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Ezekiel 11:6 — Word Study

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WLCהִרְבֵּיתֶ֥ם חַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וּמִלֵּאתֶ֥ם חוּצֹתֶ֖יהָ חָלָֽל׃ פ

BSAYou have multipliedrâbâh [greatly increased] those you killedchâlâl [slain, murdered, profaned] in thiszôʼth [specific, particular] cityʻîyr and filledmâlêʼ its streetschûwts [outdoors, high ways, public places] with the deadchâlâl [slain, wounded, corpses]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 11
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 6 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (cha.Lal) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 11:6quick helps
In a sentenceThe Lord accuses the people of increasing violence and death in the city.
Who is speakingThe prophet Ezekiel, conveying God's message.
Where we areA warning about the consequences of their actions in the city.
The hard wordחָלָל
Take awayThe streets are filled with the dead because of their actions.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbרָבָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 11:6

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Judgment Against Jerusalemgenerated

5And the Spirit of the LORD fell upon me and told me to declare that this is what the LORD says: “That is what you are thinking, O house of Israel; and I know the thoughts that arise in your minds.
6You have multiplied those you killed in this city and filled its streets with the dead.
7Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: The slain you have laid within this city are the meat, and the city is the pot; but I will remove you from it.
8You fear the sword, so I will bring the sword against you, declares the Lord GOD.

Ezekiel 11:6 addresses the violence committed in Jerusalem, where the people have increased the number of killings, filling the streets with the dead. This verse is part of a larger prophecy where God, through Ezekiel, warns the people of their impending judgment due to their wickedness and bloodshed. The surrounding verses highlight the severity of their actions and God's awareness of their thoughts and deeds.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 7:23Forge the chain, for the land is full of crimes of bloodshed, and the city is full of violence.
2Ezekiel 9:9He replied, “The iniquity of the house of Israel and Judah is exceedingly great. The land is full of bloodshed, and the city is full of perversity. For they say, ‘The LORD has forsaken the land; the LORD does not see.’
3Ezekiel 22:2–6“As for you, son of man, will you judge her? Will you pass judgment on the city of bloodshed? Then confront her with all her abominations
4Ezekiel 24:6–9Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Woe to the city of bloodshed, to the pot now rusted, whose rust will not come off! Empty it piece by piece; cast no lots for its contents.
52 Kings 21:16Moreover, Manasseh shed so much innocent blood that he filled Jerusalem from end to end, in addition to the sin that he had caused Judah to commit, doing evil in the sight of the LORD.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word הִרְבֵּיתֶ֥ם, hir.bei.Temgenerated

The verb רָבָה (rabah) means to multiply or increase. It is a Hiphil perfect form, indicating that the subject (you) is causing an increase in the object (the slain). This word conveys a sense of growth or abundance, particularly in a negative context here, where it refers to the increase of violence.

The use of this verb in this context emphasizes the active role of the people in perpetuating violence, suggesting a deliberate choice to increase the number of deaths in the city.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses the phrase multiplied those you killed, which aligns closely with the KJV and ASV, both of which also use multiplied.

Where translations differ is in the rendering of חָלָל. The KJV, ASV, and others use slain, while the LSV and YLT opt for wounded. The NETB uniquely translates it as corpses, indicating a more graphic depiction of the outcome of violence.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb הִרְבֵּיתֶ֥ם, you have multiplied, governs the entire sentence, with two phrases following: a noun phrase indicating what has been multiplied (the slain) and a prepositional phrase describing where this occurs (in the city). This structure highlights the cause-and-effect relationship between the actions of the people and the resulting violence.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions of the people, making it clear that they are responsible for the increase in death and destruction in their city.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates הִרְבֵּיתֶ֥ם as ἐπληθύνατε, which means 'you have increased.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning of multiplying or increasing, maintaining the sense of escalation in violence.

The Greek translation captures the same urgency and severity of the original Hebrew, emphasizing the responsibility of the people for the bloodshed in the city.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 11:6 tells us that the people have increased the number of those they killed in the city, filling its streets with the dead. This verse highlights the severity of their actions and the consequences they face as a result.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to have multiplied the slain?

It means that the people have increased the number of killings, leading to a significant loss of life in the city.

Why is the city specifically mentioned?

The city represents a focal point of violence and sin, highlighting the consequences of the people's actions in a specific location.

What is the significance of filling the streets with the dead?

This imagery emphasizes the extent of violence and the resulting devastation in public spaces, indicating a breakdown of societal order.

How does this verse relate to God's judgment?

This verse serves as a warning that such actions will lead to divine judgment and consequences for the people of Jerusalem.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do we see violence and destruction in our communities today?
  2. How can we take responsibility for our actions and their impact on others?
  3. What steps can we take to promote peace and healing in places marked by violence?
  4. How does understanding the consequences of sin help us in our own lives?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 11:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Ye have multiplied your slain in this city,.... Had killed many of the prophets of the Lord that had been sent unto them, and had shed much innocent blood; and not only had unjustly condemned many to

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 11 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled the streets thereof with the slain. Ye have multiplied your slain - those on whom you have brought ruin by your wicked counsels.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 11 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Many murders, and great ones, (for the Hebrew includeth both,) have you committed, either with frauds or violence, and sometimes with colour and pretence of law. Your slain; so called because they were such as God had not commanded to be cut off, but the Jews did it without warrant from God. Filled the streets; either left them murdered in the streets; or rather, by an hyperbole, the streets are full, every where some or other in every street you have condemned and killed. It is an expression the Scripture much useth to set forth the bloody effects of the Jewish rage, and of others.

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 11 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 11:6 Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled the streets thereof with the slain.Ver. 6. Ye have multiplied your slain in this city.] Called therefore a bloody city, and it shall therefore despume you; Vos sicut spumae eieciemini. Evil counsellors are cruel and bloody-minded; their craft is never but accompanied with cruelty, and their cruelty seldom without craft. "None of them wanteth their mate," as the Scripture speaks of those birds of prey and desolation.

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 11 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(6) Ye have multiplied your slain.—Crimes of violence, as well as of licentiousness, are always the fruit of defection from God. In this case the apostacy of the people had produced its natural result; and the abundant crimes against life formed a prominent feature of the terrible indictment against the city.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 11 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

6. Comp. ch. Ezekiel 22:25, Ezekiel 7:23. Those opposed to the schemes of the ruling party, or suspected of opposition, were openly or on various pretexts cut off.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 11 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

6. Ye have multiplied your slain — This shows how the captains and leaders of the war party had been accustomed to deal with those whose opinions differed from theirs (Ezekiel 7:23; Ezekiel 22:25).

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 11 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

You have multiplied those you killed in this city and filled its streets with the dead.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

You have multiplied your slain in this city, and you have filled its streets with the slain.”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

You have multiplied those you killed in this city and filled its streets with the dead.

NETBNew English Translation2006

You have killed many people in this city; you have filled its streets with corpses.’

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled the streets thereof with the slain.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled the streets thereof with the slain.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled the streets thereof with the slain.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled its streets with the slain.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Many haue ye murthered in this citie, and ye haue filled the streets thereof with the slaine.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled the streets thereof with the slain.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Ye multiplied your wounded in this city, And filled its out-places with the wounded.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

You multiplied your wounded in this city, || And filled its out-places with the wounded.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Ye have multiplied those slain by you in this city, and ye have filled its streets with the slain.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

You have multiplied the people you have killed in this city and filled its streets with them.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

You have killed a great many in this city, and you have filled the streets thereof with the slain.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

You murder more and more people in this city. You've filled its streets with the dead!

BBEBible in Basic English1949

You have made great the number of your dead in this town, you have made its streets full of dead men.

Word by word, the decisions they made

חָלָֽל׃ פcha.Lal [the] slain H2491 3 different renderings
slainASV DBY DRA ILT KJV NWB RVA WEB
woundedLSV YLT
corpsesNETB

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbהִרְבֵּיתֶ֥םyou.have.multipliednoun phrase · objectחַלְלֵיyour.slainכֶ֖ם[ones]prepositional phrase · prepositionalבָּinnoun phrasethenoun phraseעִ֣ירcityadjective phraseהַ(the)זֹּ֑אתthisוּandclauseverbמִלֵּאתֶ֥םyou.have.fillednoun phrase · objectחוּצֹתֶ֖יstreetsהָitsadverbialחָלָֽל[the].slain

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration, but the core message remains consistent with the Masoretic Text, indicating a strong preservation of the original meaning.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

הִרְבֵּיתֶ֥ם חַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וּמִלֵּאתֶ֥ם חוּצֹתֶ֖יהָ חָלָֽל׃ פ

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
הִרְבֵּיתֶ֥םἐπληθύνατεחַלְלֵיכֶ֖םὑμῶνבָּעִ֣ירπόλειהַזֹּ֑אתταύτῃוּמִלֵּאתֶ֥םἐνεπλήσατεחוּצֹתֶ֖יהָτὰςחָלָֽל׃ פτραυματιῶν

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q73a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[הרביתם] [חללי׳כם] [בעיר] [הזאת] ומלאתם חוצתי׳ה [חלל]

1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 11:6רָבָהyou have muyou have multipרָבָהחָלָלslain [onesslain [ones] yoחָלָלעִירin the cityin the cityעִירזֶהthisthisזֶהמָלֵאand you havand you have fiמָלֵאחוּץstreets itsstreets itsחוּץחָלָל[the] slain[the] slainחָלָלחָלַלto boreto boreחָלַלעוּרto rouseto rouseעוּררָבַבto multiplto multiply tenרָבַבשֶׂהשֶׂהחֶ֫רֶבswordswordחֶ֫רֶבפָּרָהbe fruitfube fruitfulפָּרָהמָעַטto diministo diminishמָעַטמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁלָכַדto captureto captureלָכַדתּוֹרָהinstructioinstructionתּוֹרָהשִׁירsongsongשִׁירחָמָסviolenceviolenceחָמָסעָנָןcloudcloudעָנָןמַחֲנֶהcampcampמַחֲנֶהרְחוֹבstreet/plastreet/plazaרְחוֹב
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 11:6

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

you have multiplied slain [ones] your in the city this and you have filled streets its [the] slain
הִרְבֵּיתֶ֥םhir.bei.Tem you have multiplied H7235 Verb · Hiphil · perfect second person masculine plural
227× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to increase or grow, like a plant shooting up. It is used in the Bible to describe something getting bigger or more abundant. The KJV translates it as abundance or bring up.
Amplified meaning
greatly increased
Tyndale gloss
to multiply
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָבָה (rabah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to increase or multiply, encompassing ideas of becoming great, numerous, or abundant. It has various forms, including Qal (to become many), Piel (to make large), and Hiphil (to make much). The word also appears in a context related to shooting in Genesis 21:20. There is a noted Aramaic equivalent, רְבָה.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָבָה] 225 vb. be, or become, much, many, great

Qal 59

become many, numerous

be great

grow great (Aramaism)

Pi. 4 make large, increase

Hiph. 162

make much or many

make great, obj. pers.

base

[רָבָה] vb. shoot;—only Qal Gn 21:20

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7235a רָבָה be, or become, much, many, great .. become many, numerous

. . be great

. grow great (Aramaism)

. make large, increase

. . make much or many

. make great, obj. pers.

H7235b רָבָה shoot

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7235 rabah raw-baw'

a primitive root; to increase (in whatever respect):--(bring

in) abundance (X -antly), + archer (by mistake for 7232), be

in authority, bring up, X continue, enlarge, excel,

exceeding(-ly), be full of, (be, make) great(-er, -ly,

X -ness), grow up, heap, increase, be long, (be, give, have,

make, use) many (a time), (any, be, give, give the, have) more

(in number), (ask, be, be so, gather, over, take, yield) much

(greater, more), (make to) multiply, nourish, plenty(-eous), X

process (of time), sore, store, thoroughly, very.

see HEBREW for 07232

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָבָה (ra.vah) — to multiply.

1) be or become great, be or become many, be or become much, be or become numerous

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to become many, become numerous, multiply (of people, animals, things)

1a2) to be or grow great

1b) (Piel) to make large, enlarge, increase, become many

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make much, make many, have many

1c1a) to multiply, increase

1c1b) to make much to do, do much in respect of, transgress greatly

1c1c) to increase greatly or exceedingly

1c2) to make great, enlarge, do much

Aramaic equivalent: re.vah (רְבָה "to grow great" H7236)

רָבָה (ra.vah) — to shoot.

(Qal) to shoot

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Perf-2mp — Verb · Hiphil · perfect second person masculine plural
HVhp2mp
you have multiplied slain [ones] your in the city this and you have filled streets its [the] slain
חַלְלֵיכֶ֖םcha.lei.Khem slain [ones] your H2491 Suffix
94× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes something or someone that has been profaned or hurt, like in Numbers 35:33. It can also mean to be pierced or wounded, as in physically harmed.
Amplified meaning
slain, murdered, profaned
Tyndale gloss
slain: killed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָלָל (chalal) primarily means 'pierced' or 'slain,' often in a context of fatal wounding. It can also refer to something that is 'profaned' or 'defiled.' The word is built from the root associated with piercing and carries both literal and figurative meanings related to death and pollution.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָלָל 90 n.m. pierced

pierced, fatally wounded

slain

base

חָלָל adj. profaned

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2491a חָלָל pierced H2491b חָלָל profaned

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2491 chalal khaw-lawl'

from 2490; pierced (especially to death); figuratively,

polluted:--kill, profane, slain (man), X slew, (deadly)

wounded.

see HEBREW for 02490

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָלָל (cha.lal) — slain: killed.

: killed

1) slain, fatally wounded, pierced

1a) pierced, fatally wounded

1b) slain

Also means: cha.lal (חָלָל ": wounded" H2491H)

חָלָל (cha.lal) — profaned.

adj

1) (CLBL) profaned

1a) defiled, profaned (by divorce)

חָלָל (cha.lal) — slain: wounded.

: wounded

1) slain, fatally wounded, pierced

1a) pierced, fatally wounded

1b) slain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj | Suff — Suffix
HAampc/Sp2mp
you have multiplied slain [ones] your in the city this and you have filled streets its [the] slain
בָּעִ֣ירba.'Ir in the city H5892 Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
1,090× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to a city or town, often a place with a wall or a watchman. It is used to describe a settlement or encampment, like the city of Ai, which is mentioned in the book of Joshua. The word is used to identify specific locations in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
excitement
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage

base

עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town

city, town, abode of men

of fortress in a city

appar. fortified place, of any size

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men

. of fortress in a city

. appar. fortified place, of any size

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5892 `iyr eer

or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)

{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a

watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or

post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.

see HEBREW for 05782

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִיר (ir) — excitement.

1) excitement, anguish

1a) of terror

עִיר (ir) — city.

1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)

1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)

1a) city, town

עִיר (ir) — City (of On).

Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)

This name means city, town

Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)

עִיר (ir) — Ir-.

#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;

son of: Tehinnah (H8468)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HRd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sit'-i (`ir, qiryah; polis):

I. THE CANAANITE CITY

1. Origin

2. Extent

3. Villages

4. Sites

5. External Appearance

6. General

II. THE CITY OF THE JEWISH OCCUPATION

1. Tower or Stronghold

2. High Place

3. Broad Place

4. Streets

5. General Characteristics

III. STORE CITIES

IV. LEVITICAL CITIES

LITERATURE

I. The Canaanite City.

1. Origin:

The development of the Canaanite city has been traced by Macalister in his report on the excavation at Gezer (Palestine Exploration Fund Statement, 1904, 108 ff). It originated on the slopes of a bare rocky spur, in which the Neolithic Troglodytes quarried their habitations out of the solid rock, the stones therefrom being used to form a casing to the earthen ramparts, with which the site was afterwards surrounded and which served as a protection against the intrusion of enemies. Later Semitic intruders occupied the site, stone houses were built, and high stone defense…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

City

The earliest mention of city-building is that of Enoch, which was built by Cain (Gen. 4:17). After the confusion of tongues, the descendants of Nimrod founded several cities (10:10-12). Next, we have a record of the cities of the Canaanites, Sidon, Gaza, Sodom, etc. (10:12, 19; 11:3, 9; 36:31-39). The earliest description of a city is that of Sodom (19:1-22). Damascus is said to be the oldest existing city in the world. Before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt (Num. 13:22). The Israelites in Egypt were employed in building the “treasure cities” of Pithom and Raamses (Ex. 1:11); but it does not seem that they had any cities of their own in Goshen (Gen.…

you have multiplied slain [ones] your in the city this and you have filled streets its [the] slain
הַזֹּ֑אתha.Zot this H2063 Particle · particle
604× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means this or that, often used to point out something specific. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
specific, particular
Tyndale gloss
this
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זֹאת (zot) is a demonstrative pronoun and adverb meaning 'this' or 'here.' It can stand alone or be used in apposition to a noun, often serving as a predicate. The word can also attach enclitically to interrogative pronouns to add emphasis. In poetry, it may function as a relative pronoun, though this is rare.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זֶה demonstr.pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here

standing alone

In appos. to subst.

More oft. as pred.

It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.

In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)

With prefixes (in special senses)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2063 זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here . standing alone

. In appos. to subst.

. More oft. as pred.

. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.

. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)

. With prefixes (in special senses)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2063 zo'th zothe'

irregular feminine of 2089; this (often used adverb):--

hereby (-in, -with), it, likewise, the one (other, same), she,

so (much), such (deed), that, therefore, these, this (thing),

thus.

see HEBREW for 02089

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זֹאת (zot) — this.

1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, such

1a) (alone)

1a1) this one

1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another

1b) (appos to subst)

1b1) this

1c) (as predicate)

1c1) this, such

1d) (enclitically)

1d1) then

1d2) who, whom

1d3) how now, what now

1d4) what now

1d5) wherefore now

1d6) behold here

1d7) just now

1d8) now, now already

1e) (poetry)

1e1) wherein, which, those who

1f) (with prefixes)

1f1) in this (place) here, then

1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter

1f3) thus and thus

1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus

1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side

1f6) on this account

1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Pron — Particle · particle
HTd/Tm
you have multiplied slain [ones] your in the city this and you have filled streets its [the] slain
וּמִלֵּאתֶ֥םu.mi.le.Tem and you have filled H4390 Verb · Piel · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
249× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To fill means to make something full or complete, like filling a container or fulfilling a promise. This word is used in many contexts, including being full of joy or having a job completed.
Tyndale gloss
to fill
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָלֵא (male') means 'to fill' or 'be full,' with applications ranging from literal filling to figurative uses like accomplishing or completing something. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances such as being satisfied or confirming. Notably, it can also refer to massing against someone.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָלֵא 249 vb. be full, fill

Qal 99

be full, usu. c. acc. material

trans. fill

Niph.

be filled

be accomplished, ended

Pi.

fill

special uses are:

fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day

Pu. filled

Hithp. mass themselves against me

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4390 מָלֵא be full, fill .. be full, usu. c. acc. material

. trans. fill

. . be filled

. be accomplished, ended

. . fill

. special uses are:

. fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day

. filled

. mass themselves against me

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4390 male' maw-lay'

or malae (Esth. 7:5) {maw-law'}; a primitive root, to fill or

(intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally

and figuratively):--accomplish, confirm, + consecrate, be at

an end, be expired, be fenced, fill, fulfil, (be, become, X

draw, give in, go) full(-ly, -ly set, tale), (over-)flow,

fulness, furnish, gather (selves, together), presume,

replenish, satisfy, set, space, take a (hand-)full, + have

wholly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָלֵא (ma.le) — to fill.

1) to fill, be full

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be full

1a1a) fulness, abundance (participle)

1a1b) to be full, be accomplished, be ended

1a2) to consecrate, fill the hand

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be filled, be armed, be satisfied

1b2) to be accomplished, be ended

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to fill

1c2) to satisfy

1c3) to fulfil, accomplish, complete

1c4) to confirm

1d) (Pual) to be filled

1e) (Hithpael) to mass themselves against

Aramaic equivalent: me.la (מְלָא "to fill" H4391)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Piel-Perf-2mp — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
Hc/Vpq2mp
you have multiplied slain [ones] your in the city this and you have filled streets its [the] slain
חוּצֹתֶ֖יהָchu.tzo.Tei.ha streets its H2351 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
164× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means outside or outdoors, referring to something beyond a wall or boundary. It can also mean a street or highway, as seen in various KJV translations, including abroad, field, and without.
Amplified meaning
outdoors, high ways, public places
Tyndale gloss
outside
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חוּץ (chuwts) refers to the concept of being outside or outward, often associated with streets or highways. It is derived from a root meaning to sever, indicating separation by a wall. The term covers various contexts, including outdoors and fields.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חוּץ n.[m.] the outside, sts., esp. in pl., spec. a street

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2351 חוּץ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2351 chuwts khoots

or (shortened) chuts {khoots}; (both forms feminine in the

plural) from an unused root meaning to sever; properly,

separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoors:--abroad, field,

forth, highway, more, out(-side, -ward), street, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חוּץ (chuts) — outside.

outside, outward, street, the outside

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp3fs
you have multiplied slain [ones] your in the city this and you have filled streets its [the] slain
חָלָֽל׃ פcha.Lal [the] slain H2491 Adj
94× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes something or someone that has been profaned or hurt, like in Numbers 35:33. It can also mean to be pierced or wounded, as in physically harmed.
Amplified meaning
slain, wounded, corpses
Tyndale gloss
slain: killed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָלָל (chalal) primarily means 'pierced' or 'slain,' often in a context of fatal wounding. It can also refer to something that is 'profaned' or 'defiled.' The word is built from the root associated with piercing and carries both literal and figurative meanings related to death and pollution.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָלָל 90 n.m. pierced

pierced, fatally wounded

slain

base

חָלָל adj. profaned

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2491a חָלָל pierced H2491b חָלָל profaned

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2491 chalal khaw-lawl'

from 2490; pierced (especially to death); figuratively,

polluted:--kill, profane, slain (man), X slew, (deadly)

wounded.

see HEBREW for 02490

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָלָל (cha.lal) — slain: killed.

: killed

1) slain, fatally wounded, pierced

1a) pierced, fatally wounded

1b) slain

Also means: cha.lal (חָלָל ": wounded" H2491H)

חָלָל (cha.lal) — profaned.

adj

1) (CLBL) profaned

1a) defiled, profaned (by divorce)

חָלָל (cha.lal) — slain: wounded.

: wounded

1) slain, fatally wounded, pierced

1a) pierced, fatally wounded

1b) slain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAamsa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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