late Aramaic name for this most significant site.

706. Mapsar Turou. II Samuel 24:7; K. 132:18; L. 276:61. Textual variants are many and so are suggested emendations. Hexaplaric information. It is the Fort of Tyre (K. 162:15). 707. Masa. I Kings 2:35 and I Kings 9:15; K. 132:20; L. 277:63. Textual variants: Magaō and Magdō (Greek). Simple biblical notation. Difficult to relate this to Megiddo in its present form (cp. K. 128:14). Possibly relates to Hazor (K. 34:18 and K. 90:9). 708. Meebra. I Kings 4:12; K. 132:21; L. 277:64. Hexaplaric information. Perhaps emend to Meeber. A gloss. 709. Makes. I Kings 4:9; K. 132:22; L. 277:65. Simple biblical notation. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Maces, from the end" (111). 710. Melō (Mello). I Kings 9:15; K. 134:1; L. 277:66. Textual variant Melo (Latin). Simple biblical notation plus Hexaplaric information. Perhaps related to similar Millo at Shechem as in Judges 9:6, 20. 711. Maidan. I Kings 9:15; K. 134:3; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text.

Simple biblical notation (cf. K. 132:20). Maidan often used for the eastern country beyond the desert but not here. 712. Memphis. Hosea 9:6; K. 134:4; L. 277:67. Out of the proper Onomasticon's limits of the Holy Land. Summary of biblical information (Ezekiel 30:13; Jeremiah 2:16 and Jeremiah 44:1). On Egyptian sites see K. 58:7. 713. Macha. Hosea 9:16; K. 134:6; L. 277:70. Hexaplaric information. Perhaps same as above. LXX text confused (cf. K. 164:24). 714. Milētos. Ezekiel 27:18; K. 134:7; L. 277:71. This is from the LXX only and is not MT. It is also outside the proper Onomasticon's boundaries for the Holy Land and is therefore suspect as an entry from a later hand. 715. Maribōth. Ezekiel 48:28; K. 134:8; L. 277:72. Textual variant Marimōth (Greek) and Marimoth (Latin). Simple biblical notation plus Hexaplaric information. These are near Kadēs (K. 112:8). 716. Mōrathei (Morasthi). Micah 1:1; K. 134:10; L. 277:74.

The village is northeast of Eleutheropolis (K. 18:12) as in the Madaba map, but the Onomasticon "east" means the quadrant and the road can be located in the eastern quadrant from Eleutheropolis. The map quotes Eusebius. The tomb was known in Jerome's day and was visited by Paula (Epistle 108:14 and PPT I, 15). In Commentary on Micah Jerome notes "Morasthia a little village near Eleutheropolis." The Madaba map notes a church which was built later than the time of Eusebius. The Byzantine site Kh Umm el Basak is not the Old Testament site which is more likely at Tell el judeideh. This is distinct from Marēsa (K. 130:10). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Morasthi, my heir" (123 and 127). 717. Masogam. Jeremiah 48:1; K. 134:12; L. 277:76. Taken from the New Testament Qere reading. Not in LSX Simple biblical notation. 718. Misōr. Jeremiah 48:21; K. 134:13; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text.

This and the next entry are missing in Greek Vatican manuscript. Simple biblical notation. 719. Mōphath. Jeremiah 48:21; K. 134:14; L. n/a; Lacuna in Greek Text. This and the previous entry are missing from Greek Vatican manuscript (cf. K. 128:21). Simple biblical notation. 720. Maōn. Jeremiah 48:23; K. 134:16; L. 277:78. Simple biblical notation (cp. K. 130:12). 721. Molchom. Jeremiah 49:1; K. 134:17; L. 277:79. Textual variants: Melchon and Melconi (Latin). Not an original entry. Other idols are also additions to the Onomasticon (see K. 36:15; K. 58:9; K. 138:19; K. 146:26 and Appendix II). 722. Magedan. Matthew 15:39; K. 134:18; L. 277:81. No Gospel section division indicated here. Textual variant Magaidanē (Greek). Summary of New Testament information. In the New Testament Magedan, Magdala and Dalmanoutha are all related. The Hebrew sound Migdol (K. 130:9) is suspected as background. In Matthew 15:39 there is a region of Magadan or Magdala. In Mark 8:10 it is a district of Dalmanutha located by the Onomasticon as near Gerasa (K. 64:2) but in New Testament times it seems to be in Galilea. The New Testament site is on the west side of the Sea at Mejdel. What site Eusebius had intended is unknown. This is one of three references to Mark in the Onomasticon (K. 64:4 and K. 74:13).