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Ezekiel 36:19 — Word Study

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WLCוָאָפִ֤יץ אֹתָם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּזָּר֖וּ בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת כְּדַרְכָּ֥ם וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם שְׁפַטְתִּֽים׃

BSAI dispersedpûwts themʼêth [scattered, sent in flight] among the nationsgôwy [Gentiles, heathen] and they were scatteredzârâh [dispersed, spread] throughout the landsʼerets [countries, territories] I judged themshâphaṭ [vindicated, punished] according to their waysderek [path, manner of life] and deedsʻălîylâh [actions, wantonness]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 36
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 19 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (she.fa.Tim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 36:19quick helps
In a sentenceGod declares that He scattered His people among the nations due to their actions.
Who is speakingGod, addressing the house of Israel through the prophet Ezekiel.
Where we areIn a passage where God explains the consequences of Israel's unfaithfulness.
The hard wordפּוּץ
Take awayGod's judgment is based on the people's conduct and actions.
6 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbפּוּץ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 36:19

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — God's Judgment on Israelgenerated

18So I poured out My wrath upon them because of the blood they had shed on the land, and because they had defiled it with their idols.
19I dispersed them among the nations, and they were scattered throughout the lands. I judged them according to their ways and deeds.
20And wherever they went among the nations, they profaned My holy name, because it was said of them, ‘These are the people of the LORD, yet they had to leave His land.’
21But I had concern for My holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the nations to which they had gone.

Ezekiel 36:19 describes how God scattered the people of Israel among the nations as a consequence of their sins. This scattering serves as a judgment for their actions, reflecting God's response to their unfaithfulness. The surrounding verses provide context, illustrating the severity of their transgressions and God's concern for His holy name, which was profaned among the nations.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 5:12A third of your people will die by plague or be consumed by famine within you, a third will fall by the sword outside your walls, and a third I will scatter to every wind and unleash a sword behind them.
2Ezekiel 22:15I will disperse you among the nations and scatter you throughout the lands; I will purge your uncleanness.
3Leviticus 26:38You will perish among the nations, and the land of your enemies will consume you.
4Deuteronomy 28:64Then the LORD will scatter you among all the nations, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your fathers have known.
5Amos 9:9“For surely I will give the command, and I will shake the house of Israel among all the nations as grain is sifted in a sieve; but not a pebble will reach the ground.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word פּוּץ, va.'a.Fitzgenerated

The verb פּוּץ (puwts) means to scatter or disperse, indicating a forceful action of breaking apart. In this context, it conveys the idea of God actively sending His people away due to their unfaithfulness.

This verb appears in the Hiphil form, suggesting causation. God is not merely describing the people's situation; He is the one who causes them to be scattered among the nations, emphasizing His role in their judgment.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb is וָאָפִ֤יץ, and I scattered, which governs the entire verse. It is followed by a direct object and several prepositional phrases that elaborate on the action and its consequences.

The structure emphasizes God's active role in the scattering, with the phrases detailing the locations (among the nations and throughout the lands) and the criteria for judgment (according to their ways and deeds).


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates פּוּץ as διέσπειρα (dieseira), which also means to scatter. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning but may suggest a broader interpretation of the action.

The use of the Greek term indicates a continuity in the understanding of God's judgment across cultures, as both the Hebrew and Greek texts convey the seriousness of the scattering.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 36:19 shows how God scattered the people of Israel among the nations because of their actions. He judged them based on their conduct and deeds, highlighting the consequences of their unfaithfulness.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Why did God scatter Israel among the nations?

God scattered Israel as a judgment for their unfaithfulness and the bloodshed they had caused in the land, as indicated in the verses surrounding this passage.

What does it mean to be judged according to their ways and deeds?

Being judged according to their ways and deeds means that God evaluated the people's actions and lifestyles, holding them accountable for their choices and behaviors.

How does this verse reflect God's character?

This verse reflects God's justice and holiness, demonstrating that He takes sin seriously and responds to it with appropriate judgment.

What can we learn from Israel's scattering?

Israel's scattering serves as a warning about the consequences of turning away from God and highlights the importance of faithfulness and obedience.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see the consequences of my actions in my life?
  2. How can I ensure that my conduct aligns with God's expectations?
  3. What steps can I take to remain faithful to God in my daily life?
  4. How does understanding God's judgment help me grow in my relationship with Him?

Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 36:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And I scattered them among the Heathen,.... First by the Chaldeans, in the various provinces of Babylon; and next by the Romans, in the various parts of the world; and in this condition they now are:

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 36 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted it: Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 36 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

My hand scattered them, and what hand can retain the inhabitants that God will fling out? They were driven away, as chaff before the wind. As their ways and doings provoked me, and deserved what I brought on them, so I judged them, and punished them with desolation.

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 36 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 36:19 And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.Ver. 19. And I scattered them among the heathen.] Whose idols they had worshipped, and whose manners they had imitated.

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 36 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

19. The consequences of Jehovah’s wrath—the people were scattered by him among all the nations, Ezekiel 7:3, Ezekiel 18:30.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 36 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

16-24. Before the captivity, Israel, because of its bloody deeds and idolatry (Ezekiel 36:18), was as unclean as a woman “in her separation” (Ezekiel 36:17, R.V.), and for this reason was separated

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 36 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I dispersed them among the nations, and they were scattered throughout the lands. I judged them according to their ways and deeds.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed through the countries. I judged them according to their way and according to their deeds.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I dispersed them among the nations, and they were scattered throughout the lands. I judged them according to their ways and deeds.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed throughout foreign countries. In accordance with their behavior and their deeds I judged them.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

RVARevised Version, American1894

and I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries for according to their wayes, and according to their deedes, I iudged them.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And I scatter them among nations, And they are spread through lands, According to their way, and according to their doings, I have judged them.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And I scatter them among nations, || And they are spread through lands, || According to their way, and according to their doings, || I have judged them.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings did I judge them.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands. I judged them according to their ways and their deeds.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And I scattered them among the nations, and they are dispersed through the countries: I have judged them according to their ways, and their devices.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I scattered them among the different nations and countries. I judged them according to the way they had behaved and what they did.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And I sent them in flight among the nations and wandering through the countries: I was their judge, rewarding them for their way and their acts.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וָandclauseverbאָפִ֤יץI.scatterednoun phrase · objectאֹתָם֙themprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּamongnoun phrasetheגּוֹיִ֔םnationsוַandclauseverbיִּזָּר֖וּthey.were.dispersedprepositional phrase · prepositionalבָּamongnoun phrasetheאֲרָצ֑וֹתlandsclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseכְּaccordingnoun phraseדַרְכָּ֥toםtheir.conductוְandprepositional phraseכַaccordingnoun phraseעֲלִילוֹתָ֖toםtheir.practicesverbשְׁפַטְתִּֽיIobjectםjudged.them

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show significant agreement in the wording of this verse, with seven out of eight words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls reflect a similar message, although some words were restored by an editor, indicating partial preservation of the text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וָאָפִ֤יץ אֹתָם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּזָּר֖וּ בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת כְּדַרְכָּ֥ם וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם שְׁפַטְתִּֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וָאָפִ֤יץδιέσπειραאֹתָם֙αὐτοὺςבַּגּוֹיִ֔םἔθνηוַיִּזָּר֖וּἐλίκμησαכְּדַרְכָּ֥םὁδὸνוְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖םκατὰשְׁפַטְתִּֽים׃αὐτούς

7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mas1da copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

ואפיץ [את׳ם] בגוים [ויזרו] [בארצות] [כדרכ׳ם] וכעלילות׳ם [שפטתי׳ם]

2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 36:19פּוּץand I scattand I scatteredפּוּץאֵתthe object the object markאֵתגּוֹיamong the namong the natioגּוֹיזָרָהand they weand they were dזָרָהאֶ֫רֶץamong the lamong the landsאֶ֫רֶץדֶּ֫רֶךְaccording taccording to coדֶּ֫רֶךְעֲלִילָהand accordiand according tעֲלִילָהשָׁפַטI judged thI judged themשָׁפַטאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתדָּרַךְto treadto treadדָּרַךְעָלַלto abuseto abuseעָלַלגֵּוָהbackbackגֵּוָהזוּרbe a stranbe a strangerזוּרזָרָהto scatterto scatterזָרָהגּוֹיGentileGentileגּוֹימִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁעָצוּםmightymightyעָצוּםמַמְלָכָהkingdomkingdomמַמְלָכָהרִיקto emptyto emptyרִיקפּוּץto scatterto scatterפּוּץכְּנַ֫עַןCanaanCanaanכְּנַ֫עַןמִצְרַ֫יִם(Sea of) E(Sea of) Egyptמִצְרַ֫יִםפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהצָפוֹןZaphonZaphonצָפוֹןשָׁחַתto ruinto ruinשָׁחַתדֶּ֫רֶךְway: roadway: roadדֶּ֫רֶךְ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 36:19

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and I scattered the object marker them among the nations and they were dispersed among the lands according to conduct their and according to practices their I judged them
וָאָפִ֤יץva.'a.Fitz and I scattered H6327 Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect first person common singular
67× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To shatter means to break something into pieces, either physically or figuratively. It can also mean to disperse or scatter people or things, as seen in various Bible translations.
Tyndale gloss
to scatter
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פּוּץ (puwts) primarily means to scatter or disperse, applicable to both people and armies. It can also convey the idea of flowing or overflowing. The noun form מֵפִיץ (mephits) refers to a scatterer. Additionally, it has connotations of breaking or shattering, as seen in related forms.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פּוּץ] vb. be dispersed, scattered

Qal be dispersed, disperse; be scattered, of enemies

Niph.

be scattered, of army

be spread abroad, of peoples

Hiph.

trans. scatter

intrans. scatter

base

מֵפִיץ n.m. scatterer, disperser

base

פּוּץ vb. flow, overflow

base

[פָּצַץ] vb. break (Ar. break, break asunder; Nab. break asunder; Syr. crush)

Pō‛. a hammer which shatters rock.

Pilp. he [God] dashed me in pieces (fig.).

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6327a פּוּץ be dispersed, scattered .be dispersed, disperse; be scattered, of enemies

. . be scattered, of army

. be spread abroad, of peoples

. . trans. scatter

. intrans. scatter

H6327b מֵפִיץ scatterer, disperser H6327c פּוּץ flow, overflow H6327d [פָּצַץ] break (Ar. break, break asunder; Nab. break asunder; Syr. crush) . a hammer which shatters rock.

. he [God] dashed me in pieces (fig.).

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6327 puwts poots

a primitive root; to dash in pieces, literally or

figuratively (especially to disperse):--break (dash, shake)

in (to) pieces, cast (abroad), disperse (selves), drive,

retire, scatter (abroad), spread abroad.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פּוּץ (puts) — to scatter.

1) to scatter, be dispersed, be scattered

1a) (Qal) to be dispersed, be scattered

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be scattered

1b2) to be spread abroad

1c) (Hiphil) to scatter

1d) Hithpael) scatter

מֵפִיץ (me.phits) — scatterer.

n.m.

scatterer

פּוּץ (puts) — to flow.

(Qal) to flow, overflow

פָּצַץ (pa.tsats) — to shatter.

1) to break

1a) (Polel) to shatter

1b) (Pilpel) to dash to pieces

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-1cs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect first person common singular
Hc/Vhw1cs
and I scattered the object marker them among the nations and they were dispersed among the lands according to conduct their and according to practices their I judged them
אֹתָם֙'o.Tam the object marker them H853 Particle · suffix
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Amplified meaning
scattered, sent in flight
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM | Suff — Particle · suffix
HTo/Sp3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I scattered the object marker them among the nations and they were dispersed among the lands according to conduct their and according to practices their I judged them
בַּגּוֹיִ֔םba.go.Yim among the nations H1471 Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
561× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a Gentile, someone who is not Hebrew or Israeli. It can also describe a large group of animals or a nation of people, emphasizing their unity and shared identity.
Amplified meaning
Gentiles, heathen
Tyndale gloss
Gentile
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people

base

גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1471 gowy go'-ee

rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same

root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;

hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a

flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.

see HEBREW for 01465

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גּוֹי (goy) — nation.

1) nation, people

1a) nation, people

1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people

1a2) of descendants of Abraham

1a3) of Israel

1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)

גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.

People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1

§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)

גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.

1) nation, people

1a) nation, people

1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people

1a2) of descendants of Abraham

1a3) of Israel

1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)

1c) Goyim? = "nations"

Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)

גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.

Goyim (Tidgal, king of)

Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
HRd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

na'-shunz.

See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.

and I scattered the object marker them among the nations and they were dispersed among the lands according to conduct their and according to practices their I judged them
וַיִּזָּר֖וּvai.yi.za.Ru and they were dispersed H2219 Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
39× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew verb means to scatter or toss something about, and can also imply diffusing or winnowing. It is used in various forms throughout the Bible, including the books of Psalms and Isaiah. The word has different meanings based on context, such as casting away or spreading out.
Amplified meaning
dispersed, spread
Tyndale gloss
to scatter
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זָרָה (zarah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to scatter, fan, or winnow. It encompasses various actions such as tossing about, dispersing, and spreading. The word appears in different forms, including Qal (to scatter), Niphal (to be scattered), and Piel (to intensively scatter). Notably, it is used in contexts like the scattering of the Israelites and the winnowing of grain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[זָרָה] vb. scatter, fan, winnow (Ar. Arabic cause to fly, scatter (of wind), winnow; Aram. דְּרָא, Syriac; Eth. Ethiopic)—

Qal

scatter, the powder into which the golden calf was ground

fan, winnow

Niph. be scattered, dispersed, of Israel

Pi.

(intens. of Qal) scatter, disperse, esp. of peoples

winnow, sift

Pu. be scattered

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2219 [זָרָה] scatter, fan, winnow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2219 zarah zaw-raw'

a primitive root (compare 2114); to toss about; by

implication, to diffuse, winnow:--cast away, compass,

disperse, fan, scatter (away), spread, strew, winnow.

see HEBREW for 02114

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זָרָה (za.rah) — to scatter.

1) to scatter, fan, cast away, winnow, disperse, compass, spread, be scattered, be dispersed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to scatter

1a2) to fan, winnow

1b) (Niphal) to be scattered, be dispersed

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to scatter, disperse (intensive of Qal)

1c2) to winnow, sift

1d) (Pual) to be scattered, be spread out

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
Hc/VNw3mp
and I scattered the object marker them among the nations and they were dispersed among the lands according to conduct their and according to practices their I judged them
בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹתba.'a.ra.Tzot among the lands H776 Preposition · noun common feminine plural absolute
2,504× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The land or earth refers to the soil or ground, and can also mean a country, territory, or region. In the Bible, it is used to describe the earth and its inhabitants, and is often translated as 'land' or 'country'.
Amplified meaning
countries, territories
Tyndale gloss
land: soil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land

earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)

earth, opp. to heaven, sky

earth = inhabitants of earth

land =

country, territory

district, region

trial territory

piece of ground

specif. land of Canaan, or Israel

= inhabitants of land

used even of Shᵉʼôl

ground, surface of ground

soil, as productive

אֶרֶץ in phrases

people of the land

in measurements of distance

the country of the plain, level or plain country

land of the living

end(s) of the earth

pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)

. earth, opp. to heaven, sky

. earth = inhabitants of earth

. land = . country, territory

. district, region

. trial territory

. piece of ground

. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel

. = inhabitants of land

. used even of Shᵉʼôl

. . ground, surface of ground

. soil, as productive

. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land

. in measurements of distance

. the country of the plain, level or plain country

. land of the living

. end(s) of the earth

. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

776 'erets eh'-rets

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth

(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,

field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.

: country/field

1) land, earth

1a) earth

1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)

1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)

1a3) earth (inhabitants)

1b) land

1b1) country, territory

1b2) district, region

1b3) tribal territory

1b4) piece of ground

1b5) land of Canaan, Israel

1b6) inhabitants of land

1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world

1b8) city (-state)

1c) ground, surface of the earth

1c1) ground

1c2) soil

1d) (in phrases)

1d1) people of the land

1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)

1d3) level or plain country

1d4) land of the living

1d5) end(s) of the earth

1e) (almost wholly late in usage)

1e1) lands, countries

1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan

אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.

: soil

1) land, earth

1a) earth

1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)

1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)

1a3) earth (inhabitants)

1b) land

1b1) country, territory

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural absolute
HRd/Ncfpa
and I scattered the object marker them among the nations and they were dispersed among the lands according to conduct their and according to practices their I judged them
כְּדַרְכָּ֥םke.dar.Kam according to conduct their H1870 Preposition · noun common both singular construct · suffix
708× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Derek refers to a road or path, and can also mean a way of life or manner of action. It is often used to describe a journey or direction, and can be used figuratively to describe a person's character or moral path.
Amplified meaning
path, manner of life
Tyndale gloss
way: road
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (derek) means way, road, or journey, and can refer to both literal paths and figurative courses of life or actions. It encompasses various aspects such as direction, manner, and moral character, often highlighting the nature of one's conduct. The term is used in both positive and negative contexts, reflecting the moral implications of one's path.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ 715 n.m. way, road, distance, journey, manner

way, road, path

journey

of direction, almost or quite = toward

way, manner

fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

of moral action and character

of duty

specif.: in good sense

oftener in bad sense

way of י׳

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1870 דֶּ֫רֶךְ way, road, distance, journey, manner . way, road, path

. journey

. of direction, almost or quite = toward

. way, manner

. fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

. . of moral action and character

. of duty

. specif.: in good sense

. oftener in bad sense

. way of י׳

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1870 derek deh'-rek

from 1869; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of

life or mode of action, often adverb:--along, away, because

of, + by, conversation, custom, (east-)ward, journey, manner,

passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-)way(-side),

whither(-soever).

see HEBREW for 01869

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: conduct.

: conduct/lifestyle

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — Way.

This name means way, road

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — (King's) Highway.

This name means way, road

Combined with me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "King's" H4428I)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: direction.

: direction

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: road.

: road/route

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: journey.

: journey

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cs | Suff — Preposition · noun common both singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncbsc/Sp3mp
and I scattered the object marker them among the nations and they were dispersed among the lands according to conduct their and according to practices their I judged them
וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖םve.kha.'a.li.lo.Tam and according to practices their H5949 Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word can mean wantonness or evil deeds, but also a great exploit or achievement. It's used to describe God's mighty acts and human actions, both good and bad, like in Psalm 9.
Amplified meaning
actions, wantonness
Tyndale gloss
wantonness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֲלִילָה (aliylah) refers to wantonness or a deed, often implying negative connotations such as evil practices. It is derived from the root meaning to effect or perform, and can denote an act, work, or occasion. The entries consistently emphasize its association with bad deeds.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֲלִילָה n.f. wantonness, deed

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5949 עֲלִילָה wantonness, deed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5949 `aliylah al-ee-law'

or malilah {al-ee-law'}; from 5953 in the sense of effecting;

an exploit (of God), or a performance (of man, often in a bad

sense); by implication, an opportunity:--act(-ion), deed,

doing, invention, occasion, work.

see HEBREW for 05953

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֲלִילָה (a.li.lah) — wantonness.

1) wantonness, deed, doing

1a) wantonness

1b) deed

1c) practices, evil deeds

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-fp | Suff — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HC/R/Ncfpc/Sp3mp
and I scattered the object marker them among the nations and they were dispersed among the lands according to conduct their and according to practices their I judged them
שְׁפַטְתִּֽים׃she.fa.Tim I judged them H8199 Verb qal perfect first person common singular · suffix
202× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To shaphat means to judge or govern, and can also mean to vindicate or punish. In the Bible, this term is often used to describe God's role as a judge, as well as human judges and rulers.
Amplified meaning
vindicated, punished
Tyndale gloss
to judge
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁפַט (shaphat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to judge or govern. It encompasses a range of actions including pronouncing sentences, executing judgments, and deciding controversies in various contexts such as civil and religious matters. The word can also imply being judged or entering into legal disputes. There is a specific mention of its use in the context of final judgment.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁפַט 185 vb. judge, govern

Qal

act as law-giver, judge, governor

specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions

execute judgment

Niph.

recipr., enter into controversy, plead

pass. be judged

Pô‛el = my opponent-at-law

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8199 שָׁפַט judge, govern .. act as law-giver, judge, governor

. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions

. execute judgment

. . recipr., enter into controversy, plead

. pass. be judged

.= my opponent-at-law

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8199 shaphat shaw-fat'

a primitive root; to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or

against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by

extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or

figuratively):--+ avenge, X that condemn, contend, defend,

execute (judgment), (be a) judge(-ment), X needs, plead,

reason, rule.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁפַט (sha.phat) — to judge.

1) to judge, govern, vindicate, punish

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to act as law-giver or judge or governor (of God, man)

1a1a) to rule, govern, judge

1a2) to decide controversy (of God, man)

1a3) to execute judgment

1a3a) discriminating (of man)

1a3b) vindicating

1a3c) condemning and punishing

1a3d) at theophanic advent for final judgment

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to enter into controversy, plead, have controversy together

1b2) to be judged

1c) (Poel) judge, opponent-at-law (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs | Suff — Verb qal perfect first person common singular · suffix
HVqp1cs/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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